四级翻译技巧.

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1 四级翻译技巧

2 一、题型简介 在四级新题型考试中，翻译题所占分值为5%，时间为5分钟，由5个句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法。

3 二、应试技巧 1)首先，确定考点关键(词组或语法结构)，寻找可能的英文相应表达；
2)然后，利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将词组连接起来； 3)最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言。

4 三、翻译常见问题和应对政策 1).理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。 2).理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构。
　1).理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。 　2).理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构。 3)表达关键在于用符合英语语言的习惯来做适当调整。 4)加强句法和和词汇基础，持之以恒。

5 四、 翻译标准方法步骤 1).标准：准确、通顺、完整。 2).方法：以直译为主适当意译。
四、　翻译标准方法步骤 　1).标准：准确、通顺、完整。 　2).方法：以直译为主适当意译。 　3).步骤： 　　 通读全句，准确理解。 　　 分析成分，划分意群。 　 选择词义，贴切表达。 　 适当调整，书写译文。

6 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 A.定语从句与同位语从句的区别：
1).定语从句先行词可以是任何名词，而同位语从句先行词相当有限，例如：conclusion, fact, news, idea, belief, message, hope, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding… 2).同位语从句中 that 不在从句中充当任何成分，定语从句 that 充当一定句子成分。 B. 定语 1).分词短语作定语 2).不定式作定语 3).介词短语作定语　4).形容词做定语 上述成分做定语时，一般来说，应把定语翻译在中心词前面。

7 The problem lies in how people look at those students ___(专心追求知识的).
who are kownledge-oriented/absorbed in acquiring kownledge/absorbed in pursuing knowledge 　　「超级单词」sth.-oriented追求……，orient n.东方adj.东方的，上升的vi.向东 vt.使适应、确定方向。oriented导向的，其实这里可以很多种译法。

8 13. I'm not accustomed to such luxury, _____ (它简直是浪费钱).
which is just a waste of money

9 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 C.倒装结构： Here comes the bus. Here you are.
１．完全倒装：谓语动词全部移到主语的前面 The child ran away. → Away ran the child. 作用：有动感 １）一些标志副词 Out/in/off/up/down/away/here/there 2)开头是状语

10 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 ２．部分倒装：把助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面 (1).表示“也（不）＂
I like this book. So does he. (so/neither/nor 放在句首，后面用不完全到装) (2).as引导让步状语从句时，从句的表语可以放在最前面：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas (have been challenged) today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. Much as he likes her, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.

11 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 （3）.含有否定意义的词放在句首，要用部分倒装: Never/little/few/hardly/scarcely/seldom/in no way/ no longer/ on no account/ under no circumstance （4）.关于only：加状语放在句首，后面要用部分倒装: Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make_ up tests.

12 　If you won't agree to our plan,_____________________( 他们也不会同意 ).
neither will they　 Only after I slapped him on the back ____( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ). did he notice me and shouted with happiness

13 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 D. 比较结构 　1). As…as… 　2). not so… as… 　3). rather A，than B 与其说B，不如说A 　4). less A，more B 与其说A，不如说B There engines are___________________ (不如我们制造的那些发动机功率大) . less powerful than the ones we have made E. 并列结构 　　两个或两个以上的并列成分有明显的连词标记或标点符号连接，如： 　　and, or, but, both and, neither…nor, not but, not only…but also…等。

14 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 F. 否定结构 1).部分否定：若否定句中出 all，both，every，each 等类似词语，则表部分否定。 2).形状否定： 例如： His contribution can not be exaggerated 他的贡献极大。 You can never be careful enough. 你必须多加小心。

15 Most people tend to believe that " the newer, the better, " _____ ( 尽管并不总是这样 ).
though that is not always the case

16 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 F. 否定结构 3).形式肯定，内容否定 　He is anything but / except a scholar. 他绝不是一个学者。 　Swimming here is far from / not at all dangerous. 在此游泳毫无危险。 　He is the last person I want to meet. 他是我最不想见的人。

17 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 G. 形式主语 翻译方法固定，可当作短语直接翻译在句子最前面。 　It is reported that 据报道 　It is estimated that 据估计 　It is conjectured that 据推测 　It must be admitted that 必须承认 　It can not be denied that / There is no denying that 不可否认 　It can be said without fear / exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说

18 _____ ( 据说 ) the painter used his aunt as the model in that painting.
It is said that

