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生物技术一班 游琼英
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Nucleotide anabolism and catabolism (核苷酸代谢)
Lipid metabolism (脂代谢) AA metabolism(氨基酸代谢) Nucleotide anabolism and catabolism (核苷酸代谢)
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Fatty acid anabolism(分解)
CH2OH HCOH - CH2OH HCOH CH2O-P - CH2OH C=O CH2O-P - ATP ADP+Pi NAD+ NADH +H+ 甘油激酶 磷酸甘油脱氢酶 磷酸酯酶 磷酸丙糖 异构酶 糖异生 CHO CHOH CH2O-P - 葡萄糖 CH3 C=O COOH EMP TCA - CO2+H2O 乙酰COA - carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism connect by 磷酸二羟丙酮。 Metabolism in liver.
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The oxidation of the fatty acid
activation of Fatty Acid out of mt enoyl -CoA β-oxidation in mt acetyl-CoA TCA CO2、H2O、ATP
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A. The activation of the fatty acid(活化)
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B. The transfer of enoyl-CoA
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2、饱和脂肪酸的β-氧化 (在mt和乙醛酸体中进行) β-氧化:FA活化生成脂酰CoA进入线粒体基质 后,在脂酰基的β碳原子上依次进 行脱氢, 加水,再脱氢,硫解, 四步反应,生成一分子乙酰CoA和 脂酰CoA(比原来少2个C)的过程。
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oxidation
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Hydrate (水合)
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dehydrogen (脱H)
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硫解
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Citric acid cycle 草酰乙酸 丙 乙酰 CoA (2) (1) (7) (8) (9) (10) (5) (6) (3)
H 3 O N A D + o S 2 ~ ( ) P G i T 2 O F H 2 O 丙 乙酰 CoA (2) (1) (7) (8) (9) (10) (5) (6) (3) (4) 草酰琥珀酸 α-酮戊二酸 琥珀酰 CoA 琥珀酸 延胡索酸 L-苹果酸 草酰乙酸 H O Citric acid cycle
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β-oxidation - - 继续β-氧化 - = = RCH2CH2COOH RCH2CH2CO~SCOA H RC=CCO~SCOA
R-C~SCOA+ CH3-C~SCOA (L-β- 羟脂酰COA) RC-CH2CO~SCOA O =
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The energy product by the fatty acid β-oxidation
activation:-2ATP one turn of β-oxidation: 1FADH2, 1NADH, acetyl-CoA (1.5ATP) (2.5ATP) (TCA cycle: 10ATP)
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1. Ketone bodies(酮体) 丙酮 乙酰乙酸 β-羟丁酸
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柠檬酸将乙酰CoA从mt运到胞液 lipid synthesis
Acetyl-CoA transfer into mitochondrion by citrate pyruvate cycle(柠檬酸丙酮酸循环) from cytosol
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catabolism ①dehydration ②the first deoxidize ③dehydration
④the second deoxidize Make1mol软脂酸-ACP has 7 turns 总反应:8乙酰-S-CoA + 14NADPH + 14H+ + 7ATP 软脂酸+ 8HSCOA + 14NADP+ + 7ADP + 7Pi +6H2O
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6 1b 1a 5 2 3 4 NADP+ 转酰基酶 NADPH+H+ 加氢 启动 脱水 装载 加氢 缩合 NADP+ NADPH+H+
烯脂酰-ACP还原酶 6 转酰基酶 加氢 1b 5 HO H β-羟脂酰- ACP脱水酶 HSCoA 乙酰CoA-ACP转酰基酶 CH3COSCoA 1a 启动 脱水 CoASH HOOCCH2CO-SCoA 丙二酰CoA-ACP转酰基酶 2 装载 CO2 β-酮脂酰-ACP合酶 3 β-酮脂酰-ACP还原酶 NADP+ NADPH+H+ 4 加氢 缩合
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AA metabolism(氨基酸代谢) RCH-COOH NH2 RCOCOOH+NH3 脱氨基 脱羧基 RCH2NH2+CO2
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(一)deamination(脱氨基作用)
(二) transamination(转氨基作用) (三)combined deamination(联合脱氨)
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(一)deamination(脱氨基作用)
1. Oxidative deamination(氧化脱氨)
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2.L-glutamate dehydrogenase (L-谷氨酸脱氢酶)
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(2).transamination(转氨作用)
amino acid Accepter keto acid transaminase New amino acid New keto acid 谷丙转氨酶(glutamic pyruvic transaminase,GPT), 谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,GOT)
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Combined deamination(联合脱氨)
α-KG 谷氨酸 转氨酶 谷氨酸脱氢酶
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urea cycle(尿素循环)
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1. 氨甲酰磷酸的合成 2. 瓜氨酸的合成 3. 由瓜氨酸合成精氨基琥珀酸 4. 生成Arg 5. Arg的水解
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The urea cycle 总方程式
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one carbon unit一碳单位 methyl(—CH3,甲基) methylene(—CH2—,甲叉基)
methenyl(—CH=,甲川基) formyl(—CHO,甲酰基) formamino(—CH=NH,亚氨甲基)
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one carbon unit(一碳单位) often link to FH4 when they react with others.
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Nucleotide anabolism(分解代谢)
Nucleotide catabolism(合成代谢)
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Nucleotide anabolism(分解代谢)
核酸 核苷酸 核苷 + Pi 碱基 + 戊糖-1-P
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核酸中的嘌呤主要是Ade、Gua首先脱氨,分别生成次黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤,再进一步代谢生成尿酸。
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Nucleotide catabolism(合成代谢)
(一)嘌呤核苷酸的生物合成 1. De novo synthesis(从头合成途径) First ,synthesize IMP AMP GMP IMP
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The origins of the purine ring
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先合成IMP
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IMP合成AMP和GMP
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The origins of pyrimidine rings
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The pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway(生物合成途径)
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CTP synthesis from UTP
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The end
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thank you!!
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