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More than just feeling blue 抑郁症 情绪低落
Depression More than just feeling blue 抑郁症 情绪低落
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Depression Facts Common worldwide, with an estimated 350 million people affected – 5% of the world’s population Serious, may worsen or even lead to suicide if left untreated Over 800,000 people die due to suicide every year. Suicide is the second leading cause of death in year-olds Can affect all aspects of a person’s life – at home, at school, at work, and in entire society Can go undetected for long time and can be treated 50% American with major depression don’t seek treatment, 10% in some countries Women > men 抑郁症是全球一种常见病,估计共有3.5亿名患者,5%世界总人口。 抑郁症不同于通常的情绪波动。长期的中度或重度抑郁症可能成为一个严重的疾患。最严重时,抑郁症可引致自杀。每年自杀死亡人数估计高达80万人。15-29岁年轻人中,自杀是第二大死因。 可影响到生活中的方方面面,家庭,学校,工作,甚至整个社会 不能被轻易识别。 虽然对抑郁症已有行之有效的治疗办法,但全球只有不足一半的患者(在一些国家中仅有不到10%的患者)接受有效治疗. 女性发病率>男性
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Difference between depression and feeling blue
Intense, overwhelming sadness for long period of time (> 2 weeks) Unable to take care of things and enjoy normal life 正常人抑郁情绪呈一过性, 持续几小时几天, 达不到2周 抑郁程度轻, 达不到抑郁症诊断标准 能自己向亲友诉说, 以宣泄, 克服这种不良情绪, 以求尽快恢复正常心 情 对未来有美好的憧憬和希望, 人际交往能力, 工作生活能力存在 抑郁情绪,不一定就是抑郁症,正常人也会有抑郁体验和表现。人生在世总会遇到这样那样不顺心的事,而且遇到不如意事往往比如意事多。抑郁情绪与抑郁症主要有4大区别: 最主要的特点是 – 超过两周无法控制的抑郁,影响到日常生活
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Causes (病因) Imbalance of brain chemistry
脑部变化: 已知两种脑部传递信息的化学物质 – 血清素&去甲肾上腺素 与情绪控 制相关. 这些化学物质失衡, 可能导致抑郁 Genetics 家族遗传: 若父母其中一人曾患严重抑郁, 你患上抑郁症的风险较一般人高8倍. 然 而抑郁症也可出现于没有相关家族史的人身上 Chronic illnesses 身体疾病: 一些疾病如心脏病, 癌症及荷尔蒙失调等都可引起抑郁症. 此外, 一些慢 性疼痛如关节炎等, 也可导致抑郁 Life stresses 创伤及压力: 失去挚爱, 人际关系出现问题, 财政困难, 生活习惯改变都可能构成压 力, 引发抑郁症 抑郁症的病因复杂,可以由脑部变化,也可能是家族遗传。有时生活上一些痛苦的经历也可导致抑郁症,亦有一些患者病因未明。大部分抑郁症的开始都是由于遗传,心理,环境三者相互影响而成的。一旦患上抑郁症,往后便可能会无缘无故或因为轻微的压力而导致复发。
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Causes (病因)- continue Social support 社交支援: 缺乏亲友支援, 经常独处的人士较容易出现抑郁
Personality: Lack of confidence 个性: 一些自信心较低, 较悲观及无法应付压力的人, 似乎较易患上抑郁. 然而, 尚未辨别这是易患因素还是早期症状 * Alcoholism 酗酒: 饮酒过多可导致抑郁, 而酗酒者的自杀率也较高. 然而酗酒本身也可由抑 郁引起
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Treatment (治疗) Mild – Counseling 轻症 – 心理辅导
Moderate, severe – Psychotropic therapy + Counseling 中重症 – 药物为主,心理辅导有益 Medications can take 1-2 months to be fully effective, treatment should last for 6 months or longer 药物1-2月见效;至少维持6个月 Do not stopping treatment prematurely – Could lead to recurrence 避免轻易过早撤药 Taking an antidepressant to correct a chemical problem in the brain is no different than taking a medication for diabetes or hypothyroidism. You are simply returning the body to proper functioning. You are not making the body do something it was not intended to do, which is the case with street drugs. 目前,抑郁症的识别率还不足一半,已经明确诊断的抑郁症也只有1/4患者得到最低度的药物治疗。呼吁有此类症状的朋友,要积极求治,不必有病耻感。正常人的抑郁情绪可以通过心理辅导消除抑郁。如果确诊患有抑郁症,则一般的心理安慰劝说难以奏效,必须服用抗抑郁药物治疗。 医生一般会根据您的具体情况来调整剂量,在几周内的时程内逐渐减量,这样可以让大脑有时间慢慢适应这一变化。千万不要自行减量或停药!
