Section 2 The Cranial Nerves(脑神经)

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1 Section 2 The Cranial Nerves(脑神经)
I. Olfactory n. (嗅神经) II. Optic n. (视神经) III. Oculomotor n. (动眼神经) IV. Trochlear n. (滑车神经) V. Trigeminal n. (三叉神经) VI. Abducent n. (展神经) VII. Facial n. (面神经) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

2 一嗅二视三动眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八听九舌咽，
The Cranial Nerves VIII. Vestibulocochlear n. (前庭蜗神经) (位听神经) IX. Glossopharyngeal n. (舌咽神经) X. Vagus n. (迷走神经) XI. Accessory n. (副神经) XII. Hypoglossal n. (舌下神经) 一嗅二视三动眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八听九舌咽， 十是迷走十一副，再加舌下十二全。 Oh. oh. oh. to touch and feel very green vegetables—AH! Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

3 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Introduction A. Classification of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory nerves (感觉神经): I, II, VIII. 2. Motor nerves (运动神经): III, IV, VI, XI, XII. 3. Mixed nerves (混合神经): V, VII, IX, X. Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

4 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Introduction B. Components of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory (afferent) fibers [感觉(传入) 纤维]  1) general somatic sensory fiber (GSA) (一般躯体感觉纤维): skin nerve endings (皮肤神经末稍) muscle spindles (肌梭) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

5 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Introduction  2) special somatic sensory fiber (SSA) (特殊躯体感觉纤维): visual (视), hearing (听), balance organs (平衡) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

6 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Introduction  3) general visceral sensory fiber (GVA) (一般内脏感觉纤维): all viscera (全部内脏)  4) special visceral sensory fiber (SVA) (特殊内脏感觉纤维): olfactory (嗅器) and taste (味器) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

7 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Introduction 2. Motor (efferent) fibers [运动 (传出）纤维]  1) general somatic motor fiber (GSE) (一般躯体运动纤维): muscles of the eye and tongue (眼外肌和舌肌) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

8 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Introduction  2) general visceral motor fiber (GVE) (一般内脏运动纤维):  smooth mm. (平滑肌), cardiac mm. (心肌), glands (腺体) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

9 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Introduction  3) special visceral motor fiber (SVE) (特殊内脏运动): skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch (源与鳃弓的骨骼肌) I 鳃弓  咀嚼肌 II 鳃弓  面肌 III-VII 鳃弓  咽喉肌, 胸锁乳突肌,斜方肌 Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

10 I. The Olfactory Nerve (嗅神经) SVA
cells (嗅细胞) within the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity (在鼻腔内嗅区上皮) olfactory bulb (嗅球) olfactory filaments (I) (嗅丝) cribriform foramina [anosmia 嗅觉丧失] [hyposmia 嗅觉减退] Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

11  II. The Optic Nerve (视神经) SSA
chiasma (视交叉) rod cells (视杆细胞) cone cells (视锥细胞) ganglionic cells (节细胞) bipolar cells (双极细胞) II optic canal (视神经管) [total blindness 全盲] photoreceptor cells (感光细胞) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

12  Ⅲ. The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经) GSE, GVE
superior rectus levator palpebrae superioris (上直肌,上睑提肌) midbrain （中脑） 脚间窝 III superior branch(上支) III inferior branch(下支) inferior rectus medial rectus inferior oblique (下直肌,内直肌,下斜肌) superior orbital fissure (眶上裂) sphincter pupil, ciliary m. (瞳孔括约肌,睫状肌) [strabismus 斜视] [损伤:眼睑下垂, 瞳孔扩大 , 眼球转向外下, 复视] Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

13 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
 Ⅲ. The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经) GSE, GVE Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

14  Ⅳ. The Trochlear Nerve (滑车神经) GSE
midbrain (中脑) 背侧 sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂) superior oblique （上斜肌） IV Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

15  Ⅴ. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经) GSA, SVE
lacrim. n(泪腺) lacrimal gland(泪腺) frontal (额) n 眶上神经 额皮 V ganglion (三叉神 经节) 滑车上神经 ophthalmic n (眼神经) nasociliary(鼻睫) n 鼻背,腔,筛窦,眼球 pons (脑桥) infraorbital(眶下) n 眼口间皮肤 V maxillary n (上颌神经) Zygomatic n.(颧神经) 颧部皮肤 sup. alveolar(上牙槽) n 上牙,牙龈 mandibular nerve (下颌n) auriculotemporal n 颞部皮肤 buccal (颊) n 颊部皮肤,粘膜 VII lingual (舌) n 舌前 2/3 一般感觉 [trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神经痛] [trigeminal nerve block 三叉神经封闭] Taste.舌前2/3味觉 鼓索 inf. alveolar n mental 颏n 下唇皮肤 lower teeth下牙,牙龈 下颌舌骨肌N mastic.mm.咀嚼肌 masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

