The Arizona State University Sustainability Initiatives

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1 The Arizona State University Sustainability Initiatives
亚利桑那州立大学 可持续性研究计划

2 Sustainability 亚利桑那州立大学可持续性研究 可持续性国际研究所 沙漠城决策中心 决策剧场
International Institute for Sustainability Decision Center for a Desert City Decision Theater

3 A Global Responsibility
全球责任 “我们担负起一项共同的责任，即在地方、区域和全球各级促进和加强经济发展、社会发展和环境保护这几个相互依存、相互增强的可持续发展支柱” 约翰内斯堡可持续发展宣言 A Global Responsibility “We assume a collective responsibility to advance and strengthen the interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars of sustainable development – economic development, social development and environmental protection – at local, regional and global levels” Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development

4 科学在可持续发展中的作用 The Role of Science in Sustainable Development 经济发展
Sustainability Science focuses on the dynamic interactions between nature and society,with equal attention to how social change shapes the environment and how environmental change shapes society. 经济发展 Economic Development 科学在可持续发展中的作用 可持续科学着重研究自然与社会之间不断变化的相互作用。这项学科对社会变化怎样影响环境与环境变化怎样影响社会给予同等重视。 Environmental Protection Social Development 环境保护 社会发展

5 Sustainability Analysis
可持续性分析 人类活动和环境结合系统 共同决定 高度非线性 复杂 自组性 因此： 分析研究的单位应该是结合在一起的社会生态系统 Human activities and the environment coupled systems Jointly determined Strongly nonlinear Complex Self-organizing Therefore: The unit of analysis should be the coupled socio-ecological system

6 The Institutional Challenge
制度上的挑战 为了利用科学技术来应对我们在协调我们的发展目标和地球环境资源的极限的过程中所面临的挑战，有必要设置新的机构。 New institutional arrangements are necessary to harness science and technology to address the challenges we face in reconciling our development goals with the planet’s environmental limits. Despite the importance of achieving sustainability and the centrality of science and technology to strategies for doing so, a great imbalance exists in the resources and attention devoted to harnessing science and technology in the service of the goal of sustainable development. Efforts to harness science and technology (S&T) for sustainability have largely had to draw on research and development (R&D) systems built for other purposes. Hence, a new challenge and opportunity exists to harness intellectual resources of the S&T community in order to expand and deepen our knowledge of the foundations of sustainability and the processes that can more effectively link knowledge to action. Whereas in recent years, universities around the world have begun organizing to address research issues related to sustainable development, including discussion of the new field of “sustainability science”, so far, they fail to embrace the full challenge of bridging the gap between scientific results and practical use.

7 亚利桑那州立大学通过新型美国大学可持续性研究计划来迎接挑战
ASU is Meeting the Challenge through the New American University Sustainability Initiatives: 亚利桑那州立大学通过新型美国大学可持续性研究计划来迎接挑战 •可持续性研究 •可持续性教育 •可持续性解决方案 •可持续性技术开发 •可持续性校区运作 Sustainability Research Sustainability Education Sustainability Solutions Sustainability Technology Development Sustainability Campus Operations At ASU, we are making fundamental institutional transformations to embrace the challenges related to sustainable development. The uniqueness of our approach is that it is a comprehensive one… we are undertaking a full suite of activities, with our end-to-end research, education and applications agendas directly aimed at achieving sustainability.

8 International Institute for Sustainability (IIS)
可持续性国际研究所 •研究所使生命、地球和社会科学家、工程师、政府和工业界的领导和管理人员走到一起 •凤凰城将成为研究和检验城市可持续发展方法的起点 IIS brings together life, earth and social scientists, engineers and government and industry leaders Phoenix will be a spring board to study and test approaches to urban sustainability

9 The “Big” Questions “大”的问题
•自然和社会不断变化的相互作用是可持续性研究的重要组成部分，这两者之间的互动趋势是什么？ •什么决定自然和社会系统的弱点或复原力？ •有没有可显示非持续性以及到达临界点的“指示灯”？超过这个点系统便再也不能恢复。 •什么激励结构系统能最有效地把我们推向更能持续发展的轨道？ What are the trends in the dynamic nature-society interactions that are integral to sustainability? What determines the vulnerability or resilience of a nature-society system? Are there meaningful “indicators” of un-sustainability and measurable thresholds beyond which a system cannot recover? What systems of incentive structures can most effectively move us toward more sustainable trajectories?

