31《动词的语态》.

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1 31《动词的语态》

2 Passive Voice 被动语态

3 Lead in are used Rockets ________ (use) to send up satellites．

4 污染图 are being polluted The air and the water _________

5 砍伐图 will be washed Soil ____________ (wash) away． are being cut
Trees ___________(cut) down．

6 拳击图 has been beaten A boxer _____________(beat) down．

7 双子楼图 were attacked The twin towers ___________ (attack) in 2001．

8 生病图 have been infected The boy may _______________ (infect) with AIDS．

9 表格：被动态基本结构 时态 被动语态结构 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时
am/is/are done was/were done am/is/are being done was/were being done shall/will be done would be done have/has been done had been done

10 Oral practice-主动句改被动句
Oral practice--1. Change each sentence into passive voice: A car knocked him down yesterday. Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team． When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree． Oral practice-主动句改被动句 He was knocked down by a car…． The medical team is made up of…． A fallen tree was being cut up…．

11 4)We’ll put on the play next Sunday．
5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school． 6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year． The play will be put on next Sunday． A new teaching building is being built…． The railway had been completed by the end of last year．

12 7)We should protect the earth．
8)You need to paint the wall． 9) My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday． I A gift The earth should be protected． The wall needs to be painted． I was given a gift on my birthday． A gift was given to me on my birthday.

13 10)We always keep the room clean．
11)We often hear him play guitar． 12)They saw a boy flying a kite． The room is always kept clean． He is often heard to play guitar． A boy was seen flying a kite．

14 Correcting mistake 2.Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:
1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball． 2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university． 3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted? Correcting mistake were hurt was sent will last

15 4)A fire was broken out last night．
5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before． 6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital． broke out had been damaged is now being built

16 7)Class is begun at 7:30 every day．
8)His plan is sounded good． 9)Your coat needs being washed． begins sounds to be washed / washing

17 主动式表被动义 主动式表被动义 The books ____ well． A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold This kind of cloth ____ easily． A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed B C

18 动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。
read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…

19 The fish is not fit _______(eat)．
We find English hard _______(learn)． The article is difficult ___________ (understand). to eat to learn to understand

20 不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。
difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…

21 to do to read I have a lot of homework ______(do)．
I’ll give him some books ______(read)． to do to read

22 不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。

23 表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。
(look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,...) The steel feels cold． 表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。 2) 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。 (begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,...) The shop opens at 6 am. every day．

24 表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义
(read,write,set,sell,wash, clean, wear, open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink,...) The pen writes smoothly． 表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义 4) 作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。 Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed．

25 5) 不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。
(difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy, dangerous, safe,...) The fish is not fit to eat．

26 6) 不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义;
但若用在there be结构中，主动、被动均可（口语中常用主动式）。 I have a lot of homework to do． There are many things to do/to be done．

27 7) be to blame表示“应受批评,责备”，用主动式表被动义。
The boy is to blame for what he has done． 8)不及物动词和一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态。 rise,happen,succeed,remain,... take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to,...

28 加to/for 含双宾语的主动句变被动句，一般变间接宾语(指人)为主语较多。若把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语前加上适当的介词。 在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前加to: bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, sell,show,pay,promise,take,teach, etc. 在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前加for: buy,build,cook,cut,choose,find,fetch,do,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,sing,etc.

29 A new shirt was bought ____ me．
The magazine was passed on ____ him. Those books were sold ____ Tom at 5 dollars each． Another piece of music was played ____ the patients． The cup with mixture was showed ____ the class． A good dinner has been ordered ____ the guests. for to to for to for

30 带双宾语的主动句改被动 注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。

31 Multiple choice B 1.An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week． A．are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D．will hold

32 2. I’m sorry,sir．Your recorder isn’t ready yet．It ____ in the factory．
is being repaired is repaired has been repaired hasn’t been repaired A

33 C 3．Every possible means ____, but none ____ successful． A. has tried; has proved B．tried; proves C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved

34 4．The question he asked is hard ____ ．
A. for answer B. to answer C．to be answered D. answering B

35 5．In warm weather, fruit and meat ____ long．
cannot be kept don’t keep mustn’t keep is not kept A

36 B 6．He received a telegram ____: “Mother ill”． A．written B. reading C. said D. writing

37 7. --Did you hand him the letter yesterday?
--No, I ____ to him． brought it took it had it sent carried it C

38 A 8．Alice had a dress ____ last week． A．made B. make C. to be made D. to make

39 9．The teacher couldn’t make him ____ attention to because the students were so noisy.
pay paid to pay to be paid B

40 10.--When will the lecture begin?
--When the students ____． A．have sat B．sat down C．will sit D．are seated D

41 Quiz 1 Quiz 1 1. The steel _____ cold． A. is felt B. was feeling C
C. feels D. is being felt 2. His plan _____ good． A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounded D. sounds C D

42 Quiz 2 Quiz 2 The shop _____ at 6 am. every day． A. opens B. opened A
C. is opened D. is opening Work _____ at 7 pm. today． A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had ended A B

43 Quiz 3 The pen ______ smoothly． A. was wrote B. writes
C. has writing D. is written This coat _____ easily． A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed B C

44 Quiz 4 washing Your jacket needs ________(wash)．
The house requires ________(repair)． repairing

45 Quiz 5 The fish is not fit _______(eat)．
We find English difficult _________ (learn)． to eat to learn

46 Quiz 6 I have much homework ______(do)．
I’ll give the boy some books _______(read)． to do to read

47 Quiz 7 to do to be done There are many things ______(do)． The boy is ________(blame) for what he has done． 口语中常用主动式 to blame

48 One day, Lily was having a sleep beside a hollow log when suddenly she was waken up by the sound of her cell phone. While answering the phone, she was hit on the head by a ball．It was Tom! Of course he was refused when asking her to give the ball back, and was hit in the eye by Lily with the ball. As Lily talked to her father about it over the phone, Tom was frightened. In order to get his ball back, he got into the log but was caught in it．How unlucky he was!

49 goodbye