19 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 H. 强调结构：还原强调部分，直接翻译。
It is ________(重要的不是谁来统治我们), but how he rules us. not who rules us that is important

20 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 情态动词的完成式。
The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________ (肯定没打扫过) . 　4.can't have been cleaned 　情态动词+have done"表示推测，must/can/may/might/could/should/ need/ought to各用于不同句型中

21 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 J. 非谓语动词
I don't mind your_____________(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late. delaying making　　「 mind作及物动词，后面通常接名词、代词、V-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。 I have had great deal of of trouble______________________________.(跟得上班上的其他同学) keeping up with the rest of the class.　　 trouble可以用在句型“have trouble doing sth. ” 做某事有困难“中，这时，trouble可以用difficulty来代替。 When I __________________(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop. caught /found him cheating me　　 find/catch+宾语+宾补,如I found him standing by the river. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _____ (与我相比). compared with mine

22 His remarks left me ____________________________( 想知道他的真实目的 ).
wondering about his real purpose　 　leave sb doing 让继续处于某种状态;leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事

23 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 K. 虚拟语气 If you had_____________________ ( 听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦) followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.　　 虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法 I suggested he ____________________ (使自己适应) his new conditions. should adapt himself to　　 要用虚拟语气的相关动词如：insist，demand，order，ask，advise等。

24 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 L.状语从句 The little boy next door has been beating his drum for a whole morning, which got on my nerves so much __( 以至于我无法集中注意力学习 ). that I have no way to concentrate on my study The scientist tried to convince us that a tiger would not attack us __( 除非它走投无路 ). unless it’s cornered 　　「超级单词」unless除非，如果不;corner名词作"角落、绝路"，作为及物动词时表示"无路可走". ___(每当天气不好时), he takes whatever umbrella he can find. whenever the weather is bad

25 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 M.名词性从句
_______________________ (给我印象最深的) were her liveliness and sense of humor. What impressed me the most

26 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 N.独立主格结构。
_____ (随着时间的流逝), they forgot their bitter sufferings. With time flying As time flies With the passage of time ___________________ (很多朋友不在)， we decided to put the meeting off. With many friends absent

27 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 O . 时态,语态 By the time you get to New York, I____________(已经动身去) London. shall have left for

28 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 N. 短语 be entitled to as far as sb. is concerned
prefer to do rather than do object to let alone turn a blind eye to turn to … for help play a part/role in adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于

29 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 lose contact with/lose touch with
vary …… from …… to 各不相同 be used to+doing/noun be devoted to at the cost of(以……为代价)，其含义和用法与at the expense of相同。另at all costs意为"不惜一切代价". “attribute……to”，“把……归因于……”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点。 let……down(使……失望)

30 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 take…… into account=take…… into consideration 把……考虑在内
"the more……, the more……"句型常表示"越……就越……", cannot……+enough"句型中该句型形式上是否定句型，实际上表达的是肯定意义，意思是"再……也不过分;越……越……“ There is no doubt that despite =in spite of regardless whethe… or…

31 The substance does not dissolve in water _____ (不管是否加热).
whether (it is) heated or not

32 五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译 attribute …to … put off=postpone call off=cancel
would rather… than… rather than… =instead of have access to take the risk (of) impose tax on resort to force but for

33 be aware of approve of keep an eye on at intervals many as well not so much…as和not so much as Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"结构 "cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…"或者，即"无论怎样……也不算过分"。"not"可换用"hardly"，"scarcely"等，"too"可换用"enough"，"sufficient"等

34 none other than 意为不是别人正是。。。（表惊讶）
eg:The winner of the speech was none other than Tom who doesn‘t talk much in daily life. no other than意为正是或只有 eg:It is no other than my mother. Nothing but 只有 Nothing but a miracle can save her life. 只有奇迹才能挽救她的生命。 anything but点也不，决不是

35 六、实战练习 以下是样题所提供的5个翻译句子，我们根据其内容来推测可能考查的知识点： 　（87）.The substance does not dissolve in water _______________(不管是否加热)。 本句意为：不管是否加热，这种物质都不会溶解于水。 前半句所给的信息并不重要，考生凭四级词汇知识可以理解substance(物质)和dissolve(溶解)两个单词的意义。考虑提示部分的汉语， “不管…是否…”即“whether… or …”，很容易找到这个对应结构。关键点在于对“加热”的理解，是主动还是被动处理，从上下文意义推断出是 water被加热，所以我们采用被动方式，即whether (it is) heated or not，填入部分作让步状语从句，it is可以被省略。

