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Part2 考点4 Part2 语法专题 考点4 介词和连词.

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Presentation on theme: "Part2 考点4 Part2 语法专题 考点4 介词和连词."— Presentation transcript:

1 Part2 考点4 Part2 语法专题 考点4 介词和连词

2 介词在湖南高考中主要出现在完形填空Part B部分中。
 1.主要考查的知识点:介词的基本用法及固定搭配等。  复习重点:  (1)掌握介词的用法特点:介词后面必须接名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等作宾语。  (2)掌握介词的固定搭配

3  2.如何应对介词填空的考查  介词的判断:根据介词常与动词、形容词及名词搭配以及后接名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等作宾语这一特点,对空格作出是否填介词的判断。

4  Finally, cell phones can be turned __55__ or telephone calls not answered. For these reasons, after­school notes are very popular with parents.  思路点拨:or连接两个句子,or前为一个完整的句子,与turn构成短语的有介词和副词,此处turn ______短语的逻辑宾语为cell phones, 在结合后句的句意“电话不接”,可知此处要表达的意思为“手机被关掉”,turn off关掉,所以此空填off。

5 熟 读 深 思 1.介词的分类与语法功能 用适当的介词填空 (1) It is going to rain this afternoon according_to the weather forecast. (2) He quarrelled with her yesterday. (3) He succeeded in passing the final exam. (4) I'm still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.

6 熟 读 深 思 (5)The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well. (6)This machine is in good condition.(表语) (7)Where is the key to my bike?(定语) (8)Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语) (9)She always thinks herself above others.(宾补)

7 归 纳 总 结 规则1:介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一定成分。  介词分为:简单介词,如at, in, for等;合成介词,如within, inside, onto, throughout等;短语介词,如according to, out of, because of, by means of, in spite of, instead of等;双重介词,如from behind / above / under, until after等;分词介词,如:considering, including, judging(from / by) 等。

8 归 纳 总 结 规则2:介词可后接名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等作宾语。如:(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)。介词或介词短语还可在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如:(6)、(7)、(8)、(9)。

9 熟 读 深 思 2.核心介词用法归纳与辨析 (1)We have not seen each other since 1995. (2)I hope to do morning exercise from today. (3)We'll be back in three days. (4)After seven the rain began to fall. (5)What shall we do after graduation? (6)Changchun is in the northeast of China. (7)Mongolia is on the north of China. (8)Japan is to the east of China.

10 熟 读 深 思 (9)There is a book on the piece of paper. (10)There is an interesting article in the newspaper. (11)Water flows through the pipe. (12)The old man walked across the street. (13)I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. (14)His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. (15)Read the text in a loud voice.

11 归 纳 总 结 规则1:表示时间的at, in, on: at表示片刻的时间,常用词组有:at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。 in表示一段时间,如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。 on总是跟日子有关,如:on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。

12 归 纳 总 结 规则2:表示时间的since和from:since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系,一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用,如:(1)、(2)。 规则3:表示时间的in和after:两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后”,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”,而after则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后)”,in短语和将来时态连用,after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用,如:(3)、(4)、(5)。

13 归 纳 总 结 【注意】after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时中)。 规则4:表示地理位置的in, on, to:in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外,如:(6)、(7)、(8)。 规则5:表示“在……上”的on和in:on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分,如:(9)、(10)。 规则6:表示“穿过……”的through和across:through表示从内部通过,与in 有关;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关,如:(11)、(12)。

14 归 纳 总 结 规则7:besides, except, but, except for:besides指“除了……还有,再加上”。except指“除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似,表示“除了……外”,经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示“如无……就,只是”,表明理由细节,如:(14)。 规则8:表示“用”的in和with:表示工具的“用”,用with;而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”,用in,如:(15)。

15 熟 读 深 思 3.介词的搭配 改错: (1) She was robbed for her wallet on her way home.(for→of) (2) The restaurant supplies us about delicious food.(about→with) (3) The sunshine struck him on the eye.(on→in) (4) He is afraid for being punished by his teacher for breaking the glass.(for→of) (5) He has two sons who are studying abroad and he takes pride at them.(at→in)

16 归 纳 总 结 规则1:“动词+介词”搭配 1. rob her of her wallet / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of连用)如:(1) 2. supply us with food / fill the glass with wine(“供给”意义的动词与with连用)如:(2) 3. make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat(“制作、制造”意义与of,from,into连用)

17 归 纳 总 结 4. 介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系(=动词 + sb.'s + 部位)如:(3) strike him on the head(“击,拍,碰,摸”意义与on连用) catch him by the arm(“抓,拉,拿,扯”意义与by连用) hit the boy in the face(“肚,胸,眼,脸”等人体前部与in连用)

