Defining relative clauses

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1 Defining relative clauses
Grammar(1) Defining relative clauses

2 A matching game！！！ 2

3 Match the two sentences
1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _______________________________________ 2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese. 3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking. ____________________________________ 4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week. I’m reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates. He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese. I don’t like the man who is smoking. Where is the picture that you bought last week? 3

4 什么是定语从句呢？ 答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子

5 ______ ___ ________________ The man who lives next to us is a
policeman. ______ ___ ________________ 定语从句 先行词 关系词

6 ________________________ ______ ___
A detective is someone who looks for clues to something important. __________ ________________________ ______ ___ 先行词 定语从句 关系词 We are asking anyone who saw anything unusual near Corn Street last night to contact us. ____________ _________________________________ _____ __ 先行词 关系词 定语从句 We are now checking the scene for more clues which will help solve the case. ______ 先行词 ____ ___________________ 关系词 定语从句

7 关系代词： 指物：that , which 指人：who (主/宾格) , that, whom（宾格）
关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词: when, where, why 关系词 关系代词： 指物：that , which 指人：who (主/宾格) , that, whom（宾格）

8 关系代词that, which引导的定语从句:
如果先行词是表示物的名词或 代词，关系代词应用that、which. (作主语或宾语)

9 which / that (作主语） Practise: This is the house which is for sale.
This is a dream. The dream will never come true. This is a dream which/that will never come true. The dog has been found. The dog was lost. The dog which was lost has been found. Practise: This is the house which is for sale. 2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.

10 which / that （作宾语） This is the card. I’ve just received the card. This is the card which / that I’ve just got. ( ) （作宾语）

11 关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从句:
如果先行词是表示人的名词 或代词，关系代词应用who, that (作主语或宾语) whom (作宾语)

12 who / that 作主语. (不能省) This is the film star. The film star is very popular in China. This is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主语) / that The boy who broke the window is called Roy. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday? The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin.

13 who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略)
The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now. The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）

14 小结： that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。 which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略. who－ 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom） 注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。

15 ____________________ ____ _______________
Help Millie decide whether the following sentences contain defining relative clauses. The young man mentioned that he was going to visit his parents after work. 2. The elderly couple were very sad to hear that their only son was murdered. _______ 3. The police are now checking the scene for fingerprints and other clues that may help solve the case. _________ ________________ 先行词 定语从句 ______ _____ 4. There was probably more than one person who had something to do with the murder. ____________________ 先行词 定语从句 ____ _______________ 5. A man who had blood on his shirt was seen running down Corn Street. 先行词 定语从句 6. People hope that the police will catch the murderer soon.

16 It’s an invention ____________ is used for keeping off the rain .
which / that 16

17 《飘》 which / that Gone with the wind
It’s a book ____________was written by Margaret Mitchell. which / that 17

18 which / that It’s the Wall ____________ was built by Chinese people.
18

19 It’s an animal that/which….
19

20 It’s an animal that / which has big nose.

21 ____________________________
So far, the only suspect is a short thin man who was seen Running down Corn Street at 10 p.m. last night. ____________________________ ____________________ Anyone who can provide useful information should Contact the police. ______ We are now checking the scene for more clues which will help solve the case. __________

22 √ √ √ √ Who, which and that can be used as relative pronouns.
We use them to refer to people and / or things. Relative pronoun People Things who which that √ √ √ √ That and which refer to things. That is more usual than which.

23 Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空 The boy ____________ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people ______________ talk much but do little. The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful. who / that which/ that who / that which / that 23

24 当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.
whose 5. The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather. 6. Is there a student _________ father is a business man? 7. This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years. 8.I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now. whose which that 当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that. 24

25 有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：
当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody, nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。 That’s all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you? He answered few questions that the teacher asked. 2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

26 The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.
3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。 That’s the only thing that I can do now. These are the very words that he used. 4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who. Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost ?

27 5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.
The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.

28 当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.
Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things ______ they couldn’t remember. Say all ________ you know. Is there anything ______ I can do for you? that that that 当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that. 28

29 当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.
4.This is the first play ________ I have seen since I came here. 5. This is the best novel _______ I have read. that that 当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that. 6.Who is the girl _______is standing under the tree? 7. Which is the machine ____ we used last Sunday. that that 当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that. 29