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Misconceptions About Antidepressants (关于抗抑郁药的误解)
“I won’t take mood altering drugs” 我不想服用左右情绪的药 “I have heard that antidepressants make you suicidal” 我听说抗抑郁药可能导致自杀倾向 “I can fight this without antidepressants” 不服用药物我也能战胜抑郁症 Taking an antidepressant to correct a chemical problem in the brain is no different than taking a medication for diabetes or hypothyroidism. You are simply returning the body to proper functioning. You are not making the body do something it was not intended to do, which is the case with street drugs. 2. Some studies have shown an increase in suicidal thinking and behavior while taking antidepressants, but this side effect is more common for teenagers than for adults and the vast majority of people do not experience it. If this side effect does occur, it will typically happen during the first few months of starting the medication 3. risk associated with untreated depression, and depression is episodic. If you wait it out, the depression will pass and you will feel better again. Unfortunately, people who have one depressive episode are more likely to have a second episode. When depressive episodes occur again and again, they tend to increase in severity and frequency. Treatment with medicine, counseling or both can help to prevent this downward spiral.
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Self help (抑郁症自助措施) Set small goals - Set yourself small goals and take things one step at a time 制定简单目标 正视自己的病情 Join a support group – Helpful to talk to people who have gone through similar experiences 参加互助小组 多与人们接触和交往 避免独来独往 Exercise regularly and maintain a balanced diet 定期参加一些运动 尝试一些轻微的体育锻炼 Be patient; treatment takes time 对自己的病情不要着急 治疗需要时间
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Self help (抑郁症自助措施) Talk to someone you trust
在没有同对自己实际情况十分了解的人商量之前, 不要作出重大的决 定, 如调换工作, 结婚或离婚 Track your thoughts by writing them down – good way to express your feelings and recognize triggers or patterns 不妨把自己的感受写出来, 分析认识它 Avoid social networking if it makes you feel worse 避免不必要的社交网络 – 微信, 脸书 => 失眠, 社交攀比 研究人员发现社交网络造成了数量惊人的不良心理健康后果,比如抑郁、自卑、嫉妒等。近日,《社会与临床心理学杂志》(Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology)的最新研究成果表明,社交网络上的攀比之风把 Facebook 与抑郁症状连在了一起。这些攀比往往发生在自己的「无聊时光」和朋友的「精彩生活」之间,看看别人的度假照片,别人孩子的可爱照片,再看看自己,怎么能不抑郁呢? 使用 Facebook 之后我们应该感觉很舒适才对。但意想不到的结果是,由于人们把自己与 Facebook 好友作比较,就会产生扭曲的看法,觉得自己的生活不如别人的精彩,进而导致抑郁症状的出现。如果使用了 Facebook 之后的感受比使用之前还差的话,那么是时候考虑远离虚拟世界了。容易患抑郁症的人们更应该注意社交网络的影响,有必要调整自己登陆社交媒体的时间和看事情的方式了。 呼吁健康人群:生活并不总是那么美好的,有精彩也有无聊,有时候不妨上传一些不那么迷人的生活状态,或许我们和朋友的关系就会变得更紧密些。
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“世界精神卫生日”是由世界精神病学协会(World Psychiatric Association WPA)在1992年发起的,时间是每年的10月10日 World Mental Health Day 2015 Dignity in mental health 2015年世界精神卫生日:尊严与精神卫生 年,尼泊尔提交了第一份关于“世界精神卫生日”活动的报告。随后的十多年里,许多国家参与进来,将每年的10月10日作为特殊的日子: 宗旨: 提高公众对精神疾病的认识,分享科学有效的疾病知识,消除公众的偏见。世界卫生组织确定每年的10月10日为“世界精神卫生日”。 目前,由于精神卫生知识尚不普及,宣传力度不够,大多数人对精神疾病认识不足,对患者缺乏应有的理解和同情,偏见与歧视现象较严重,致使一些精神疾病康复者不能顺利回归社会大家庭,产生了强烈的病耻感。一些患者和家属即便具有一定的精神卫生知识,认识到疾病的性质,多数人也宁可自己忍受痛苦而不愿寻求精神科医生的帮助,害怕因"精神病"而受歧视,结果延误了治疗,病情加重。 - 消除偏见善待患者
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Over the past 2 weeks, how often have you bee bothered by having Little interest or pleasure in doing things? A. Not at all (0) B. Several days (1) C. More than one-half the days (2) D. Nearly every day (3) Poll: Result:
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Over the past 2 weeks, how often have you bee bothered by feeling down, depressed, or having little energy? A. Not at all (0) B. Several days (1) C. More than one-half the days (2) D. Nearly every day (3) Poll: Result:
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