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中考专项复习 名词(一).

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Presentation on theme: "中考专项复习 名词(一)."— Presentation transcript:

1 中考专项复习 名词(一)

2 第1讲 名词 noodle, chalk, bread, pie, weather, pen, second, parent,
一、将下列名词归类 noodle, chalk, bread, pie, weather, pen, second, parent, newspaper, water, meat, factory, present, computer, furniture, lemonade, friend, person, advice, promise, gold, English 1.可数名词:______________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2.不可数名词:_____________________________________ noodle, pie, pen, second, parent, newspaper, factory,present, computer, friend, person, promise chalk, bread, weather, water, meat, furniture, lemonade, advice, gold, English

3 二、写出下列名词的复数形式 1.规则变化: minute_________ minutes halves classmate__________ classmates half_______ mirror________ glass________ mirrors glasses cup______ cups family_________ match________ wife________ families matches wives parks potatoes park_______ factory________ potato________ factories thieves photos thief________ photo________ baby________ babies

4 people________ sheep________ sheep child________ children feet teeth
heroes watch________ party________ leaf________ box________ watches hero________ knife________ piano________ life________ key________ brush________ mouth________ keys parties knives brushes leaves pianos mouths boxes lives 2.不规则变化: goose________ geese man________ men woman________ women people people________ sheep________ sheep child________ children feet teeth foot________ tooth________ deer________ deer

5 1.单数名词表泛指,通常在前面加冠词 a/an。如:a man, an old man。
可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数之分。 1.单数名词表泛指,通常在前面加冠词 a/an。如:a man, an old man。 2.可数名词由单数形式变为复数形式,其构成方法分为规 则的和不规则的两种。 (1)规则变化 ①一般名词直接加-s。如: cat—cats rose—roses girl—girls

6 ②以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变 y 为 i 再加-es。如:
baby—babies country—countries family—families city—cities factory—factories party—parties story—stories ③以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加-s。如: day—days toy—toys key—keys holiday—holidays boy—boys monkey—monkeys

7 ④以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词加-es。如:
bus—buses brush—brushes match—matches boss—bosses class—classes watch—watches box—boxes glass—glasses ⑤以 o 结尾的名词可能加-s,也可能加-es。 加-s:小马虎弹着钢琴 (piano) 听着收音机(radio),又到动 物园 (zoo) 和袋鼠 (kangaroo) 照相 (photo),最后考试得了个 大鸭蛋(零分) (zero)。 加-es:黑人 (Negro) 英雄 (hero) 喜欢吃西红柿 (tomato) 和土豆 (potato)。

8 ⑥以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,通常先变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加-es。
树叶 (leaf) 半数 (half) 自己 (self) 黄, 妻子 (wife) 拿刀 (knife) 上山冈, 架 (shelf) 后窜出一只狼 (wolf), 好像强盗 (thief) 逃命 (life) 忙。 注意:有少数以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词构成复数时,只加-s, 如:roofs, gulfs, chiefs 等。但是,handkerchief/scarf 的复数可以 是 handkerchiefs/scarfs,也可以是 handkerchieves/scarves。

9 policewoman—policewomen fisherman—fishermen foot—feet tooth—teeth
(2)不规则变化(需记忆) ①改变字母变复数。如: man—men woman—women policewoman—policewomen fisherman—fishermen foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese mouse —mice child—children ②表示“某国人”的名词单数变复数: i.中国人 (Chinese)、日本人 (Japanese)、瑞士人 (Swiss) 单复数同形。 ii.英国/法国人改 a 为 e。如: Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen iii.其他以-an, -ian 结尾的各国人直接加-s。如:American(s), German(s), Russian(s), Australian(s), Indian(s), Korean(s)。

10 数 , 如 : trousers, pants, shorts, socks, glasses ( 眼 镜 ), clothes,
(3)特殊的复数形式 ①有些名词通常只有复数形式,用作主语时谓语动词用复 数 , 如 : trousers, pants, shorts, socks, glasses ( 眼 镜 ), clothes, chopsticks, scissors, goods 等。这类名词用来表示数量时,常需 加 pair, suit 等量词。如:a pair of trousers, two pairs of socks, a suit of clothes。 ②有些名词单复数同形。如:sheep, deer, people, means, fish (鱼)等。

11 people, class, family, team, group, audience, cattle 等。当这类词强
③集体名词表示由若干个体组成的集合体,如:police, people, class, family, team, group, audience, cattle 等。当这类词强 调每一个个体成员时,是复数概念,作主语时谓语动词用复数; 如果强调整个团体,则视为单数概念,作主语时谓语动词用单 数。但 furniture, equipment, clothing 等此类集体名词是不可数名 词,作主语时谓语动词用单数。

12 这个名词变复数。如:two apple trees, shoe shops, ten boy students,
④由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时,通常只需将后面 这个名词变复数。如:two apple trees, shoe shops, ten boy students, girl friends, twin sisters。 但是,由 man, woman 作前置定语构成的复合名词变复数 时,man 或 woman 与后面的名词都要变复数。如:two men teachers, some women doctors。

13 (1)有些名词的单复数形式的意义不同。如: two fish 两条鱼
注意: (1)有些名词的单复数形式的意义不同。如: two fish 两条鱼 two fishes 两种鱼类 some people 一些人 some peoples 一些民族 (2)有些名词形式上是复数,但意义上是单数,一般看作单 数名词。如:news, mathematics/maths, physics, politics, the United States等。


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