语法复习课 被动语态 （Revision of the Passive Voice).

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1 语法复习课 被动语态 （Revision of the Passive Voice)

2 A.熟记结构 1.被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词 的过去分词（p．p）”。 (不及物动词或不及物短语动词不可用于被动语态 这类动词有：happen（发生）, take place（发生） , break out（爆发）, die（死亡）, become（成为）, appear（出现）, disappear（消失）, last（持续）, set out（出发）等。) Be动词的五种变化形式： 原 形 be 现在时 am ,is ,are 过去时 was , were 现在分词 being 过去分词 been

3 He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。
This book was written in 这本书是1969年写成的。 √ √ The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。 He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。 The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。 He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。 2.各种时态结构被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为： 一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being done 现在完成时： have / has been done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have to…be done √ The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。 The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。

4 3.例如： ① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people． A．speak B．is speaking C．speaks D．is spoken ② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school last night． A．were told B．is telling C．was told D．tells ③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China． A．must B．must be C．Has D．have （选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态） （选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态） （选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态)

5 B．明确用法 被动语态常用于以下两种情况： 1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者； 2．强调动作的承受者。例如： 这棵树是那个男孩砍断的。 The tree ______ ______ by that boy． was cut 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。

6 谓语动词break改为被动形式：be + 过去分词。 原主变宾by后见（有时by短语可以省略）。
C．熟练转换 主动句 The naughty boy broke the window yesterday. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 1 2 3 被动句 The window was broken by the naughty boy yesterday. 主语 谓语 介宾 状语 步骤一 原宾变主主格变。 被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面. 谓语动词break改为被动形式：be + 过去分词。 步骤二 步骤三 原主变宾by后见（有时by短语可以省略）。

7 宾变主， 主变宾， by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动， be后“过分”来使用
教你一招 宾变主， 主变宾， by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动， be后“过分”来使用

8 常见语态转换 （一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。 引入练习1。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态 1
常见语态转换 （一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。 引入练习1。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态 1.Lucy bought some fruit. Some fruit _____ ______ _____ Lucy. 2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day. The flowers ___ _______ ____ Uncle Wang every day. 3.Did they build the bridge in 1998? ____ the bridge _____ in 1998? 4.When did Lu Xun write these books? When _____these books _______ ____ Lu Xun? 5.The farmers don’t grow apples on the farm. Apples _____ _____ on the farm. 6.They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday. The classroom _______ ________ yesterday. 小结： 1、被动语态的转换，在be+过去分词中，确定_____ 是关键，_______永不变。 2、Be的时态由_______________确定；be的单/复数由____________确定。 3、问句提前__________; 否定________后加not. was bought by are watered by Was built were written by aren’t grown wasn’t cleaned be 形 过去分词 主动时态 被动主语 be动词 be

9 (二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。 引入练习2。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。 1
(二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。 引入练习2。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。 1.You can do the work all by yourself. The work _____ _____ _____ all by yourself. 2.We must plant more trees. More trees _____ _____ ________. 3.We should dig a large hole. A large hole _____ ____ _____. 4.Can we put our bikes here? _____ our bikes ____ _____ here? 5.You mustn’t throw rubbish here. Rubbish ______ _____ ______ here. 6.We can’t see many stars. Many stars ______ ______ _______ . 小结： 1.含情态动词的被动结构： ______________________ 疑问句提前_____________; 否定句：___________+not. can be done must be planted should be dug Can be put mustn’t be thrown can’t be seen 情态动词+be (永远是原形)+过去分词 情态动词 情态动词

10 D．注意特例 将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况： 1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： ①将间接宾语(sb)变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； ②将直接宾语(sth)变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。

11 提示(必背) a. 把直接宾语(sth)变为主语后，间接宾语(sb)前通常要加上介词to的有：write ,pass,give,lend,sell,show,hand等。 b.把直接宾语(sth)变为主语后，间接宾语(sb)前通常要加上介词for的有： 有make,buy,find,draw等。

12 练习３例： 1.Her mother gave her a new pen． A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother． 2.She wrote us a letter She made her son a pair of new shoes. 4.He found Jim a seat. 5. He bought me a computer. → was given to A letter was written to us. A pair of new shoes was made for her son by her. A seat was found for Jim. A computer was bought for me.

