Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气.

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1 Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气

2 1.英语动词有三种语气: 陈述语气， 祈使语气和虚拟语气。 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事 实，或者是不可能发生的情况,而 是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气 叫虚拟语气。

3 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
真实条件句  　　真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain　 B. rains C. rained D. is rained B

4 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.
在条件句中的应用 　　 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. If my brother were here, everything would be all right.

5 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形
1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。 If I were you, I would try it again. 2.如果他有空，他会与你一起去的。 If he were free, he would go with you. 3.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。 If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.

6 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might
+动词完成式（have done） 1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。 If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination. 2.如果他那时在那儿的话，他就能看到那部电影了。 If he had been there, he could have seen the film 3.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。 If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.

7 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)
If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/ could/might +动词原形 1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事. If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it. 2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他. If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.

8 一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。 现在 过去 过去完成时 未来 1.过去时 2.should+V. 3. were to do
一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。 条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 would/could/should/might +V.（原） 现在 过去时（were） 过去 过去完成时 would/could/should/might+have+p.p. 1.过去时 2.should+V. 3. were to do 未来 would/could/should/might +V.（原）

9 条件状语的倒装： 如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他
If I were you, I would try it again. Were I you, I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.

10 1.My Dad doesn’t have enough money, so he
can’t buy a car. My Dad would be able to buy a car if he had enough money. 2. I have piles of work to do, therefore I cannot relax. If I didn’t have piles of work to do, I would be able to relax.

11 3.He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.　 4： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.　 If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.

12 5. Ben drove too fast on his way to Florida
and had a traffic accident. If he hadn’t driven too fast on his way to Florida, Ben wouldn’t have had a traffic accident.

13 swimming Zone drowned in the river.
1. The boy who went swimming in the No- swimming Zone drowned in the river. If the boy hadn’t gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone, he wouldn’t have drowned in the river. Had the boy not gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone, he wouldn’t have drowned in the river.

14 2. Billy was badly bitten by mosquitoes
because he forgot to use the mosquito net last night. If Billy had remembered to use the mosquito net last night, he would not have been bitten by… Had Billy remembered to use the mosquito net last night, he would not have been bitten by…

15 3. The mother carelessly put the knife within
the baby’s reach, and the baby cut herself while playing it. If the mother had carefully put the knife out of the baby’s reach, the baby wouldn’t have cut herself. Had the mother carefully put the knife out of the baby’s reach, the baby wouldn’t have cut herself.

16 4.The students got food-poisoning after eating
the potatoes in the dining-room. If the students had not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room, they wouldn’t have got food-poisoning. Had the students not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room, they wouldn’t have got food-poisoning.

17 5. The parents put the thermos on the ground.
Their son kicked it and got burnt. If the parents had put the thermos in a safe place, their son wouldn’t have kicked it and got burnt. Had the parents put the thermos in a safe place, their son wouldn’t have kicked it and got burnt.

18 wish引导的虚拟句

19 wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 did/were wish + that clause had done
would / might /would do 我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了） I wish I remembered the address. 要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开） I wish he had not left. 要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨） I wish it would rain tomorrow.

20 They talked as if they had been friends for years.
现在： 过去： 过去时 2. as if /though + clause 过去完成时 She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. They talked as if they had been friends for years.

21 Exercises: A A. had B. did C. have D. will C C
“ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _______.” A A. had B. did C. have D. will C I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____there. A. was B. were C. had been D. went C I wish I _________ you yesterday. A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see

22 A B The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I
___________to it. A A. hadn’t gone B. haven’t gone C. didn’t go D. could not have gone B How I wish I __________that! Everybody present was angry with me. A. didn’t go B. hadn’t done C. wouldn’t do D. wasn’t doing

23 B D -----He is a brave man. -----Yes, I wish I _________his courage.
A. Have B. had C. will have D. would have Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _____me how. D A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach

