名词性从句.

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1 名词性从句

2 名词性从句 Noun Clause 主语从句 Subject Clasuse 宾语从句 Object Clause 表语从句
Predicative 同位语从句 同位语从句 Appositive Clause 从句一律保持陈述语序。

3 How should we use modern technology?
The problem is … The problem is how we should use modern technology. When will man be able to live on Mars? ….is unknown to us all. When man will be able to live on Mars is unknown to us all. Where will all these advanced technology lead us ? I can’t imagine…. I can’t imagine where all these advanced technology will lead us.

4 His success in the competition made us happy.
That he succeeded in the competition in the game made us happy. 一个句子， 在连词的引导下，在另一个句子中充当名词使用，叫名词从句

5 名词性从句可以表示：事实和问题。 1.连接词有： that whether 和 lf
2.连接代词有：who whom whose which what 等 3.连接副词有：when where why how 等 另外 whatever whoever whichever等 也可 以引导主语和宾语两种从句。 名词性从句中的“that”没有词义，也不作任何成分。

6 1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分 1). That he will succeed is certain .
2) Whether he will go there is not known . 3) What he said is not true . 4) Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5) Whoever comes is welcome. 6) It’s certain that he will succeed . 7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.

7 It 的用法： （形式主语） It’s possible/important/necessary/clear… that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚… It’s said/ reported/believed/thought/known… that..据说/据报道/据信/人们认为/众所周知… It’s been announced/declared that..已经通知/宣布… It seems/appears/happens.. that…显然、明显、 碰巧.. It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑… It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） / a common saying that….（俗话说）

8 注 意： “if” 不能引导主语从句，应用“whether”引导。 主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。
注 意： “if” 不能引导主语从句，应用“whether”引导。 主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。 “what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词： 1）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。 What you left are only several old books. What you said is of great importance. What he says and does doesn’t concern me. What he says and does don’t agree.

9 Where and when he was born has not been found.
4.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。 Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.

10 5. It is necessary /important/natural
/strange that sb/sth (should) +do … Eg.It’s necessary that we (should) learn English.

11 Which; belong to b. As, belonged to
___ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. ___we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3.___ is known to us all is that America is a developed country____the First World. Which; belong to b. As, belonged to c. What; belonging to d. It; belonging to

12 4. It’s known to us all ___ a form of energy .
A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit ___ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. That C. what D. when 6.What I say and think ___ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have

13 2. 宾语从句：从在句句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）
连词：that, whether，if （ that 常可省略） 连接代词：who, what, which, whoever, whatever, 连接副词： when where why how 1). They know that the habit will kill them. 2).It all depends on whether they will support us . 3) He asked how much I paid for the violin. 4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job . 5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.

14 注 意： 1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。 travels
注 意： 1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。 2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容 为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。 The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. travels

15 3.注意：由that引导的宾语从句 that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。 He told me (that )he had graduated and that he wanted to work in a big company.

16 I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
4.注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用 “should+ 动词原形”，should 可省。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.

17 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.
但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. She insisted that she didn’t steal the necklace.

18 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
5.用whether或if引导的宾语句 whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?

19 6当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。 We don’t believe that he will win the game. I don’t think he will do so.

20 1.He has made it clear that he will not give in.
7.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。 1.He has made it clear that he will not give in. 2.We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled. 3.I took it for granted that they were not coming. 4.I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time.

21 We doubt whether/ if he can win the game.
8.doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。 We doubt whether/ if he can win the game. I don’t doubt that he will win the game. I’m not sure whether he will attend the party.

22 连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. I would like to give the book to whoever needs it. Whoever breaks the law, he/she should be punished. =No matter who breaks the law

23 The radio says it _______ cloudy tomorrow. (be)
The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go) Tom says that they _________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening. I hear they __________ (return) it already. He said that they _________ members of the Party since (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been

24 6. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter. (write)
7. Could you tell me who _________ away the book already? (take) 8. Ling Feng told me he _________ to the Great Wall several times. (be) wrote has taken had been

25 The question is whether we can rely on him.
3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。 连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导 表语从句) 连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him. That’s because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . That’s why I was late .

