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学习写诗 Poetry Writing Teaching Practice

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1 学习写诗 Poetry Writing Teaching Practice
贵州镇远文德中学 吴永登 Zheng Yuan Middle school Yongdeng Wu 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

2 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices
诗文之别 诗文之别,不在于表达的智慧(情与思),而在于智慧的表达(语言及语言的组织形式)。 文是表现,是一杯泡开的茶,酽香由思维的唇舌去品; 诗是暗示,是一袋焙干的茶,酽香因思维的沸水重生。 阅文侧重于观赏情境,读诗侧重于创造情境。 一切好的文学作品,都具有诗的特质,不管是散文,还是小说,抑或戏剧。 挠痒文 “哎呀,快来快来,帮我挠挠痒,挠不着,受不了了。”老李仰成一张弓,右手反过背去胡乱抓着。老张悠悠地挪过来,问:“哪儿痒呢?” 。“上边。”老李急急地回答。“这儿吗?”老张有些漫不经心。“不是,下边下边。”“这儿?”“不是不是,唉。”“这……”“喔,正是正是,就是那儿!就是那儿! 。”老李啧啧砸嘴说,一脸幸福。 挠痒诗 上边上边, 下边下边。 不是不是, 正是正是! 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

3 Difference between poetry and prose
The Difference between poetry and prose lies not in thoughts and ideas, but in genre and style, in choices of lexis and syntax . Prose is a performance, like a cup of steaming tea, spreading a strong smell for us to enjoy , while poem is an art of hinting, like a bag of dried tea, calling for thoughts to brew it. Reading a prose is a process of enjoying its setting and plot, but appreciating poem is to reconstruct it. Every excellent literature has the characteristics of poems, whether it is a prose or a fiction, or a drama. 挠痒文 “哎呀,快来快来,帮我挠挠痒,挠不着,受不了了。”老李仰成一张弓,右手反过背去胡乱抓着。老张悠悠地挪过来,问:“哪儿痒呢?” 。“上边。”老李急急地回答。“这儿吗?”老张有些漫不经心。“不是,下边下边。”“这儿?”“不是不是,唉。”“这……”“喔,正是正是,就是那儿!就是那儿! 。”老李啧啧砸嘴说,一脸幸福。 挠痒诗 上边上边, 下边下边。 不是不是, 正是正是! 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

4 一、取象 Creation of Imagery
书不尽言,言不尽意,立象以尽意。 There is more what I want to say but cannot, imagery says all. 取象——从情境中提取能够传达诗人情意、能够表现眼前情境特征的意象——这是作诗的首要任务。 The Choice of images and conception of Beauty is key to composing poems . 象有虚实之分,实象是眼前之象,虚象是联想和想象中象。 Images consists of real ones and the ideal ones. The intangible images are the points of the continuum from association to imagination . 象有人、事、景、物之类。 The choice of images covers people, events, scene, and the like. 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

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二、组合 Combination 中国古诗文中常采用多种意象并置的方式,产生形象鲜明,内容密集而意蕴深厚的情境。 Multiple images are often used in ancient Chinese poetry , resulting a vivid imagination with intensive content and profound meaning. 孤舟蓑笠翁 独钓寒江雪 1、分解:孤 舟 蓑 笠 翁 独 钓 寒 江 雪 仔细体会分解和组合所带来的意境的微妙区别。 2、归类 : 象—舟、蓑、笠、翁、钓、江、雪 意—孤、独、寒 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

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二、组合 Combination “象+连缀词+象”的组合——这是一般诗句的构成形式。连缀词多是寄寓诗人情感处。 The combination of “Image + infix-like word+ Image " is a normal form of the composition of verse.  Infix-like words are hints of the poets’ emotion. 如: e.g. 孤 lonely 舟 skiff 蓑  coir raincoat 笠 straw cape 翁 the aged 独solely 钓 fish 寒nippy 江river 雪snow 孤舟蓑笠翁 独钓寒江雪 1、分解:孤 舟 蓑 笠 翁 独 钓 寒 江 雪 仔细体会分解和组合所带来的意境的微妙区别。 2、归类 : 象—舟、蓑、笠、翁、钓、江、雪 意—孤、独、寒 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