36 六、实战练习 考查重点： 从句知识：尤其让步状语从句，注意复习whether… or…, though, no matter how, as等表达的用法。 分词用法：注意辨别现在分词和过去分词，同时考虑动词被动语态的运用。

37 六、实战练习 88）.Not only __ (他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either. 本句意为：他不但向我收费过高，而且东西修理得不怎么样。 本句中要考虑两个层面，首先是动词“收费”的对应词，应当是“charge”。“过高”则往往使用too high或too much, 由于主体内容是金钱而不是温度，我们用经常搭配的“much”。更加巧妙的用词是“overcharge”，恰好可以把意思归并到一起。还要考虑的是本句中 “not only…but…”结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，自然是倒装句的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们不得不把助动词did提炼出来，按照倒装结构翻译成“Not only did he charge me too much”或者 “Not only did he overcharge me”。

38 六、实战练习 考查重点： 倒装句结构中的否定词前置现象。类似的知识点还要注意Never/Neither/Hardly/Scarcely等否定词在句首的倒装情况。

39 六、实战练习 （89）. Your losses in trade this year are nothing __________________(与我的相比)。 本句意为“你在生意中的损失与我的相比不值一题。” 翻译时有两个知识点容易出错，首先，“与…相比”考查词组知识，四级程度同学应当掌握“compared with”或者 “in comparison with”, 但常有考生把 “compare with”与“compare to”(把…比做)混淆，或者没有考虑过去分词形式。此外，“我的”应当使用物主代词所有格“mine”，此处不宜写成“my losses”。

40 六、实战练习 考查重点： 词组知识：需要考生把握大批类似compare with以及名词形式in comparison with的词组或短语，其中固定搭配需要使用的介词／副词非常重要。 分词形式：在句子中做修饰成分与前者构成主动被动关系至关重要。

41 六、实战练习 （90）. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. 本句意为：据说，游客平均一天在利兹花掉的钱只有在伦敦的一半那么多。 显然本句在拿as…as…结构做文章。因为是比较关系，把在Leeds和在London的费用做比较，所以后半句有明确的“as”一词。空缺部分是要有 “as”,还要有 “half”和“money”。关键是次序如何调理。根据比较结构中的倍数原则，倍数数字放在最开始，接下去有关于量的 as much + n. + as, 因此本句要填入 “half as much money”。

42 六、实战练习 考查重点：比较结构：本句考查同级比较中的倍数关系，类似表达还有twice as much (many) as…

43 六、实战练习 （91）. By contrast, American mothers were more likely__________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 　　本句意为：相比较，美国的母亲们更可能把孩子的成功归因于天赋。 本句再次在词组方面进行考查，“把…归因于…”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点，有时表达因果关系最复杂的动词词组。应当熟练把握 “attribute…to…”的拼写和用法。此外，不要忽略另外一个词的用法,“be likely to …”表示“容易”、“可能”等意义，稍不小心就会把to漏掉。总之，需要填入的部分拼贴在一起就是“to attribute their children’s success to”。

44 六、实战练习 考查重点：动词词组，表示因果关系的attribute… to…。需要熟练掌握用法的还有lead to, result in, result from, be to blame for, be responsible for。另外，还要学会使用拼写类似的词组 contribute to，表示“有助于，对…做出贡献”。

45 六、实战练习 特别提示：仔细研究以上样题的考点，不难发现新四级虽然放弃了专门的词汇语法结构题型，翻译部分仍就重点考查了各类词组语法（倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从句、词组）的知识，而且全是原来四级题目中的重点。准备新四级千万不要与以往的知识割裂，我们所说的“万变不离其宗”就是这个道理，熟练掌握四级大纲规定的词汇、词组、语法知识，并且活学活用，才不会被千变万化的题型吓倒。

46 七、翻译练习安排 1). 时间以每天30分钟为宜。 2). 借用英英字典养成良好的英文思维习惯。
　2). 借用英英字典养成良好的英文思维习惯。 　3). 坚持每天练习：3-5分钟做翻译(卡表做)，8-12分钟调整译文，结合词典、语法书对照答案。 　4). 可以每天做阅读中的难句一句。

47 Ex. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 要是他适合当校长，那么哪个学生都可以当。（no more…than） no more…than He is no more fit to be a headmaster than any schoolboy would be.

