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氫原子光譜量度與浦朗克常數 目的: 瞭解原子光譜(atomic spectrum) 原理: 氫原子(H)光譜 (質子+電子)
能階: En = -(mee4/8e02h2)/n2 基態：n = 1, E1 = eV 電子游離態：n = , E = 0 DE = En1 – En2 = hf = hc/l h = 6.63 x J-s c = 3.00 x 108 m/s 觀察巴爾麥系譜線 (Balmer series lines): n2 , Ha: 32, l = nm Hb: 42, l = nm Hg: 52, l = nm 62, l = nm 為可見光譜(Visible spectrum) 氫原子光譜 可見光光譜
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1.實驗: a.利用氫氣管(H2)高壓放電,觀察氫分子(H2)在激發態(n 1)時之氫原子能階越遷(n2) 之自發放射光譜 (spontaneous emission) ---請注意安全 b.利用光譜儀多狹縫光柵繞射原理(spectrometer) ：平行光入射光柵,干涉條紋繞射條件 dsinq = ml (m = 0, 1, 2, …) m = 1: 三條譜線 (la, lb, lg) m = 2: ~一條(lb) 測量角度(q),代入d及m,求波長(l) 鍵別率: l/Dl = mN (N: 狹縫數) 光柵/ 三稜鏡 光源 准直狹縫 准直狹縫 三稜鏡固定器 目鏡調整鈕 准直狹縫寬度調整鈕 准直透鏡調整鈕 光柵固定器
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1/l = (mee4/8e02h3c)(1/22 - 1/n2) (n2) = RH (1/4 - 1/n2)
2. 與理論值比較 1/l = (mee4/8e02h3c)(1/22 - 1/n2) (n2) = RH (1/4 - 1/n2) RH = *107 m-1 (Rydberg constant) 利用實驗值波長代入RH , 利用 me = 9.11 x kg e = 1.60 x C e0 = 8.85 x F/m c = 3.00 x 108 m/s 求浦郎克常數h, 與理論值 h = 6.63 x J-s 比較 3. 觀察其他氣體放電之可見光原子及分子光譜 4. 以白光取代氫光源，觀察經光柵之繞射譜線和白光經三菱鏡折射後形成之光譜線的異同 The Balmer Series of Hydrogen (H) consists of four visible lines The helium (He) spectrum is somewhat more complex than that of hydrogen. The mercury (Hg) spectrum
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