Present Perfect Tense.

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1 Present Perfect Tense

2 Present perfect tense 现在完成时
have/has + 过去分词 构成: 用法一： 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.

3 past present 1.都表示过去发生的事 2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；
I lived there 2 years ago past present I have lived here for two years 1.都表示过去发生的事 2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用； 3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）

4 eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00
He has had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at 9:00.

5 in /during the past /last 5 years,
Adverbs of time before, by now (so far), once, twice…, just, recently yet(否/疑), already(肯), ever, never, all one’s life , in /during the past /last 5 years,

6 Exercises 1. I ________(have) lunch already.
2. Has the train_______ (arrive), yet? 3.Tome ____ never_______ (be to ) China. 4. The twin ______just _____(see) my father. 5. The twins ____(see) my father just now. 6. Many tall buildings ____________(build) in the past 5 years. have had arrived been to has has seen saw have been built

7 表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用
用法二： for+段时间 since+点时间 since+句子（过去时） E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China.

8 常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变 be dead arrive/come/go to die become a borrow
Leave/ move buy open join start/begin finish/ end catch a cold get up get to know get out close wake up go to sleep become interested in be in be a keep be away / be out be open have be in/a member of be over be on have a cold be up know be out be closed be awake be asleep/ sleep be interested in

9 Exercises His father has died. (for 2 years)
The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m) The twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old) My teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days) His father has been dead for 2 years. The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m. The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they are 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days

10 重点句型: It is/ has been+段时间+since从句 段时间+has passed+ since从句
eg. 他死了两年了： He died two years ago. He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died. Two years has passed since he died.

11 1. 这本书我借了一个月了。 I borrowed this book a month ago.
I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago. It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book. A month has passed since I borrowed the book.

12 Have/has gone to have/has been to have/has been in

13 Exercises Tom 在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。 -Where is Tom?
我在北京待了5年了。 Jack 去过上海两次了 -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books. I have been in Beijing for 5 years. Jack has been to Shanghai twice.

14 Correcting 1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.
2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18. 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years. 4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema. 5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kept has been in/ been a member of the army since 5 years ago/ for 5 years came did catch

15 6. Ten years have passed since they got married.
7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years. 8.What time have the factory opened? 9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice has has been in did open been to

16 Exercises I am an American boy I came to China two years ago. I _____(study) here for two years. My father often (take) me_____ (play) football on the playground. Last week I ___ (take) to the park by him. We saw a lot of monkeys (jump) in the tree. I heard a voice from behind When I (walk ) along the river. I thought myself. “It must_____ (be) Mr. Brown. He __(take) photos.” We___ (enjoy) that day. We ____ (go) back to America next week. have studied takes to play Was taken jump waked be is taking enjoyed will go