美国文学课程教学方法 以《美国文学选读》（第二版）为例

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1 美国文学课程教学方法 以《美国文学选读》（第二版）为例
美国文学课程教学方法 以《美国文学选读》（第二版）为例

2 程朝翔编 教学资料，请勿复制。 北京大学英语系 2005年7月

3 编者介绍 陶洁教授：美国文学史 程朝翔教授：美国戏剧 刘建华教授：美国文学史（美国小说） 刘树森教授：美国诗歌 沈弘教授：英美诗歌
张世耘副教授：美国研究

4 Contents Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
The Autobiography　(Excerpt) Unit 2 Edgar Allan Poe ( ) The Cask of Amontillado Unit 3 Ralph Waldo Emerson ( ) Self-Reliance (Excerpt) Unit 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne ( ) The Scarlet Letter—Chapter 2 Unit 5 Herman Melville ( ) Moby Dick—Chapter 41 (Excerpt)

5 Unit 6 Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
Walden—Chapter 2 (Excerpt) Unit th-Century American Poets Henry Wadsworth Longfellew ( ) *Edgar Allan Poe（ ) Walt Whitman ( ) Emily Dickinson ( ) Unit 8 Mark Twain ( ) The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County

6 *Unit 9 Henry James ( ) The Jolly Corner *Unit 10 Stephen Crane ( ) The Open Boat *Unit 11 Willa Cather ( ) Miss Jewett *Unit 12 Sherwood Anderson ( ) The Triumph of the Egg Unit Katherine Anne Porter ( ) The Jilting of Granny Weatherall

7 Unit 14 F. Scott Fitzgerald (1890-1940)
The Great Gatsby—Chapter 9 Unit William Faulkner ( ) Barn Burning Unit Earnest Hemingway ( ) A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Unit th-Century American Poets (I) Ezra Pound ( ) Wallace Stevens ( ) William Carlos Williams ( ) Langston Hughes ( ) *Archibald MacLeish ( )

8 Unit 18 Eugene O’Neill (1888-1953) Desire Under the Elms—Scene IV
Unit Elwyn Brooks White ( ) Once More to the Lake *Unit 20 Tennessee Williams ( ) A Streetcar Named Desire—Scene Unit Ralph Ellison ( ) Invisible Man—Chapter 1

9 Unit 22 20th-Century American Poets (II)
Robert Lowell ( ) *Elizabeth Bishop ( ) Theodore Roethke ( ) Allen Ginsburg ( ) Sylvia Plath ( ) Robert Hayden ( ) *Robert Bly (1926-) Maya Angelou (1928- )

10 Unit Arthur Miller (1915- ) Death of a Salesman—Scene II (Excerpt) Unit Saul Bellow (1915- ) Looking for Mr. Green Unit Joseph Heller ( ) Catch-22—Chapter 4 Unit Toni Morrison (1931- ) Recitattif

11 第二版增加的内容 1) 增加了5个单元，4位诗人； 2) 增加经典作家和作品： 3) 增加从较新角度解读的作家和作品：
Unit 9 Henry James：　The Jolly Corner Unit 10 Stephen Crane: The Open Boat Unit 12 Sherwood Anderson：The Triumph of the Egg 3) 增加从较新角度解读的作家和作品： Unit 11 Willa Cather: Miss Jewett Unit 20 Tennessee Williams: A Streetcar Named Desire

12 阅读角度 1. 文学史的角度 (Historical Survey) 2. 文学体裁的角度
(Genres: Prose/Fiction, Poetry, Drama) 3. 文学批评的角度 4. 文学理论的角度 5. 理论之后的角度

13 北大英语系课程（本科必修） 美国文学史与选读：本课程系统介绍美国文学从殖民时期到20世纪60年代的发展过程．通过阅读不同历史时期重要作家的经典著作，帮助学生不仅提高时文学作品的理解和鉴赏能力 并且了解美国文学的特点、重要的流派、主题和思想以及产生不同类别文学作品的美国文化、经济和政治 。 教材： George McMichaet Macmillan Anthology of American Literature Macmillan 1985 Baym, Nina, ed. Norton Anthology of American Literature. Shorter Fourth Edition. New York and London: Norton, 1995.

14 Survey of American Literature
1: Colonials to Revolutionaries ( ) Bradford, Bradstreet, Edwards, Franklin, Jefferson, Mather, Paine, Wheatley. 2: An Age of Renaissance ( ) Emerson, Hawthorne, Irving, Melville, Poe, Thoreau, Whitman. 3: Probing Reality ( ) Adams, Dickinson, Dreiser, Howells, James, Sinclair, Twain. 4: Between the Wars ( ) Anderson, Fitzgerald, Hemingway, O'Neill, Pound, Sandburg, Wright. 5: After the War (1945-present) Bellow, Ellison, Heller, Kerouac, Mailer, Roth, Salinger, Williams.