16 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
 Ⅴ. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经) GSA, SVE Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

17 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
 Ⅴ. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经) GSA, SVE Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

18 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
 Ⅴ. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经) GSA, SVE V1 V2 V3 Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

19  Ⅵ. The Abducent Nerve (展神经) GSE
sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂) pons （脑桥） lateral rectus （外直肌） VI [strabismus 斜视] [diplopia (double vision) 复视] Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

20 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Summary of CN I - VI CN I. The Olfactory Nerve (SVA) olfactory bulb  I olfactory filaments (I)  olfactory cells CN II. The Optic Nerve (SSA) optic chiasma  II  ganglionic cells  bipolar cells  rod & cone cells CN III. The Oculomotor Nerve (GSE,GVE)  superior br.  superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris  inferior br.  inf. rectus, medial rectus, & inferior oblique CN IV. The Trochlear Nerve (GSE) midbrain  IV  superior oblique CN V. The Trigeminal Nerve (GSA,GVA,SVE) Ⅴganglion 1.  ophthalmic n. (V1)  lacrimal n.  lacrimal gland  frontal n.  supraorbital n.  frontal skin  supratrochlear n.  frontal skin  nasociliary n.  nose, eyeball, & ethmoidal sinus Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

21 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Summary of CN I - VI 2.  maxillary n. (V2)  infraorbital n.  skin between eye and mouth  zygomatic n.  zygomatic skin  pterygopalatine n.  nasal cavity, palatine & tonsil  superior alveolar n.  superior teeth 3  mandibular n. (V3)  auriculotemporal n.  temporal skin  buccal n.  buccal skin and mucosa  lingual n.  anterior 2/3 part of tongue  inferior alveolar n.  mental n. mental skin  inferior teeth, gingiva  submandibular ganglion  mylohyoid and digastric mm.  masticatory branches  masticatory mm. CN VI. The Abducent Nerve (GSE) pons  VI  lateral rectus Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

22  VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE
internal acoustic pore V1 lacrimal n pons (脑桥) 延髓沟 geniculate ganglion (膝神经节) lacrimal gland nasal glands palatine glands (泪,鼻腔,腭腺) greater petrosal n (岩大神经) pterygo- palatine ganglion 腭,蝶腭N VII VII stapedial n (镫骨肌神经) stapedius (镫骨肌) taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue (舌前味觉) [facial paralysis 面神经瘫] spasm 面痉挛] tympanic chord(鼓索) lingual n(舌神经) temporal branches (颞支) submandibular gland, sublingual gland (下颌下腺,舌下腺) zygomatic branches (颧支) stylomastoid foramen buccal branches (颊支) marginal mandibul. br(下颌缘) facial mm. (面肌) cervical branch (颈支) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

23 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
 VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

24 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
 VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

25  Ⅷ. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蜗神经) SSA
maculae of saccule(椭圆囊) utricle(球囊) ampullary crest(壶腹嵴) brain stem (脑干) 延髓脑桥沟 vestibular ganglion (前庭神经节) vestibular n. (前庭神经) 头位置 cochlear n. (蜗神经) spiral ganglion (螺旋神经节) 听觉 spiral organs （螺旋器） Int.acous. meatus & pore (内耳道,内耳门) [nervous deafness 神经性耳聋] Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

26 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
 Ⅷ. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蜗神经) SSA Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

27  Ⅸ. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神经)
medulla oblongata (延髓) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA IX sup. ganglion jugular foramen otic gang parotid gland(腮腺) inf. ganglion tympanic n(鼓室) carotid sinus branch carotid sinus & glomus post. 1/3 of tongue (taste & other sensory) lingual br (舌支) pharyngeal branch(咽支) pharynx pharyngeal mm. stylopharyngeal br (茎突咽肌支) stylopharyn.(茎突咽肌) palatine tonsil(腭扁桃体) tonsillar br.(扁桃体支) post.auricular br(耳后支) post. auricul. skin(耳后皮肤) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

28 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
 Ⅸ. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神经) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

