The Attributive Clause

The Attributive Clause
Grammar Class The Attributive Clause Linxiaolin

I.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：
Do you know the man who/that is standing over there? 2) The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen that/which I lost yesterday? 4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League. 5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 6) Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late for school. 7) Who is the person whose handwriting is the best of you? 8) The book that/which is about the USA has been lost.

1)Do you know the man who/that is standing over there? 2) The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen that/which I lost yesterday? 4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League. 5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 6) Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late for school. 7) Who is the person whose handwriting is the best of you? 8) The book that/which is about the USA has been lost.

Do you know the man who/that is standing over there? 2) The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen that/which I lost yesterday? 4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League. 5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 6) Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late for school. 7) Who is the person whose handwriting is the best of you? 8) The book that/which is about the USA has been lost.

1)Do you know the man who/that is standing over there? 2) The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen that/which I lost yesterday? 4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League. 5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 6) Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late for school. 7) Who is the person whose handwriting is the best of you? 8) The book that/which is about the USA has been lost.

Do you know the man who/that is standing over there?
2) The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen that/which I lost yesterday? 4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League. 5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 6) Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late for school. 7) Who is the person whose handwriting is the best of you? 8) The book that/which is about the USA has been lost. 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，在例一中的man 就是先行词。

1)Do you know the man who/that is standing over there?
2) The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen that/which I lost yesterday? 4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League. 5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 6) Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late for school. 7) Who is the person whose handwriting is the best of you? 8) The book that/which is about the USA has been lost. 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，在例一中的man 就是先行词。

2) The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen that/which I lost yesterday? 4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League. 5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 6) Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late for school. 7) Who is the person whose handwriting is the best of you? 8) The book that/which is about the USA has been lost. 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，在例一中的 man 就是先行词。

2) The girl (that/who/whom) we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen (that/which )I lost yesterday? 4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League. 5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 6) Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late for school. 7) Who is the person whose handwriting is the best of you? 8) The book that/which is about the USA has been lost. 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，在例一中的 man 就是先行词。引导定语从句的词，叫关系词，分为关系代词关系副词

引导定语从句的词 that,which, who,whom,whose 关系代词
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句中间起联系的作用，同时作定语从句的一个成分。关系词关系副词 when,where,why

分析关系词在定语从句中的作用 Do you know the man who/that is standing over there? 2) The girl (that/who/whom) we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen (that/which) I lost yesterday? 4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League. 5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 6) Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late 7) Who is the person whose handwriting is the best of you? 8) The book that/which is about the USA has been lost. 指人作主语注意谓语动词指人作宾语可省略指物作宾语可省略指时间作状语指地点作状语指原因作状语指人作定语指物作主语注意谓语动词

关系代词的用法小结主谓一致指人的关系代词主语 that/who 可省略宾语 that/who(m) 定语 whose 主谓一致
指物的关系代词主语 that/which 可省略宾语 that/which 定语 whose

whose 多指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。
1）Jenny is the student whose handwriting is the best in her class.（作定语,指人） 2) I live in the room whose windows face east.（作定语,指物）

1.That's the kind woman___________takes care of the children.
Ⅰ.用下列关系代词that,which,who,whom and whose填空。 1.That's the kind woman___________takes care of the children. 2.The nurse is speaking to the woman_______daughter is badly ill. 3.The trees__________ we planted five years ago have grown very big. 4.They walked up to a house__________had a red door. 5.Do you work in the building________color is yellow? 6.He is not the person ______________I am looking for. 7. He ___________does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. that/who whose that/which that/which whose that/who/whom that/who

关系副词的用法小结 when where why 表示时间，在从句中作时间状语表示地点，在从句中作地点状语表示原因，在从句中作原因状语

1.That's the day_______he did the experiment.
ⅠI.用下列关系副词where,when,why填空。 1.That's the day_______he did the experiment. 2.This is the desk _______I put the book That is the bus stop _______I waited for you that day. 4.I still remember the time______he left. 5.That is the place_______he was born. 6.I haven’t known the reason ______he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday. when where where when where why

替换关系副词 1.That‘s the day when he did the experiment. 2.. This is the desk where I put the book. 3.That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 4.I still remember the time when he left. 5.That is the place where he was born. 6.I haven’t known the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday. on which on/in which in which at which in which for which

介词加关系代词引导定语从句的用法关系代词which和whom 除了在定语从句中作及物动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语。在作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在整个定语从句的前面（此时关系代词不能省略),为了使关系代词紧跟先行词也可以把介词放在相关动词的后面，这种从句叫做带介词的定语从句。如: 1) That is the room in which I live. (or:That is the room which /that I live in.) 2) I met the man to whom you talked yesterday. (or:I met the man whom /that/ who you talked to yesterday.)