26 注 意： 在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。 一般情况下，“that”不能省。
注 意： 在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。 一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because …. It is /was why…. 3. The reason (why…/for…)is /was that…. 4 The reason is because /why… that ….

27 1. That’s ___ the Party called on us to do.
A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is ___ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3 .That is ___ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer ___ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when

28 4）The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
4 同位语从句：一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明. 同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 等 1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people . 2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them . 3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness. 4）The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.

29 I have no idea =I don’t know when he will be back.
how he can get the treasure. where the concert will be hold. who can finish the work. why it happened. I have no idea which pen is mine. =I don’t know what we should do next. 引导词，并完成P29，Part4；P96，Ex.2。 whom they are talking about. whether it’ll rain tomorrow. that our football team won the game.

30 I have heard the news that he visited our factory .
I have heard the news that he told you the other day . 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： 1 同位语从句——that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分 定语从句 —— that 是关系代词，起连接作用并且 代替先行词在从句中充当宾语和主语 2同位语从句——同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明 定语从句 ——定语从句和前面的名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定 3同位语从句——that 不能省 定语从句 ——that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省

31 1. ____made the school proud was ____more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D That / because 2.___she couldn’t understand was ___ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that B A B 3. He is absent from school . It is __ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason

32 4 ___has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising .
A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 5. Information has been put forward __ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A that B how C where D what D A A 6. ___ is no possibility ___ Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, which

33 1 – I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
-- Is that ___you had a few days off ? A why B when C what D where 2 Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game ? --- Oh ,that’s ___. A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited A A

34 3.__ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect .
A What B That C This D Which 4. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly __ he wants . A what B which C when D that 5. We made the suggestion that he ___ his work . A continues B continue C continued D had continued B A B

35 6.There will be a special price for ____ buys things in large number here.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever 7. Mary wrote an article on ____ the team had failed to win the game . why B. what C. who D. that 8.The poor young man is ready to accept __ help he can get. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D.whenever

36 9.Many newspaper printed the governor’s statement _____ would support a tax cut.
and he B. was that he C which he D that he 10._____ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun. Which B. How C. What D. That 11.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

37 14. ______ breaks the law should be punished.
12. Can you make sure ___ the gold rings? A. where she had put B. where had she put C. where she has put D. where has she put 13.The reason that has been such a success ___ he never gives up. A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what 14. ______ breaks the law should be punished. A Whoever b. No matter who c. anyone d. who

38 15. That is ___ I had to take the risk of being washed away.
A. why B. reason why C. how D. what 16. Do ___ you think is right ___ difficulties you may have. A. what ;however B. that ;whatever C. whatever ; whoever D. what; whatever 17.The workers considered it important ___ the boss would agree to give them a rise. A. whether B. how C. where D. which

39 A. that B. in that C. in the fact D. in the fact that
18. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 19. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. how 20. Difficulty lies ___ we have no money. A. that B. in that C. in the fact D. in the fact that 21. I don’t think the question of ___ they are old or young is important. A. which B. whether C. how D. why

40 22. It makes no difference ___ you will go today or tomorrow.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what 23. _____ should be sent to work there? A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should

41 24. The news ____ Lincoln was murdered filled the American people’s hearts with deep sorrow.
A. which B. when C. that D. how 25. ____ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 26. I don’t trust his promise ___ he will buy me a new car. A. which B. what C. when D. that

42 27. She received the message ___ he would come by plane.
A. that B. which C. what D. when 28. Energy is ___ makes things work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that 29.Our city has changed a lot ,and now it is quite different from __ a few years ago. A. what it used to be B. that it used to be C.which it used to be D. what was it

43 30. We all know the truth ___ there are air ,water and sunlight,there are living things.
A. wherever B. where C. that D. that wherever 31.The true value of life is not in ___ , but____. A. how you get ;that you give B.which you get;what you give C.what you get ;what you give D. what do you get ;what do you give 32.___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It

44 Good bye