29  Ⅹ. The Vagus Nerve (迷走神经) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA
jugular foramen medulla oblongata X L R sup. ganglion 耳支耳廓,硬脑膜 ext.br.(外支) cricothyroideus(环甲肌) sup.laryng.n(喉上N) int.br.(内支) laryn.mucosa(喉粘膜) inf. ganglion phary.br.(咽支) phary.mm(咽肌) & mucosa(粘膜) C sup.cerv.card.br.(颈上心支) cardiac plexus (心丛) heart mm (心肌) sense inf.cerv.card.br.(颈下心支) trac. br(气管支) 气管腺,肌 & mucosa(粘膜) rec.laryng. n.(喉返N) esoph.br(食管支) 食管腺,肌 & mucosa(粘膜) inf.laryng.n(喉下N) laryng.mm喉肌 & mucosa(粘膜) T bronc.br.(支气管支) pulmonary plx 支气管腺,肌 & mucosa(粘膜) esophag.br.(食管支) esoph. plx 食管腺,肌 & mucosa(粘膜) hepat.br.(肝支) hepat. plx 肝腺,肌 sens ant.vagal tr.(前干) ant.gast.br(胃前支) gast. plx 胃腺,肌 sens A post.vagal tr.(后干) post.gast.br(胃后支) gast. plx 胃腺,肌 sens celiac br.(腹腔支) celiac plx 肠腺,肌 sens Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

30 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
 Ⅹ. The Vagus Nerve (迷走神经) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

31  XI. The Accessory Nerve (副神经) SVE
medulla oblongata (脑干) X pharyngeal mm. laryngeal mm(咽喉肌) cranial root (颅根) spinal cord (脊髓) spinal root(脊根)XI sterno-cleido-mastoideus (胸锁乳突肌) trapezius(斜方肌) jugular foramen Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

32  XII. The Hypoglossal Nerve (舌下神经) GSE
medulla oblongata (延髓) [paralysis of tongue mm. 舌肌瘫痪] (伸舌时舌歪向患侧) XII hypo- glossal canal 舌下 神经管 mm of tongue (舌肌) lingual branches(舌支) descending br(降支) ansa cervicalis (颈袢) infrahyoid mm (舌骨下肌群) cervical plexus (颈丛) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

33 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Summary of CN VII - XII CN VII. The Facial Nerve (SVE,GVE,SVA,GSA) pons VII  geniculate ganglion deep petrosal n.   greater petrosal n.  n. of pterygoid canal  pterygopalatine ganglion  lacrimal gland 1.  stapedial nerve  stapedius 2.  tympanic chord  lingual n.  taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue  ganglion submandibular & sublingual gland 3.  temporal branches  frontal muscle, orbicularis oculi 4.  zygomatic branches  zygomaticus, orbicularis oculi 5.  buccal branches  buccinator, muscles around the mouth 6.  marginal mandibular branch  muscles of lower lip 7.  cervical branch  platysma 8.  posterior auricular n.  auricular muscles and occipitalis CN VIII. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (SSA) 1.  vestibular n.  vestibular ganglion  maculae of saccule & utricle, ampullary crest 2.  cochlear n.  cochlear ganglion  spiral organs Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

34 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Summary of CN VII - XII CN IX. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve ) (SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA) superior ganglion parotid gland otic ganglion │  inferior ganglion  tympanic n.  tympanic plexus  lessor petrosal n 1.  carotid sinus branch  carotid sinus & carotid glomus 2.  lingual branches  posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste and other sensory) 3.  pharyngeal branch  pharyngeal mucous  4.  stylopharyngeal branch  stylopharyngeus 5.  tonsillar branch  palatine tonsil 6.  posterior auricular branch  posterior auricular skin CN XI. The Accessory Nerve (SVE) medulla oblongata  XI  sternocleidomastoideus & trapezius CN XII. The Hypoglossal Nerve (GSE) medulla oblongata  XII 1.  lingual branches  muscles of tongue 2. descending branch  ansa cervicalis  infrahyoid muscles Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University

35 Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
Summary of CN VII - XII CN X. The Vagus Nerve (GVE,SVE,GVA,GSA) superior ganglion │ inferior ganglion  1. superior laryngeal n  external br.  cricothyroideus  internal br.  laryngeal mucosa 2.  pharyngeal br.  pharyngeal muscles & mucosa 3.  superior cervical cardiac branch  cardiac plexus  heart 4.  inferior cervical cardiac branch  cardiac plexus  heart 5.  recurrent laryngeal n.  tracheal & esophageal brs.  esophageal plexus  inferior laryngeal n.  laryngeal muscles & mucosa  6.  bronchial branch  pulmonary plexus  lung esophagus 7.  esophageal branch  esophageal plexus  esophagus 8. L. ant. vagal trunk  anterior gastric brs.  gastric muscles & mucosa  hepatic branch  liver 9. R. post. vagal trunk  celiac brs.  celiac plexus  abdominal organs  posterior gastric branches  gastric muscles & mucosa Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University