24 C D A 1.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it
looks as if it __________. C A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 2.The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _______ a young man. D A. is B. will be C. am D. were 3.The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _______rain. A A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would

25 B B C C How I wish I _________such a good chance before.
A. didn’t see B. hadn’t missed C. met D. have got I wish the rain _________stop. B A. will B. would C. may D. can C She sings as if she _________a boy. A. is B. was C. were D. are C We felt as if we _________each other for years. A. knew B. were knowing C. had known D. have knowing

26 A C If you __________tomorrow, you _________
find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. would come; would C. will come; should D. comes; might C If the parents ______at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved. A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrived

27 D A I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she
__________, she would have met my brother. D A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come A If my lawyer _______here last Sunday, he _______ me from going . A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented

28 B If he _________he ___________that food. immediately.
Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not have taken B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken

29 D If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child __________.
A. wouldn’t be lying there for two hours B. wouldn’t have laid there for two hours C. wouldn’t have lied there for two hours D. wouldn’t have lain there for two hours

30 D If you had told me in advance, I __________him at the airport.
A. would meet B. would had meet C. would have met D. would have meet D If there were nor subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier. A. Will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be

31 B C B _________the exam, he would have attend a college.
A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass C _______five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive ________it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum. B A. Were B. should C. would D. will

32 If I _______ the wrong bus, I wouldn’t
have missed the contest held on Sundays. A. didn’t take B. hadn’t taken C. shouldn’t take D. shouldn’t have taken If I _______ enough money, I might make a trip to Hong Kong next month. A.have B . will have C. would have D. should have B D

33 I would be doing a different job if
I _______ French at college. A. was learning B. should learn C. learnt D. had learnt –It is a pity that you missed yesterday’s film. ---Yes. I really wish I ________ time to have gone with you A. have B. had C. had had D. should have D C

34 He talks and talks from morning till night
every day as if he ________ everything in the world. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. should know B

35 名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词

36 suggest, order, demand, propose, command,
request, desire, insist, require etc.引导的宾 语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should) + v原的形 式出现。 We all suggest that he ( should ) finish his homework first. The captain commanded that all the sailors ( should ) get down to work at once.

37 It’s suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed,
commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required ) that … 后面的主语从句中要使用 虚拟语气，也以 ( should )+ v原.的形式出 现。 It’s ordered that only German ( should ) be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin. It’s requested that all the students ( should ) wear school uniforms at school.

38 以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句 和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should) + v原. 的形式出现。 My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before coming here. His request that his cost ( should ) be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.

39 现在： 过去： 未来： 过去时 3. would rather …. 过去完成时 过去时 I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone yesterday, too. Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.

40 过去时 4.It’s (about/high) time +that --- should +V. It’s high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go. 你该走了。 我们该去 睡觉了。 It’s time that we went to bed. It’s time that we should go to bed.

41 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 We suggested that Tom have a rest. He insisted that I (should )be present. The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.

42 5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。 宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命 令，三个建议，四个要求。即 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用 法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原 形，或者将should省略。

43 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。
order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire

44 It’s suggested that the plan be carried out.
My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.

45 3.He suggested that we________(have) a meeting at once.
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody ____________(obey) the rules. 2.He insisted that he______(be)seriously ill and that _________(send) to hospitals at once. 3.He suggested that we________(have) a meeting at once. 4.His pale face suggested that he______(be) ill. (should) obey was be sent have was

46 Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
6.without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是 Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.

47 7. If only …要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadn’t missed the train!

48 It is necessary that we ( should ) master a foreign language.
8. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形 It is necessary that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.

49 9. 某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the People’s Republic of China!

50 三： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.

51 2.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.

52 If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?

53 典型例题 There was plenty of time. She _______. A. mustn‘t have hurried B
典型例题 There was plenty of time. She _______ A. mustn‘t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried　C. must not hurry　 D. needn't have hurried 答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而实际上不必要。 mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）