10 Why build a S&T focus on cities?
为什么科技的重心要放在城市？ •百分之五十以上的人口居住在城市 •社会需要增加的城市结构是现有和过去结构的总和 •有关城市可持续性研究的科技专门知识无论在实践上还是在理论上都很有限 •全球气候变化愈渐受到城市活动的影响 •城市对未开发土地的影响越来越大 •对决策过程的科学了解远远不够 > 50% of all people now live in cities Society needs to add the equivalent of all existing & past urban structure S&T expertise in practice & theory of urban sustainability is limited Global climate change is driven increasingly by urban activities Cities have growing impact on remaining undeveloped lands Decision-making processes are poorly understood scientifically

11 What are some urban policy issues?
有关的一些城市问题 •城市生态学足迹 •空气质量与儿童健康 •城市碳循环与建筑选择 •城市安全 •出现传染疾病 •增长模式 •经济条件 •足够的清洁水供应 •城市热岛效应 Ecological footprint of cities Air quality links to children’s health Urban carbon cycles and architectural choices Urban security Emerging infectious diseases Growth patterns Economic conditions Adequate supply of clean water Urban Heat Island Effect

12 Distribution and quality 水供应：分配和质量
Water supply: Distribution and quality 水供应：分配和质量 •依雨量和温度而变化 •水需求更高 •流失物更多，补充的含水土层更少 •沿海地区的盐侵蚀 恶化因素 •未完成的城市化 •计划执行率低 •污染 •保证城市地区目前和将来的用水供 应问题 Changes in precipitation and temperature Higher demand of water Higher runoffs - lower recharge of aquifers Salt intrusion in coastal areas Aggravating Factors Incomplete urbanization Low enforcement of planning Pollution Problems to secure present and future water supply in urban areas

13 城市热岛 Urban Heat Island •研究建筑物、表面材料、城市绿化、气候和模型
•替代设计和材料是否会减少人类对气候变化和环境的影响？ Urban Heat Island Studies buildings, surface materials, urban forestry, climate and modeling Can alternative designs and materials reduce human impact on the climate change and environment?

14 Common elements in studying cities
城市研究中的共同要素 •城市的快速发展比司法管辖界线增长得快 •地区问题占据支配地位，然而地区政府处于弱势 •城市影响延伸到郊区、农村和荒野 •模拟边界条件多孔而且难于定义 •社会与自然科学家很少就城市课题进行合作研究 Fast-growing cities outgrow jurisdictional boundaries Regional issues dominate but regional governments weak Urban influences extend into suburban, rural, & wild areas Model boundary conditions porous and hard to define Social and natural scientists rarely collaborate about cities

15 要研究什么？ What would be studied? •自然系统：地质学、水文地理学、大气
•生物系统：微生物学、植物学、动 物学、生态学 •社会系统：经济学、人口统计学、 文化、政策 •工程系统：水、能源、下水道、电 讯、农业、运输 •建设系统：修建、建筑学、土地覆盖 •上述各系统的相互作用 Physical systems: geology, hydrology, atmosphere Biological systems: microbial, botanical, zoological, ecological Social systems: economics, demographics, culture, policy Engineered systems: water, energy, sewer, telecom, agriculture, transportation Built systems: construction, architecture, land cover Interactions among all of above

16 为什么是凤凰城？ Why Phoenix? •数个联邦政府资助的大型科研项目 •美国第五大城市、第二大增长最快 的都市中心
•美国第五大城市、第二大增长最快 的都市中心 •地理、气候、水文、历史模拟相对 简单 •与州有关机构、工业界和各大学正 在进行合作 •目标是大凤凰城地区成为快速城市 化研究的连线模拟天然 实验室 Several large federally-funded environmental research projects 5th largest, 2nd fastest-growing urban center in USA Geography, climate, hydrology, history relatively simple to model Ongoing collaborations with state agencies, industry, universities Goal is for Greater Phoenix to be a wired, modeled natural lab for the study of rapid urbanization

17 Phoenix: Rapid Urbanization
农业区 城市区 娱乐区 快速城市化的凤凰城 Agricultural Urban Recreational Phoenix: Rapid Urbanization

18 Shanghai

19 10 km Beijing

20 100 Cities Project: Standardized, repeated urban remote sensing 百座城市项目： 标准化重复城市遥感