48 2. 至于她的父亲，她不敢肯定是否会接收她和她的小孩。(as for)
not sure whether As for her father, she is not sure whether he will accept her and her baby.

49 3. 晚睡会损害健康而早睡早起有益于健康。(undermine)
while Staying up late will undermine one’s health while going to bed early and getting up early will benefit it.

50 4. 大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候。(convey)
personally The ambassador personally conveyed the president’s message to the premier.

51 5. 这个女孩决定敞开心扉，把她看见的一切都告诉警方。(open up)
what she had seen The girl decided to open up and tell the police what she had seen.

52 6. 过量的运动对身体健康弊多利少，所以我们必须控制运动量。(do more harm than good) P.47
excessive do more harm than good Excessive exercises does more harm than good to one’s health. Therefore we must control the amount of exercise we do.

53 7. 他几次试图加入他们的谈话，但都由于胆小而放弃了。(make a few attempts to)
timidness He made a few attempts to join in their conversation, but he gave up out of timidness.

54 8. 就方便快捷而言，火车无法与飞机竞争。(in terms of)
Trains cannot compete with planes in terms of convenience and speed.

55 9. 就中美文化作一对比会有助于你尽快明白和适应在美国的学习环境。(a comparison of)
adapt to Making a comparison between Chinese and American cultures will help you to better understand and adapt to your study environment in the USA.

56 10. 在公共汽车上年轻人给老弱病残让座是中国人的传统美德。(yield)
yield their seats to It is a traditional Chinese virtue for the young on buses to yield their seats to the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled.

57 11. 她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(portray … as) P.126
wonder and discovery She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.

58 12. 试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人在工作中犯的错误要少。(fewer … than)
Experiments show committed Experiments showed that non-smokers committed fewer errors than smokers.

59 13.球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得胜利。（not … but）
be highly regarded Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.

60 14.尽管演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能抓住我们的注意力。(despite)
wonderful acting hold our attention Despite the wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.

61 15.王教授是我唯一指望能救我儿子的大夫．（rely on）
Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.

62 16.我们认为你的建议不恰当，应该放弃。(in place) P.132
give it up We don’t think your proposal quite in place, so you should give it up.

63 17.他到家时，发现家里只有一些老人和病人。(nothing but)
the aged and the sick When he arrived, he found nothing but the aged and the sick at home.

64 18.就这台发动机的状况而言，它即使能发动也是奇迹了。(given)
start Given the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it even starts.

65 19.从就业来说，旅馆业是这个国家的第二大产业。(in terms of)
industry employment In terms of employment, the hotel industry is the second largest industry in this country.

66 20.这个国家里,不管肤色如何，每一个人都有权住在他想住的地方。(regardless of)
the color of his skin Everyone in this country has the right to live where he wants to, regardless of the color of his skin.

67 21.虽然他说他为此事做了很多努力，但是他的成功至少部分是由于他运气好。(in part）P.151
the case due to Although he said he had done a lot for the case, his success was at least in part due to luck.

68 22.将要讨论的议题非常关键，因为它将决定很多人的未来。(issue)
critical determine The issue to be discussed is critical, because it will determine the future of many people.

69 23.我将尽量避免将我的观点强加于别人。(impose … on)
try my best to avoid I’ll try my best to avoid imposing my ideas on others.

70 24.在那种情况下，很少有人能够正视自己性格上的缺点。(rarely, face up to)
the defects in their own characters in such a situation Rarely can people face up to the defects in their own characters in such a situation.

71 25.大学生活被称为人的一生中最美丽的阶段。( refer to… as)
College life is referred to as the most beautiful period of one’s life.

72 26. 总的来讲，他是一个很有学问的人，尤其是在数学领域。但当涉及到政治时他就什么也不知道了。(when it comes to…) P
especially in the field of mathematic science Generally speaking Generally speaking he is quite learned, especially in the field of mathematic science. However, when it comes to the politics, he knows nothing.

73 27. 从他们对1000名没上过大学的工人进行的调查结果来看，高考的失利对他们的生活有着很深远的影响。(profound)
had a profound effect on ， According to the survey According to the survey they made of the 1000 workers who missed out on the chance to go to university, the failure in the college entrance examinations had a profound effect on their later life.

74 28.由于成本的提高，雇主们拒绝为雇员支付退休金。另一方面，雇员们也不愿意一辈子待在一家公司。(on the flip side)
Owing to the cost rise Owing to the cost rise, employers refuse to pay the retirement pension for their employees. On the flip side / on the other hand, employees are unwilling to stay in the same company for their whole lives.

