The Passive Voice 被动语态.

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1 The Passive Voice 被动语态

2 ★ 动词的时态： 时态是一种语言的手段，因语言的不同而有区别。英语时态以动词形式变化表示句中谈到的动作、状态的时间关系和说话的时间。 体时
一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 do am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did were/was doing had done had been +doing 将来 will/shall +do will/shall be + doing will/shall have + done will/shall have been + doing 过去将来 would/ should + do would/ should be + doing would/should have + done would/should have been + doing

3 ★ 动词的语态： ■ 动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 1.被动语态的构成： be + done(动词过去分词)
英语主动语态表示句子的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。 1.被动语态的构成： be + done(动词过去分词)

4 2. 被动语态的用法： 当不知道或不关心动作的执行者时，当只知道或只想将注意力放在动作的承受者身上的时候使用被动语态。在科技英语中的句子多使用被动语态。

5 will/shall have been + done would/should have been + done
■ 动词语态的时态体现： 体时 一般 进行 完成 现在 am/is/are + done am/is/are being + done have/has been + done 过去 was/were + done were/was being + done had been + done 将来 will/shall be + done will/shall have been + done 过去将来 would/shouldbe + done would/should have been + done

6 1.Bananas are grown in Hainan.(海南种植香焦。）
2.Many more trees will be planted in our school next year.（我们学校明年将种更多的树。） 3.Were the trees planted by him.这些树是他种的吗？ 4.Young trees must be looked after. (必须照看好小树） 5. The building is being built. (那栋楼房正在建设中。） 6.The homework has been finished yet. （家作已经做完了。）

7 宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动
语态转换 1.He teaches English in our school. English is taught in our school by him. 宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动

8 2.We planted many trees last years.
Many trees were planted by us last year. 过去时的被动语态： was/were+P.P

9 3.We should plant many more trees.
Many more trees should be planted by us. 含情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词+be +PP

10 4.She will teach Class 6. Class 6 will be taught by her. 将来时的被动语态： Will/shall+be +PP

11 5. Many countries have sent up satellites
into space. Satellites have been sent up into space by many countries . 完成时的被动语: have/has+been +PP

12 6.She is teaching Class 6. Class 6 is being taught by her. 现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+pp

13 如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring, show,tell…）
7.She gave me a book. I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her. 如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring, show,tell…）

14 8.He made me do the work. I was made to do the work by him.
这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch…)

15 9.They take good care of the baby.
The baby is taken good care of by them. 注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个 整体，不可把它们分隔开来。

16 ﹛ ﹛ People say she knows five languages.
She is said to know five languages. It is said that she knows five languages. We believe the book has been translated into English. ﹛ The book is believed to have been translated into English. It is believed that the book has been translated into English. 带宾语从句的句子改为被动语态时，有两种情况： 1）宾语从句的主语+be +主句谓语的过去分词+宾语从句谓语的不定式 2）It +be +主句谓语的过去分词+that+原宾语从句

17 将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。 1. We can finish the work in two days
将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。 1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _____ _____ _____ in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk __ _________ in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song. An English song ____ ____ _______ by the children. 4. You needn't do it now. It _________ _____ _____ by you now. 5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card ____ ____ ____ me by Lucy last week. 6.He made me do that for him. I ____ ____ ____ ______that for him. 7. I have given this book to the library. This book _____ ______ ______ to the library. can be finished is produced will be sung needn’t be done was sent to was made to do has been given

18 不用被动语态的动词： 1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, … happened A traffic accident ________(happen) just now. 2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become… sounds Peking Opera ________ (sound) beautiful.

19 主动表示被动的情况 1. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, lock, shut, close 等 This type of recorder sells well. That kind of shirt washes very well The novel reads well. The door opens with difficulty. This kind of shirt cleans easily Her coat caught in the door/ on the nail The door won’t shut. The library doesn’t open.

20 比较： The box doesn’t lock. 这个箱子锁不上。 （箱子本身的性质） 2. The box was not locked. 这个箱子没有上锁。（箱子当时的状态） 3. The theory proved to be correct. 那个理论证明是正确的。（含有自身证明的特征） 4. The theory was proved to be correct. 那个理论被证明是正确的。（被人证明）

21 want, need, require, deserve和be worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
The book is worth reading . The coat requires mending / to be mended. The children needs looking after / to be looked after. The table wants cleaning / to be cleaned. The thief deserves punishing / to be punished.

22 某些作表语(expensive, cheap, difficult, fit, hard, light,
heavy, easy 等形容词后，用不定式形式表示被动意义。 The box is too heavy to lift. She is easy to approach. The fish is not fit to eat. He is hard to please. The passage is difficult to read. The jewel is too expensive to buy.

23 1. Large numbers of plastic bags _________ (use) in the supermarkets every day.
are used 2. _____ our country ____(send) up another man-made satellite last year? Did send 3. Must the passage________(translate )into Chinese? be translated 4. Her grandma was still alive when he _________ (take) to the hospital. was taken 5. English __________(speak) in many counties. is spoken

24 6. Three quarters of the world’s books ____________ (write) in English.
are written 7. This kind of sweater __________ (sell) well. sells 8. _________ Lesson 50 ___________ (teach) next week? Will be taught

25 Fill in the blanks using right forms:
1. All the students __________(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday. were asked 2. Are many ways _______(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees? tried 3. —What are on show in the museum? —Some photos _________(take) by American children. taken 4. This coat _________(wash) well. washes 5. Must the old people ____________(speak) to politely? be spoken 6. I’m often _________(警告）not to copy others’ homework. warned disappeared 7. He couldn’t explain why dinosaurs ___________ (消失). 8. I’ll have my bike __________________(修理) tomorrow. mended／repaired 9. Have you found your necklace ________(偷) last week? stolen 10. The PRC was _________(成立) on October 1, 1949. founded

26 Thank you ! Goodbye!