用介词加关系代词填空。 1.The reason_____ _____they did it is quite clear.(根据名词判断介词 2.That is the hill_____the foot_____ ______ they had a rest. 3.The man_____ ______ we spoke was a soldier. (根据动词判断介词) 4.This is the book_____ ________I spent five dollars. 5.There are two things________ ______he was not too sure. (根据形容词判断介词) 6.Water,_______ _______we can't live,is very important. (根据句义判断介词) for which at of which to whom on which of/about which without which

1. May I use the dictionary that you bought it yesterday?
Ⅲ.判断对错，如有错请改改正: 1. May I use the dictionary that you bought it yesterday? 2. The boy you met just now is my son. 3. This is the room which Li Ming lived two years ago. 4. The house which surface is painted white is our classroom. 5.My mother works in the school where we visited yesterday. 6.The person I want to see is one whom study hard. 7.The day which I was to start arrived at last. where/in which whose which/that who studies when/on which

8.I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
Ⅲ.判断对错，如有错请改改正: 8.I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League. 9. I’ll never forget the day when we spent together. 10. The school in front of that the river is dirty is our school. 11. The boy from who I borrowed the book is his brother. 12.There are lots of students who playing on the ground. 13 This is the pen for which I am looking. that/which which whom 或are

单项选择. 1) The man_______his car outside hasn't come back for yet.A.whom he left B.who he left C.who left D.left 2) The place_______I visited before has changed greatly. A.that B.where C.in which D.in that 3) The girl_______have gone to London lives with her grandmother. A.that her parents B.who her parents C.whose parents D.her parents C A C

4) China has many islands,_______Taiwan is the largest.
A.in where B.in that C.of that D.of which 5) It was Bob________took Johnny for a thief. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whom 6) The book_______Tom wants to buy is shown on the screen. A.that B.who C.whom D.why 7) We shall attend the meeting_______is to be held tomorrow. A.which B.when C.who D.where D A A A

8) The office________I work is near the library.
A.when B.where C.that D.which 9) Do you know the reason_______Edison left school? A.for which B.for that C.why D.A & C 10) This is the hotel_______was built last year. A.where B.in which C.which D.in that 11) The girl_______talked to was quite bright. A.we B.which C.those we D.who 12) Everybody_______came was interested in his talk. A.whose B.that C.who D.B & C 13) Can you think of the way_______we can do less homework. A.in which B.which C.that D.A&C B D C A D D

Summary总结 1.什么叫定语从句、先行词？ 2.关系词都有哪些，分别起什么作用？ 3.介词加关系代词引导定语从句时，应注意什么？

下一节课内容：一、that和which用法区别二、限制性与非限制性定语从句三、关于as的用法及as和 which在非限制性定语从句中的用法区别

See you next class

This is the school that /which I visited last year. 宾语
注意：当先行词是表示地点或时间等名词时，关系词的选用要根据其在从句中的作用而决定，如果关系词在从句中作状语，则需选用关系副词；如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语，则应选用关系代词。如： This is the school that /which I visited last year. 宾语 2) We didn’t accept the reason that/which he gave . 主语 3) I shall never forget the days that /which we spent in the countryside 宾语 4) He told me the date that (which) was the most important to him in his life.主语 BACK

注1：当介词放在相关动词后面时，which 可用that 来替换；whom可用that 或 who 来替换。此时关系代词可以省略。如：
1) That is the room (that ) I live in. 2) I met the man (that) you talked to yesterday. back

注2：如果关系代词作含有介词的短语动词的宾语，此时短语动词不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。如：
Wrong: This is the pen for which I am looking. Right: This is the child whom (that, who) I am looking for.