15 Genres: Drama Tragedy (serious drama) Comedy
Characters (dramatis personae) Setting Dramatic action (plot) Stage direction Exposition

16 Tragedy, Aristotle’s Definition
Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation (catharsis) of these emotions. There remains, then, the character between these two extremes --- that of a man who is not eminently good and just, yet whose misfortune is brought about not by vice or depravity, but by some error or frailty. He must be one who is highly renowned and prosperous --- a personage like Oedipus, Thyestes, or other illustrious men of such families.

17 hubris , also spelled HYBRIS,
in classical Greek ethical and religious thought, overweening presumption suggesting impious disregard of the limits governing human action in an orderly universe. It is the sin to which the great and gifted are most susceptible, and in Greek tragedy it is usually the hero's tragic flaw. Perhaps the simplest example occurs in the Persians of Aeschylus, in which the arrogance of Xerxes in building a bridge of ships across the Hellespont flaunts nature by turning sea into land. He is punished by the crushing defeat of the Persians at Salamis. In most other Greek tragedies the hero's hubris is more subtle, and sometimes he appears wholly blameless. (Copyright Encyclopaedia Britannica)

18 hamartia (from Greek hamartanein, "to err"), also called TRAGIC FLAW
inherent defect or shortcoming in the hero of a tragedy, who is in other respects a superior being favoured by fortune. Aristotle introduced the term casually in the Poetics in describing the tragic hero as a man of noble rank and nature whose misfortune is not brought about by villainy but by some "error of judgment" (hamartia). This imperfection later came to be interpreted as a moral flaw, such as Othello's jealousy or Hamlet's irresolution, although most great tragedies defy such a simple interpretation. Most importantly, the hero's suffering and its far-reaching reverberations are far out of proportion to his flaw. An element of cosmic collusion among the hero's flaw, chance, necessity, and other external forces is essential to bring about the tragic catastrophe. (see also Index: Aristotelian criticism, Shakespeare, William)

19 Tragedy and the Common Man
I believe that the common man is as apt a subject for tragedy in its highest sense as kings were. On the face of it this ought to be obvious in the light of modern psychiatry, which bases its analysis upon classific formulations, such as the Oedipus and Orestes complexes, for instance, which were enacted by royal beings, but which apply to everyone in similar emotional situations.  

20 Literary Criticism 剑桥文学指南丛书 阿瑟·密勒 Christopher Bigsby2001年7月
埃兹拉·庞德 Ira B. Nadel2001年7月 赫尔曼·麦尔维尔 Robert S. Levine2001年7月 艾米莉·狄金森 Wendy Martin 编2004年8 爱伦·坡 Kevin J. Hayes 编2004年8月 爱默生 Joel Porte & Saundra Morris 编2004年8月  厄内斯特·海明威 Scott Donaldson2000年12月 亨利·戴维·梭罗 Joel Myerson2000年12月 亨利·詹姆斯 Jonathan Freedman2000年12月 罗伯特·弗罗斯特 Robert Faggen 编2004年8月 美国现实主义和自然主义 Donald Pizer2000年12月 美国犹太文学 Michael P. Kramer & Hana Wirth-nesher 编2004年8月

21 Literary Theory Realism Romanticism Expressionism Feminism Modernism
Multiculturalism/Politically Correct ---Race, Class and Gender

22 Post-Theoretical Perspective
Biographical Studies; Eco criticism; Digital media; Performance study.

23 Digital Media DVD: Interactive Private Viewing Longer Viewed at Random

24 Internet More accessible Amateur/Specialist/Hacker
Intellectual Property Right/Public Domain Unbalanced Development

25 Different Eras Max Weber:
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism Pekka Himanen: The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the Information Age

26 Emerson Internet Resources
Complete Works: Texts:

27 Ralph Waldo Emerson Emerson: Biographies Emerson by Paul More Emerson Pictures Thumbnails Emerson: Works Emerson: Essays Emerson: Poems Emerson: More Works Emerson: Analysis Review: Nature About Self-Reliance Spiritual Emerson Emerson: Quotes Emerson: Quote Sites Success Emerson: Bibliography Emerson: Books Emerson: Related Emerson: Commercial

28 Thoreau: Where I Lived, and What I Lived For
With this more substantial shelter about me, I had made some progress toward settling in the world. This frame, so slightly clad, was a sort of crystallization around me, and reacted on the builder. It was suggestive somewhat as a picture in outlines. I did not need to go outdoors to take the air, for the atmosphere within had lost none of its freshness. It was not so much within-doors as behind a door where I sat, even in the rainiest weather. The Harivansa[i] says, “An abode without birds is like a meat without seasoning.” Such was not my abode, for I found myself suddenly neighbor to the birds; not by having imprisoned one, but having caged myself near them. [i] Harivansa（哈利梵萨）：印度5世纪的宗教史诗。

29 I was not only nearer to some of those which commonly frequent the garden and the orchard, but to those wilder and more thrilling songsters of the forest which never, or rarely, serenade a villager, --- the wood thrush, the veery, the scarlet tanager, the field sparrow, the whip-poor-will, and many others.