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英語介系詞的翻譯 黃勇仁
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轉譯 在作主詞補語的介詞片語中,介詞常轉譯為動詞,而連綴動詞則省略不譯 This motorbike is out of repair. (這部機車失修) 在作目的或原因副詞的介詞片語中,介詞有時轉譯成動詞。 The plane crushed out of control. (這架飛機失去控制而墜毀) The letter E is commonly used for English. (E這個字母常被用來表示英語)
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增譯 增詞不是無中生有,而是要根據上下文,尤其是根據與介詞搭配的動詞或形容詞的含義適當地增詞。 The engineer was taken ill with consumption. It was flour on the lungs, the doctor told him at the time. (這個工程師得了肺癆。當時醫生對他說,那是由於麵粉對肺部的影響所造成)
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分譯 介詞片語作形容詞時,往往是形容詞子句的一種減化形式。介詞片語作副詞時,有時是副詞子句的減化形式。 The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules. (多孔壁的作用就像篩子,它把不同質量的分子分開)
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分譯 With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best. (這設計儘管有種種缺點,仍被認為是最佳設計之一)
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不譯 不譯或省略翻譯是在確切表達原文內容的前提下使譯文精簡,合乎中文規範,絕不是任意省略某些介詞。 There are four seasons in a year. (一年有四季) Many water power plants have been built in the country. (這國家已興建許多水力發電廠)
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不譯 有些介詞如 for (為了),from (從...),to (對...),on (在...時) 等,可以不譯。 The barometer is a good instrument for measuring air pressure. (氣壓計是測量氣壓的良好儀器) The air was removed from between the two pipes. (兩根管子之間的空氣已抽出)
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不譯 表示與主詞有關的某一方面、範圍或內容的介詞有時不譯,這時可把介詞的受詞譯成中文主詞。 Something has gone wrong with the engine. (這部引擎出了毛病) Gold is similar in color to brass. (金子的顏色和黃銅相似)
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不譯 不少 of 介詞片語在句中作形容詞,其中 of (...的) 往往不譯。 The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors. (電能變為機械能是藉由馬達來完成的)
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反譯 在一些情況中,有的介詞片語如不從反面著手,譯文就不通,這時必須反譯。 Some of his poems are past comprehension. (他的某些詩作無法理解) There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet. (有些論據不同意這行星上可能有生物)
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反譯 off, from 等表示地點,距離時,有時用反譯法。 The boat sank off the coast. (這隻船在離海岸不遠處沉沒了) but, except, besides 等表示除去、除外時,有時用反譯法。 Copper is the best conductor but silver. (銅是僅次於銀的最佳導體)
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