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Thalamus jen martindale.

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Presentation on theme: "Thalamus jen martindale."— Presentation transcript:

1 thalamus jen martindale

2 Anatomy Internal Medullary Lamina (内髓板) Anterior Nuc (前核) VA (腹前核)
Lateral Dorsal (背外侧核) VL (腹外侧核) Lateral Posterior (后外侧核) VPL (腹后外侧核) VPM (腹后内侧核) Pulvinar (丘脑枕) DM LGN (外侧膝状体) MGN (内侧膝状体)

3 F39. Ventral Anterior (VA)

4 F36. D1 The Direct Loop VA Put GPe D1 GPi

5 F36. Anterior Nucleus VA Circuit of Papez
Cingulum (扣带) Output: Cingulate Cortex (扣带回) Circuit of Papez Anterior Nucleus Input: Hippocampus Fornix Input: Mamillary Body (乳头体) MTT VA

6 F34. ANT. VL DM Main Fxn: Affective Behavior (情感行为)
Output: Prefrontal Cortex Output: Primary Motor Cortex ANT. VL DM Input: Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Olfactory Cortex (下丘脑,杏仁核,嗅皮质) Input: Globus Pallidus SNr SNc (modulatory) Dentate of Cerebellum

7 D2 F34. The Indirect Loop VL Gpe 苍白球 外侧部 GPi D2 Subthalamic Nucleus

8 F31. Lateral dorsal DM Lateral Posterior Centromedian VPL
Fxn: Emotional Expression Output: Cingulate Lateral dorsal Fxn: Integrates sensory info Output: Superior Parietal Lobule (assoc cortex) DM Centromedian Lateral Posterior Input: ML, LSTT VPL Output: Face Region of Somatosensory Cortex Primary Somatosensory Cortex VPM Input:Main Nuc of V Spinal Nuc of V Subthalamic Nucleus VA/VL Input: GPe Output: GPi

9 F27. Input: primary visual cortex, pretectal nuclei, (顶盖前核) superior colliculus (上丘) Output: Association Cortices Pulvinar Blood Supply: Posterior Choroidal branch off PCA (后脉络膜动脉) Input: Nuc of Inf Colliculus (下丘) X MGN Output: Transverse Gyrus of Temporal Lobe (Heschl) X Input: Left Optic Tract LGN Lesion: No significant hearling loss Output: Primary Visual Cortex (banks of calcarine fissure) Blood Supply to LGN: Anterior Choroidal Artery (脉络膜前动脉) Lesion: Right Homonymous Hemianopsia

10 H4. va Reticular Nucleus vl vpm DM vpl CM Pulvinar
Input: Cortex and Thalamic Nuclei Output: Other Thalamic Nuclei and Mesencephalic RF Fxn: Inhibit other thalamic nuclei and RF va Reticular Nucleus vl vpm DM vpl CM Input: GP Pulvinar Output: Striatum

11 Functional Connections
Lesion: contralateral loss of pain/temp, discrim touch Globus Pallidus Substantia Nigra Mammillary Body Premotor Cortex Prefrontal Cortex Cingulate Gyrus VA GP SN Cerebellum (Dentate) Anterior VL Primary Motor Cortex (4) Supplementary Motor Cortex (5_ Cingulate LD Spinothalamic and DC/ML Sensory Cortex (3,1,2) DM Superior Parietal Cortex (5,7) VPM VPL LP TTT, Solitary Nucleus Amygdala Hypothalamus Olfactory Cortex Sensory Cortex Lesion: contralateral loss of pain/temp, discrim touch in head; ipsilateral loss of taste Prefrontal Cortex Pulvinar LGN Right Optic Tract Lesion: memory loss (Wernicke-Korsakoff) MGN Primary visual Cortex (17) (lingual gyrus, cuneus) Lesion: Left Homonymous Hemianopsia Lesion: Sensory Aphasia Primary Auditory Cortex (41,42) LGN, Superior Colliculus Brachium of Inferior Colliculus Association areas of temporal, occipital, parietal lobes

12 Sensory function of thalamus
二、丘脑的感觉功能 Sensory function of thalamus (一)丘脑的感觉核团 thalamic sensory nuclei 丘脑的核团可分为三大类:

13 1.第Ⅰ类细胞群即特异感觉接替核 (specific sensory relay nuclei): 此类核团接受除嗅觉外的第Ⅱ级神经 元感觉纤维的投射,换元后投射到大 脑皮层感觉区,引起特定感觉。包括 后腹核和内、外侧膝状体。

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15 1) 腹后核(ventral posterior nucleus )
①腹后外侧核为脊髓丘脑束和内侧 丘系的换元站,与躯体感觉有关。 ②腹后内侧核为三叉丘系的换元站, 与头面部感觉有关。

16 2)内侧膝状体:是听觉传导路的换元 站,发出的纤维向听觉皮层(颞叶) 投射。 3)外侧膝状体:是视觉传导路的换元 站,发出的纤维向视皮层(枕叶)投 射。

17 2.第Ⅱ类细胞群即感觉联络核 (associated nuclei) : 此类核团接受丘脑感觉接替核和其他皮层下中枢的纤维,换元后投射到大脑皮层某一特定区域。功能上与各种感觉在丘脑和大脑皮层水平间的联系协调有关。如:丘脑前核、丘脑外侧腹核、丘脑枕核等。

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19 1)下丘脑乳头体→丘脑前核→皮层 扣带回,参与内脏活动调节; 2)小脑、苍白球、后腹核→丘脑腹外侧核→皮层运动区,参与皮层对肌肉的运动调节; 3)内、外侧膝状体→丘脑枕核→皮层的顶叶、枕叶和颞叶的中间联络区,参与各种感觉的联系功能。

20 3.第Ⅲ类细胞群即非特异投射核群 (nonspecific projection nuclei): 靠近丘脑中线的,内髓板以内的 各种结构。主要指髓板内核群。 包括:中央中核、束旁核、中央 外侧核等。

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22 此类核团没有直接投射到大脑皮层的纤维,但可接受脑干网状结构上行纤维的投射,再通过多突触换元后弥散地投射到整个大脑皮层,起着维持和改变大脑皮层兴奋状态的作用。

23 (二)感觉投射系统Sensory projection system
根据丘脑各部分向大脑皮层投射特 征的不同,分成两大系统: 1.特异投射系统(Specific projection system) 1)为丘脑第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类核团向大脑皮 层特定区的投射,具有点对点投 射关系。

24 2)经典传导路:三级神经元接替; 视觉传导路:包括视杆和视锥细 胞在内为四级神经 元接替; 听觉传导路:经更多神经元接替; 嗅觉传导路:与感觉接替核无关;

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26 3)来自特异投射系统的上行投射纤维终止于皮层第四层,与该层内的神经元形成突触联系,并通过若干中间神经元接替,转而与大锥体细胞形成兴奋性突触联系,诱发其兴奋;
4)功能:引起特定的感觉,并激发大脑皮层发出传出冲动。

27 2.非特异投射系统 (Non-specific projection system) 1)为丘脑第Ⅲ类核团向大脑皮层的弥 散性投射,不具有点对点投射关系; 2)由于通过网状结构反复换元,失去了 专一的特异性感觉的传导功能,是不 同感觉的共同上升路径;

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29 3)其上行纤维进入皮层后反复分支, 终止到各层,与各层神经元的树突 形成突触联系。这种联系不易引起 神经元局部兴奋的总和,只能以电 紧张形式影响细胞的兴奋状态; 4)功能:不能引起特定的感觉,但能 维持和改变大脑皮层的兴奋状态。


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