13 2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： ① This dictionary mustn‘t ______ from the library． A．take away B．taken away C．are taken away D．be taken away ② She will take good care of the children．（变被动语态） The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her）． √ be taken good care of

14 练习4 动词短语的被动语态。 1.People often talk about the film.
改正下列转换中的错误： 1.People often talk about the film. 误：The film is often talked. 正： 2.Lily looked after the baby. 误：The baby was looked by Lily. 3.We shouldn’t give up the work. 误：The work shouldn’t be given . 4.We can’t work out the problem. 误：The problem can’t be worked. The film is often talked about. The baby was looked after by Lily. The work shouldn’t be given up. The problem can’t be worked out.

15 5.We must take good care of young trees.
误：Young trees must be taken good care. 正： 6.We must write to him. 误：He must be written. 小结：动词短语在转换成被动语态时， 不能丢掉其中的_____________。 Young trees must be taken good care of. He must be written to. 介词或副词

16 3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．（变被动语态） He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday． 4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be ＋过去分词”。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city． A．be building B．build C．be built D．built was seen to C

17 请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。引入练习5。 1. The farmer made the horses work the whole day
请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。引入练习5。 1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day. The horses______ _____ ___ _____ the whole day. 2.Mum asks the twins not to swim in the lake. The twins ____ _______ ___ ___ _______ in the lake. 3.I saw a mouse run into the room. A mouse _____ _____ ____ ____ into the room. 4.I often hear him sing English songs. He ____ often _____ ____ ____ English songs. 5.I saw Lucy playing in the park just now. Lucy ____ _____ _______ in the park just now. 6.They watched the children sing that morning. The children _____ ________ ___ _____ that morning. 小结:1.主动语态中省略to的宾补在被动中应___________.如以 上 ___________题. 2.其它形式的宾补在被动中______.如以上________题。 were made to work are asked not to swim was seen to run is heard to sing was seen playing were watched to sing 补上to 1、3、4、6 不变 2、5

18 5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。 例如： Who has broken the cup？→ By whom has the cup been broken？

19 6．有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义 1）感官动词 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主动形式表示被动。 How sweet the music sounds ! Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth . 2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词 well, easily时。 The book sells well ( 这本书销路很好。 ) The door will not open ( 这扇门就是打不开。 ) This dress washes better . ( 这衣服较好洗。 ) The sign reads as follows . ( 这牌子告示如下。 )

20 E．注意区别 被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别： 1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较： The window is broken．窗子破了。（系表结构） The window is broken by him．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态） 2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较： He was very interested in science．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构） I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn‘t know what to do．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）

21 F．相关句型 与被动语态相关的句型有： 1．be covered with被……覆盖 2．be made of由……制作（发生物理变化） be made from由……制作（发生化学变化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造 3．be used for被用来…… be used as被当作（作为）……来使用 be used to do sth．被用来做某事 4．It is said that．．．据说…… It is hoped that．．．希望…… It is well known that．．．众所周知……

22 例如： ①—Your coat looks nice．Is it ______ cotton？ —Yes．It‘s ______ Shanghai． A．made of；made by B．made of；made in C．made for；made by D．made for；made in ② This machine is used ______ the room wet． A．for keeping B．as keeping C．keep D．to keeping ③ 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。 ______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing． B A It is said another bridge built

23 2把下列句子变为被动句: 1. They asked me to come a little later
2把下列句子变为被动句: 1.They asked me to come a little later. →I ___ _______ to come a little later. 2.Women often talk about food and clothes. →Food and clothes ____ often _____ about by women. 3.Do they make this kind of truck in Nanjing? → ___this kind of truck _____ in Nanjing? 4.We must clean our teeth twice a day. →Our teeth must ___ ____ twice a day. 5.Can I answer this question in simple English? → _____this question __ ______ in simple English? 6.You may clean the room after work. → The room may _____ _______ after work. 7.We use brooms for sweeping the floor. → Brooms___ ___for sweeping the floor. 8. They built quite a few tall buildings in their hometown last year. → Quite a few tall buildings ___ _____ in their hometown last year. 9. You must not put the bike there. → The bike ___ ____ _____there Can you see the stars in the daytime? → Can the stars _____ __in the daytime?