21 Different sensors = different information
不同的传感器=不同的信息 内华达州拉斯韦加斯—2000年10月7日 Different sensors = different information Las Vegas, NV, 17-Oct-2000 可见光—近红外线 1500万像素 •主要土地覆盖分类 •植被健康 •土壤性质 •土壤污染 短波红外线 3000万像素 •城市表面物质 •屋顶材料 •能源使用 •易散型尘污的产生 •金属污染 •生态社区 热红外线波段 9000万像素 •表面能源平衡 •区域气候模型 •人类起源的热源 •热岛开发 Visible to near-infrared 15 m/pixel Shortwave infrared 30 m/pixel Thermal infrared bands 90 m/pixel Major land cover classes Vegetation health Soil properties Soil contamination Urban surface materials Rooftop materials Energy use Fugitive dust production Metal contamination Ecological communities Surface energy balances Regional climate models Anthropogenic heat sources Heat island development

22 100 Cities: Urban Environmental Monitoring
百座城市： 城市环境监控 •遥感影像、地面观察和其他数字地理信息 •全球城市出现弱点时的早期警报 •地质学 •生态学 •生物学 •水文地理学 •人口统计学 Remotely sensed imagery, ground observations and other digital geographic information Early warnings of emerging vulnerabilities in cities across the globe Geological science Ecology Biology Hydrology Demographics

23 The Decision Center for a Desert City
沙漠城决策中心 •美国国家基金会新建的三个中心之一 •致力于在面对无常的气候时，增进对水 资源管理决策过程的了解 •出现情况时，通过现有的最好科技通知 当地的水资源管理人员 •还要通过使用决策剧场而成的三维成像 来通知水资源管理人员 One of 3 New Centers from the National Science Foundation Dedicated to increasing understanding of decision processes in water management while facing an uncertain climate While...informing local water managers through best science available And through 3-D visualization using the new Decision Theater

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25 The Decision Theater Vision
决策剧场远景 •成为世界一流的进行科学合理分析的机构，成为科学和实践相连结的地方 •成为决策人和社区合作参与决策过程的家园—通过可选的预测方案把将来形象化 •成为研究人员的实验室，提高可视化、计算机科学、认知科学和政策学的最新发展水平 A World-Class Facility for Science-Based, Informed Analysis -- A Place to Connect Science with Practice A Home for Policy Makers and the Community to Participate in Immersive, Collaborative Decision Making – To Visualize the Future through Alternative Scenarios A Laboratory for Researchers to Advance the State-of-the-Art in Visualization, Computer Sciences, Cognitive Sciences, and Policy Sciences

26 Urban Sustainable Materials and Renewable Technologies (SMART) Program
•车辆公路及道路材料 •技术创新 •可持续表面材料 •城市范围的材料使用 Automobiles highway and road materials Innovative technologies Sustainable surface materials Urban context of material usage

27 Example Institutional Partnerships
合作伙伴实例 蒙特雷理工学院 斯坦福大学 东安格利亚大学 马斯特里赫特大学 国际环境与发展高级培训项目 哈佛大学 华盛顿大学 墨西哥国家自主大学 Monterrey Tech Stanford University University of East Anglia (Tyndall Center) Maastricht University International Leadership for Environment and Development (LEAD) Harvard University University of Washington National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)

28 Example Institutional Partnerships
合作伙伴实例 蒙特雷理工学院 斯坦福大学 东安格利亚大学 马斯特里赫特大学 国际环境与发展高级培训项目 哈佛大学 华盛顿大学 墨西哥国家自主大学 Monterrey Technological Institute Stanford University University of East Anglia (Tyndall Center) Maastricht University Leadership for Environment and Development (LEAD) International Harvard University University of Washington National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)

29 可持续性研究可能的合作项目 Collaborative Opportunities in Sustainability •城市化与发展
•城市热岛 •可持续性材料 •水资源管理 •城市生态与土地利用 •百座城市计划 联合研究项目 研究员交流 学生交流 主管执行人员培训 决策剧院可视化 Urbanization and Growth Urban Heat Island Sustainable Materials Water Management Urban Ecology and Land Use 100 Cities Program Joint Research Projects Exchange of Researchers Exchange of Students Executive Education Visualization through the Decision Theater

30 “免于匮乏、免于恐惧、以及我们的后代享有在地球上继续生存的自由是全球21世纪所面临的三大挑战”
联合国秘书长安南在联合 国大会千年报告上的讲话 “Freedom from want, freedom from fear, and the freedom of future generations to sustain their lives on this planet are the 3 grand global challenges for the 21st Century” UN Secretary General Kofi Annan in his Millennium Report to the General Assembly

31 The Arizona State University Sustainability Initiatives
亚利桑那州立大学 可持续性研究计划 2005年 月 日 The Arizona State University Sustainability Initiatives June 2, 2005