The Adverbial Clause (状语从句).

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1 The Adverbial Clause (状语从句)

2 一,什么是状语从句 状语从句在复合句中作状语,来说明一件事情发生的时间,地点,原因,条件,结果等. 二,状语从句的分类 时间，地点，条件，原因，让步，目的，方式，结果，比较

3 whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
一 时间状语从句 １ when / whenever When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。 We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。 when指的是“某一具体的时间”。 whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。

4 2 when / while/ as When 既可指某一时间点,也可指一段时间;

5 When he returned, his wife was cooking.
While he was reading, his wife was cooking. As he was reading, he was listening to the radio.

6 注意: when / while都可以做并列连词,连接并列句,when表示 “就在这时”和 “was doing”, “had just done”和 “was about to do”连用;while则表示转折“然而”

7 My father was cooking while my mother was playing cards.
I was walking in the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. 我正在街上走着，就在这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 My father was cooking while my mother was playing cards.

8 3 “一……就……” As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.
upon(on)+V-ing /n. at+n. The crying boy smiled at the sight of his mother. on arriving (leaving, returning…) 2.immediately +句子 3.the +时间名词(minute/moment ……)+句子

9 hardly…when no sooner…than
我刚一到家，就下雨了。 I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. hardly…when no sooner…than

10 4 before It will be +一段时间+before从句(does) 要过……才能做
It will not be +一段时间+before从句 要不了…… 就能做 It was +一段时间+before从句(did) 过了……做了…… It was not+一段时间+before从句(did) 没过……做了……

11 It is 10 years since I smoked.(=I gave up smoking/dropped smoking)
It is/ has been +一段时间＋since 从句(did) 延续性动词:反过来翻译 短暂性动词:直译 It is 10 years since I smoked.(=I gave up smoking/dropped smoking) 自从我不抽烟已有10年了.

12 6 till /until(在句首、与not无间隔连用及在强调句中只用until)
We waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。 She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .她到11点钟才停止工作。 如主句动词是延续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”;如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直到…才”

13 not until 句型 I didn’t go to sleep until he came back.
与强调句型结合 I didn’t go to sleep until he came back. 与倒装句式结合 It was not until he came back that I went to sleep. Not until he came back did I go to sleep.

14 三 原因状语从句 because / since
because表示直接的原因,具有很强的因果关系,专门回答对 “why”的提问; since=now that, 表示很明显的原因,翻译成“既然”，通常放句首; Eg: It was because his mother was badly ill that he was unhappy. Since everyone knows it, I will not say anything.

15 The day breaks, for the birds are singing.

16 if , unless( if…not), so/as long as,
四 条件状语从句 if , unless( if…not), so/as long as, 1, 连接词： 2, 注意点： 分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气 If I were you, I would ask the police for help. 条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时

17 If 从句had Ved ,主句 +have Ved 3)与将来事实相反：
在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事 实相反的条件和结果。 1) 与现在事实相反： If 从句 …, 主句 V原 2)与过去事实相反： If 从句had Ved ,主句 have Ved 3)与将来事实相反： should (would could, might) were V-ed should (would could, might) did should were to should (would could, might)

18 1、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果 eg.If I were you ,I would go at once. 我是你的话，我会马上走。 eg.If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。

19 2.表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果 eg.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would/could/might have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。 eg.If I had had the money last week, I should /would/could/might have bought a car.如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。

20 3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果 eg.If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。 If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out .如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

21 五 目的状语从句 so that/ in order that引导目的状语 从句,常用情态动词may (might)/ can (could) /should 等连用. I raised my voice so that everyone could hear me.

22 so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词;such 在主句中修饰名词
六 结果状语从句 so that/so…that/such…that I raised my voice, so that everyone heard me. He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word. She told us such an interesting story that we all forgot the time. so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词;such 在主句中修饰名词

23 as，按照或正如 as if/as though好象,似乎 七 方式状语从句 Draw a cat as I taught you .
按照我教你的画一只猫。 Do as you are told. 按照人家告诉你做的去做。 as，按照或正如 They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal. 他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。 as if/as though好象,似乎

24 I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
八 让步状语从句 though/although不能与but连用, 但可与yet或still连用 Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French. even if/even though“即使,纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。 I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨，我也要去。

25 no matter +疑问词 /wh－ever
as 倒装句 Child as he is , he knows a lot . 尽管他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。 Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors. 尽管天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。 Do it no matter what others say. No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day. as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。

26 九 比 较 状 语 从 句 as…as not so …as the same as such…as than

27 His book is the same as mine.
他的书和我的一样。 Henry is not such a good worker as Peter . 享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。

28 倍数表达法 他们的房子是我们的两倍. Their room is twice bigger than ours.
Their room is twice as big as ours. Their room is twice the size of ours. Length /height/weight/ width