75 29.既然你已经告诉我谁应该对此事负责，我就不再作进一步追查了。(pursue)
take the responsibility for the matter Since you have told me who should take the responsibility for the matter, I will not pursue any further.

76 30.即使是在最忙的季节，我也要每天尽量腾出半小时时间锻炼身体。(set aside)
even in the busiest season I will try to set aside half an hour each day to do some exercise even in the busiest season.

77 31.无论我们遇到什么样的困难， 我们都应该想办法克服它。(overcome) P.174
try our best to No matter No matter what difficulties we come across, we should try our best to overcome them.

78 32.尊老爱幼是中华民族传统的美德。(traditional)
Respecting the old and caring for the young Respecting the old and caring for the young is a traditional Chinese virtue.

79 33.今天，各行各业的人都在努力提高自己的知识水平以便跟上时代的发展。(all walks of life)
acquire more knowledge keep pace with the development of our times Today, people from all walks of life are trying to acquire more knowledge to keep pace with the development of our times.

80 34.孩子们特别喜欢卡通片。(have a fancy for; take a fancy to)
Children take a fancy to cartoons.

81 35.考虑到他们缺乏经验，这工作他们做得不错。(given that)
be lacking in experience/inexperienced/green hand Given that they are lacking in experience/inexperienced/green hand, they have done a good job.

82 36.不管你是喜欢还是厌恶，你都必须接受这个事实。(detest) P.181
come to terms with the fact Whether you like it or hate / detest it, you must come to terms with ( accept) the fact.

83 37.家长们抱怨孩子们总是整天迷恋于电视节目。（fascinate）
complain Parents always complain that their children are fascinated by TV programs all day long.

84 38.在一个全球化的世界里，任何一个国家和地区都不可能置身事外，避免外来文化和经济的影响和冲击。（escape ）
globalized world the impact of foreign culture and economy In a globalized world, no country or district can escape the impact of foreign culture and economy.

85 39.在你方便时请及早跟我联系。( at your earliest convenience)
Please contact me at your earliest convenience.

86 40.由于好来坞全球化策略的成功，世界各个角落的人们都可以看到美国电影和影碟，但同时本土的文化也受到美国文化的的影响。(suffer from the impact of)
Hollywood’s successful strategy of globalization the local culture Owing to Hollywood’s successful strategy of globalization, people in every corner of the world can watch American movies and DVDs, but meanwhile, it is unavoidable for the local culture to suffer from the impact of the American culture.

87 giving a second thought
41. 他无需认真考虑就可轻易击败对手。（giving a second thought: rethink / think quickly）P.68 giving a second thought He can beat his opponent easily without giving a second thought.

88 With little or no knowledge of
With little or no knowledge of driving, he drove the car onto the road.

89 43. 对这座桥梁的施工未经许可进行更改是违法的。（unauthorized）
It is illegal to make an unauthorized change in the construction of the bridge.

90 44. 我会平静地接受这个事实，因为我知道如果我完不成任务，全队就有可能面临失败。（chance）
chances were that I could accept this fact calmly because I knew if I weren’t able to finish the mission, chances were that the team would be defeated.

91 45. 偏远山区里的孩子们严重缺乏科学文化知识。 （lack in）
remote mountain areas lack in Children in remote mountain areas are lacking in scientific and cultural knowledge.

92 46. 在董事会议上他建议把这项轻松的工作留给身体不好的玛丽来做。(leave to) P.90
He suggested at the board meeting that the easy task (should) be left to Mary whose health is poor.

93 47. 目前正在香港的布朗先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来我校给学生上课。(who)
who is in Hong Kong now Mr. Brown, who is in Hong Kong now, has a lot of teaching experience and will come to teach our students in the spring.

94 48. 这家旅馆是我市最好的旅馆，吃的东西很好，服务质量也不错。（be true of:be applied to)
the same is true of This is the best hotel in our city: the food is good and the same is true of the service.

95 49. 为了吸引更多的乘客坐船，船长向所有乘客保证乘船旅游十分安全。(assure)
In order to assure In order to attract more passengers, the captain assured all the passengers of the safety of traveling by ship.

96 50. 他花了15万元买的那辆新车在一次事故中被严重损坏，已经无法修理了。（which, beyond）
seriously damaged beyond repair His new car, for which he paid ￥150000, was seriously damaged in an accident and was beyond repair.