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三、韵律 Rhythm 诗的音乐性主要是语言的韵律,体现在两方面: 1、外在的韵律节奏:语言文字的声调、用韵、回环、复叠等。 2、内在的随诗人起伏而变化的情感节奏。 Rhythm is the music of Poetry, which is reflected in two aspects: 1. External meter in verse: Tone, loop, cascade and so on. 2. internal meter is Inherent with the rhythm of the poet’s emotion. 诗、文在韵律上的区别 诗:商山早行温庭筠 晨起动征铎,客行悲故乡。 鸡声茅店月,人迹板桥霜。 槲叶落山路,枳花明驿墙。 因思杜陵梦,凫雁满回塘 文: 与朱元思书 吴均 风烟俱净,天山共色。从流飘荡,任意东西。自富阳至桐庐,一百许里,奇山异水,天下独绝。   水皆缥碧,千丈见底。游鱼细石,直视无碍。急湍甚箭,猛浪若奔。   夹岸高山,皆生寒树,负势竞上,互相轩邈;争高直指,千百成峰。泉水激石,泠泠作响;好鸟相鸣,嘤嘤成韵。蝉则千转不穷,猿则百叫无绝。鸢飞戾天者,望峰息心;经纶世务者,窥谷忘反。横柯上蔽,在昼犹昏;疏条交映,有时见日。 诗文比较可知,古代诗歌尤其是近体诗中的律诗,如《商山早行》其用韵、平仄、对仗,都有许多讲究。《与朱元思书》已是骈文,虽词采隽永、音节和谐,但是在韵律上还是较近体诗要宽松得多。 诗歌的音乐性示例: 坎坎伐檀兮,置之河之干兮,河水清且涟猗。不稼不穑,胡取禾三百廛兮?不狩不猎,胡瞻尔庭有悬獾兮。彼君子兮,不素餐兮。 《诗经·伐檀》 汴水流、泗水流,流到瓜洲古渡头。吴山点点愁。 思悠悠,恨悠悠,恨到归时方始休。月明人倚楼。 《长相思》白居易 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

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三、韵律 Rhythm 《长相思》白居易 汴水流、泗水流,流到瓜洲古渡头。吴山点点愁。 思悠悠,恨悠悠,恨到归时方始休。月明人倚楼。 Forever Longing Bai Juyi The Bian River flows, the Si River flows Both flowing to the ancient ferry at Guazhou Mount Wu wears patches of woes. Longing endlessly, grieving endlessly Won’t stop grieving till he returns. Under the bright moon, leaning against the tower alone. 诗、文在韵律上的区别 诗:商山早行温庭筠 晨起动征铎,客行悲故乡。 鸡声茅店月,人迹板桥霜。 槲叶落山路,枳花明驿墙。 因思杜陵梦,凫雁满回塘 文: 与朱元思书 吴均 风烟俱净,天山共色。从流飘荡,任意东西。自富阳至桐庐,一百许里,奇山异水,天下独绝。   水皆缥碧,千丈见底。游鱼细石,直视无碍。急湍甚箭,猛浪若奔。   夹岸高山,皆生寒树,负势竞上,互相轩邈;争高直指,千百成峰。泉水激石,泠泠作响;好鸟相鸣,嘤嘤成韵。蝉则千转不穷,猿则百叫无绝。鸢飞戾天者,望峰息心;经纶世务者,窥谷忘反。横柯上蔽,在昼犹昏;疏条交映,有时见日。 诗文比较可知,古代诗歌尤其是近体诗中的律诗,如《商山早行》其用韵、平仄、对仗,都有许多讲究。《与朱元思书》已是骈文,虽词采隽永、音节和谐,但是在韵律上还是较近体诗要宽松得多。 诗歌的音乐性示例: 坎坎伐檀兮,置之河之干兮,河水清且涟猗。不稼不穑,胡取禾三百廛兮?不狩不猎,胡瞻尔庭有悬獾兮。彼君子兮,不素餐兮。 《诗经·伐檀》 汴水流、泗水流,流到瓜洲古渡头。吴山点点愁。 思悠悠,恨悠悠,恨到归时方始休。月明人倚楼。 《长相思》白居易 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

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四、倒错 Perversion 句子的语序倒装、错位、重组后产生的表意并无多大差异,但情趣、意味却完全不同的语言技巧。 常规句法: 鹦鹉啄余香稻粒,凤凰栖老碧梧枝 倒错句法: 香稻啄余鹦鹉粒,碧梧栖老凤凰枝 洞 庭 秋 木 落 黄 叶 晚 蝉 吟 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

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四、倒错 Perversion Inverting order of words in one sentence makes not much ideographic difference, but results in completely different flavor. General syntax: parrot peck at grain aromatic rice, old Phoenix perches on branch of green buttonwood Perversion syntax: aromatic grain rice , parrots is pecking at, On green buttonwood old Phoenix takes its perch. Hollow Court Autumn Wood  Falling Yellow Leaf  Night Cicada Chanting 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

11 五、换元 Substitution 练习 student’s practice: 鸟鸣翠山青,
Birds are chirping in green mountains 隐泉石间行。 while winding spring flows in cracks. 鸣笛戏幽草, I play a tune to flirt the grass, 清风抚瑶琴。 but breeze tries to caress the lute. 这是一中学生的诗作,写得如何?尤其是诗中动词或形容词运用得怎么样? This is a poem by a student, how is it?  What about the lexical selection? 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

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总结 Conclusion 读者鉴赏诗歌: 诗人写诗过程(与鉴赏诗歌相反): 诗歌是一朵开在文学圣殿里的奇葩 诗歌是一杯醉在心灵最深处的茅台 诗歌是一把亮在人生路途上的火炬 文字 画面(意象) 情感 作者 作者 情感 画面(意象) 文字 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

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总结 Conclusion 1 appreciating a poem words – images- emotion - poet 2 when writing poetry poet – emotion – images – words Poetry is exotic flowers among literature works  Poetry is fragrant wine enjoyed by heart  Poetry is a bright torch on the road of life 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices

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谢谢大家 Thank you ! 2019/4/11 ITIE2010 Inspiration from Best Practices


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