基本英语句法.

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1 基本英语句法

2 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语（subject） 谓语（predicate）['predikeit] 表语（predicative）[pri'dikətiv] 宾语（object） 宾语补足语 ( object complement) 定语（attribute）[ə'tribju:t] 状语 (adverbial) [əd'və:biəl]

3 主语：是句子所论述的主题，也可以说是谓语的陈述对象。主语一般在句首。注意名词单复数形式与谓语的搭配！
1) Betty likes her new bike. 2) He reads newspapers everyday. 3) Two and ten is twelve. 4) Smoking is harmful to the health. 5) To learn a foreign language is not easy. 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.

4 谓语: 由动词构成，说明主语的动作，状态或特征。谓语动词有简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词之分。
1) The new term begins on the 1st of September. 2) His father is an engineer. 3) She seemed happy. 4) He turned off the light just now. 5) We must study English hard. 6)They have lived here for tewnty years.

5 宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物.也可用于介词之后构成介词短语。宾语有直接宾语（direct object)和间接宾语（indirect object)之分。
1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. 2) I saw him yesterday. 3) How many pieces do you want? 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions. 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? 6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight

6 表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动 词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
1)Wang’s father is a doctor. 2) He is always careless. 3) The basketball match is on. 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. 5) Our aim is to win more medals. 6) His work is teaching French. 7) The question is who can really repair the machines.

7 宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明 宾语 的动作,状态,特征.
宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明 宾语 的动作,状态,特征. 1) We elected him monitor. 2) The teacher thought the girl rather clever. 3) We saw the pupils playing basketball.

8 定语(attribute):是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
Tom is a handsome boy. The two boys are students. His boy needs Tom's pen. The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. The boy needs a ball pen. The best boy here is Tom. There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.

9 状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
1) She sings quite well. 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 3) He sits there, asking for a pen. 4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German.

10 用符号标出下列句子的成分： 1) I saw your uncle in the shop yesterday.
2) Her father became a Party member in 1950. 3) To sleep on a spring bed is very comfortable. 4) Mr. Hopkins teaches Mary English. 5) She knows how to teach English properly. 6) The next morning, we found him lying in bed, dead. 7) Being Chinese, we care much about how many gold medals the Chinese team has got. 8). Who are you looking for?

11 Analyze the sentences:
1.The students often keep their classroom clean and tidy. 2.We find it impossible to finish the task in such short time. 3.The question being discussed seemed important. 4.The town towards which we are moving is the one I used to live in. 5.Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him. 6.We heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is on its way.

12 1.The person we spoke to ___no answer at first.
A. make B. making　 C. makes　D. made 2.Who do you think ___us a talk this afternoon? A. to give　B. gave　C. will give　D. giving 3、The days we look forward to ____at last. A. comes B. to come　 C. came D. coming 4.Time should be made good use of ___our lessons well. A. learning　B. learned　C. to learn D. learns 　 5.We should do all we can ___ him. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helps D C C C A

13 6.Why all the boys fell ill suddenly _C__ still unknown.
A. are B. was C. is D. were 7.“Can’t you read”? Mary said _A__ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 8.Whom would you rather have C__ with you? A. to go B. gone C. go D. went 9.What do you consider B__ to them? A. to happen B. happened C. happening D. happen

14 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 每天八时开始上课。 Classes begin at eight every day. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.

15 他失业了。 He is out of work. 他们成功地完成了计划 They have carried out the plan successfully. 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 我开窗户你在意吗？ Do you mind my opening the window? 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.

16 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。 This term I have written three letters to my parents. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 My father has bought me a new bike. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。 Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. 新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。 The new machine will save you a lot of labour.

17 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 All of us considered him honest. 他们把门推开了。 They pushed the door open 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 I have never seen the word used that way before. 男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。 The boys were watching the soldiers drilling. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 I think it more comfortable to go there by ship. 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。 I thought it no use talking with that man.