18 归 纳 总 结 规则2:常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。 Afraid of担心……,如:(4)。 for 替……而担心 anxious for sth.渴望…… about sth. / sb.担心…… Different from…与……不同 to…不关心…… Tired of讨厌…… from/ with因……疲倦 Strict with sb.严格要求某人 in sth.在某方面严格要求

19 归 纳 总 结 规则3:“名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。 take pride in them为他们感到骄傲,如:(5)。 the key to the question问题的答案 a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药 the ticket for tomorrow明天的票

20 连词在湖南高考中主要出现在完形填空Part B部分中。
 1.主要考查的知识点:连词本身的意义及句法功能。  复习重点:  (1)掌握连词的意义  (2)常见连词的用法区别

21  2.如何应对连词的考查  (1)并列连词的判断  并列连词是连接主语与主语,谓语与谓语,句子与句子,分词与分词等,它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用,那么,如果前后两部分的形式和语法作用相同,中间的连接词应当为并列连词,再根据前后两部分的关系确定用哪个并列连词。

22  I love music ______ my brother likes playing basketball.
 思路点拨:空格前后为两个句子,且形式和句子语法作用相同,那么该空应当为并列连词。前后两个句子表示的是一种对照、对比的关系,故此空该填while。  (2)从属连词的判断  从属连词是连接从句的词,所以首先要判断出主句和从句,从属连词便位于从句前,再根据从句和主句的关系确定该用哪一个从属连词。

23 Parents are busy people
Parents are busy people. If they are working, they are usually not at home __48__ their children return from school. 思路点拨:在这个复合句中,they are usually not at home为主句,their children return from school为从句,从句表示时间的先后,根据句意第48空可填after或when。

24 熟 读 深 思 1.连词的分类 (1)Not only is he clever,but also he is hard working. (2)Mr.Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit. (3)I don't know when he will come back. (4)He sang merrily as he was working.

25 归 纳 总 结 连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语,谓语与谓语,句子与句子,分词与分词的词,它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用,如:(1)、(2);而从属连词一般连接主句与从句,从句形式有名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句,如:(3)、(4)等。

26 熟 读 深 思 2.常见的从属连词用法及区别 (1)They didn't talk(延续性动词)until (till) the interpreter came. (2)He didn‘t go to bed(非延续性动词)until (till) his father came back.   (3)He talks as if he knew all about it. (4)It looks as if it is going to rain. (5)The question is whether we can finish the task on time.

27 熟 读 深 思 (6)I haven't decided whether to leave or not. (7)Everything depends on whether we have enough money. (8)Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia? (9)I don't know whether or not they will come. (10)We must do as the Party teaches us. (11)As you are tired, you had better rest. (12)Child as he is, he can do it well. (= Although he is a child, he can do it well.)

28 归 纳 总 结 规则1:当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别: ①while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时,或状态动词的一般时。 ②when除可指一段时间外,还可用来指一点时间,等于 “at the time”。 ③as常可与when,while通用,但强调“一边……一边……”。 ④when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致,主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时,这时主语和系动词可以省略。

29 归 纳 总 结 ⑤when有时代替if,引导条件句,意为“如果”、“假如”。 规则2:till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句,用于否定句时,结构为not …until (till),主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可,意为“直到……才……”。如:(1)、(2)。用于肯定句时,只与延续性动词连用,表示“到……为止”。until可以放在句首,till则不行。 规则3:because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别:

30 归 纳 总 结 ①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子,一定用because回答。 ②如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其他部分重要,就用as,或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。 规则4:在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中,根据情况要使用虚拟语气,如:(3)。但有时也可用陈述语气,如:(4)。

31 归 纳 总 结 规则5:whether, if引导从句的用法区别: ①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时,用whether,不用if,如:(5)。 ②whether可接不定式,而if则不可,如:(6)。 ③whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调,而if则不可,如:(7)。 ④whether和if均可引导宾语从句, whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句,if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的,也可以是否定的(此时不能用whether),如:(8)。

32 归 纳 总 结 ⑤引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置,它一般与 whether、if分开使用,有时它可与whether合起来使用,但不能与if合起来使用,如:(9)。

33 归 纳 总 结 规则6:as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。 ①as引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时”。 ②as引导方式状语从句,意为“像……一样”,如:(10)。 ③as引导原因状语从句,意为“由于”,如:(11)。 ④as引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”、“尽管”,如:(12)。 另外,as作为关系代词还可以引导定语从句。


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