24 在下列情况下要使用被动语态： 　　1. 行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。 如：Football is played all over the world. 　　2. 不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。如： 　　 我的自行车被盗了。 　　3. 汉语中含有“据说、据悉、有人说、大家说”等时。如： 　　　　 据说，有一天他爬到一所房子的顶上，往烟囱下面扔了一些钱。 汉语中含有“被、由”等词时。如： 　　 　　 魏华是被林涛叫来的。 　　 My bike was stolen. It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some money down a chimney. Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.

25 5. 汉语中没有“被、由”等词，而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时。如： 这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。（在“是”后面可以加上“由”） 6
5. 汉语中没有“被、由”等词，而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时。如： 　　 　　这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。（在“是”后面可以加上“由”）　　 某些句子习惯上用被动语态。如： 　　He was born in October， 表示礼貌时。如： 　　 　　敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。 These songs are usually sung by boys. You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00 p.m. tomorrow.

26 在以下10种情况下均不能使用被动语态： 　　1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如： 　　正： 　　误：The story was happened in London. 　　2. 表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。如： 　　正： 　　误：He is fitted very well by the shirt. 　　3. 某些“不及物动词＋介词”构成的短语动词，如listen to，walk into，fall off等，往往不使用被动语态。如： 　　正： 　　误：The room was walked into by him. 　　4. 祈使句一般没有被动语态。如： 　　正： 　　误：The blackboard is looked at by you. 　　5. 宾语和主语所指的对象相同时不能用于被动语态。如： 　　正： 　　误：Each other must be helped by us. The story happened in London. The shirt fits him very well. He walked into the room. Look at the blackboard， please. We must help each other.

27 6. 某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。如：正： 　　误：The League was joined by him in 　　7. 动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语时不能用于被动语态。如： 　　正： 　　误：To watch TV is liked by them. 　　正： 　　误：Listening to the radio is enjoyed by him. 　　8. 主动句中有表示数量、长度、大小或程度的单词或短语作宾语时往往不使用被动语态。如： 　　正： 　　误：Three yuan is paid for these tomatoes by her. 　　9. 由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）一般不可改为被动语态。如： 　　正： 　　误：Faces are made by the boy in class. 　　10. 反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。如： 　　正： 　　误：Yourself must be looked after. He joined the League in 1998. They like to watch TV. He enjoys listening to the radio. She pays three yuan for the tomatoes. The boy make faces in class. You must look after yourself.

28 Exercises 1. Both my brother work at the power station that ___ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up 2. ---_____ the sports meet will be put off. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told

29 3. All the preparations for the task ____, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done

30 4. ---- How long ____ at this job?
---- Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed

31 5. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ____ yet.
A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided

32 6. Betty___ injured since last Saturday. A. has been 　　
B. was C. is 　　　　　 D. has

33 7. That book _________into at least 20 foreign languages.
A. has said to be translated B. has been said to have translated C. is said that it had been translated D. is said to have been translated 注:该句的句型是:It is said that…/people (they) said that…/that book is said to …根据句意是已经被译成了20 多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。

34  -- Of course. I ___ the living room all day.
8. –Hi, Tom, you look tired.　  -- Of course. I ___ the living room all day. A. had painted B. painted  C. have been painted 　　　 D. have been painting

35 9. --Did you move into the new house?
-- No. The rooms ___ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted

36 10. Great changes___ in my hometown and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. took place; will set up

37 11. It’s said that this book___ into Chinese.
A. had translated B. has translated C. was translated D. has been translated 12. You can’t move in .The house _____. A. is painting B. is being painted C. has painted D. has been painted

38 13. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage___ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005重庆) A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been cause

39 14. Have you ever___ to the exhibition which ___for three weeks?
A. gone; has been shown B. visited; shown C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted

40 15. ---How long ago ___ these eggs___?
--- Perhaps 15 days. A. will; hatch B. did; hatch C. were; hatched D. have; been hatched

41 16.Millions of pounds’ worth of damage_____ by a storm which swept across the north of England at night. A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused The window is dirty. ---I know. It_____ for weeks. [2004高考Ⅲ] A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

42 18. Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory closes. (01 北京春)
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 19. Rainforests _____ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春季) A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut

43 谢谢光临指导! See you!