注3：当先行词是way（方式方法）时，根据英语的习惯常用that来代替in which 来引导定语从，而且也常常省略；另外当先行词是time（次，其前面用序数词修饰）时，根据英语的习惯常用that来代替for which 来引导定语从。如： 1) This is the first time (that)we shall see an English film. 2) The way (that) we did it very simple.

关系代词指物时，多数情况下既可以用that 又可以用which。如：
1)This is the book that (which) I bought yesterday. 2) Don't read in light that ( which) is too bright. 但在下列情况下，一般习惯于用that 而不用which。

a、先行词为all, little, nothing,anything,something everything,,,much,a few 等不定代词时
b、当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,a few等不定代词修饰时。 c、当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 d 、先行词被the only,the very, the same, the last 修饰时。 e、当定语从句修饰用两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词的时候。 f、当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，一般用that 来引导定语从句。

ｇ.当一个句子有两个定语从句，其中一个已用which另一个则用that。如：
We bought a present which they made themselves that had never been seen before. h.在here be或there be结构开头的句子中，多用that。如： Here's the book that you want.

注意，先行词是人时一般不受上述情况的限制。但是
注意，先行词是人时一般不受上述情况的限制。但是 a.当主句是以who 开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，最好不用who来引导定语从句，而用that(宾格可以用whom)来引导。 b.当先行词是those时宜用who。 c.当先行词和定语从句相隔离时宜用who。I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese d.当一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个用that另一个宜用who。The man that you met in the street yesterday is the one who stole your wallet.

as引导的限制性定语从句 as 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、或表语。as 常用于the same...as, such... as , as... as和so...as 结构中。as 引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。如： 1）I have never seen such a lazy man as you (are ).我从来没有见过像你这样懒的人。（作表语） 2) Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.让孩子们读使他们变得更好更聪明的书。（作主语） 3) Take as many as you want.你想要多少就拿多少。（作宾语） 4) Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.这儿有一块没人能搬走的那么大的石头。（作宾语）

注：the same...后既可以用that 也可以用 as 来引导定语从句， that“同一的”即指同一事物；而后者引导定语从句时，
1) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. ( This sentence means: This pen is mine. I lost it yesterday.) 2) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. ( This sentence means: This pen is very much like mine that I lost yesterday.In fact, it isn't mine.)

非限制性定语从句 1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句就会失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号和主句分开。非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时语调上须停顿。一般不用that引导。（注意非限制性定语从句中，即使关系代词作宾语也不能省略

1）I was the only person in my office who was invited
2) He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun.他搜集了证明地球和其它所有的行星围绕太阳运转的事实。 (如果去掉从句，主句就失去意义) Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world. Li Ming,whose mother has been ill for two days,is absent from school today.

2 非限制性定语从句中的一些问题： a.指物时，用which而不用that；
b.指人时主格用who，宾格用whom，物主格用whose（也可指物）； c.另外关系副词when（指时间），where（指地点）也可以引导非限制性定语从句; d.关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句）； e.介词加关系代词常常可以引导非限定性定语从句; f.as和which的区别。

as和which的区别首先，as和which都可以表示主句在意义上的连贯，在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的宾语，如，
　He married her， which／as was natural．　I was very useful to him， which as he realized．　但下列情况下as和which一般不能互换：

as和which的区别 1．as既可以指前面提到过的事实或情况，因此as可以放在句首、句末，也可以插入主句中，而which指前面提到的事实或情况，一般放在主句之后（有时也可用as），如：　As our teacher points out， that book is of benefit to everyone．　Heat is a form of energy， as is known to all of us．　This machine， as might be expected， has stopped operating．

as和which的区别 2．as含有正如、按照、正像之意，as一般用在肯定句中，而which则可以用于含否定意义的句子中，如：
　He failed in the exam again， as was expected． He failed in the exam again， which was unexpected．

as和which的区别 3．当关系代词代表主句引起的结果，又做主谓宾补（svoc）结构中的主语时，多用which，如：
　　He saw the girl， which delighted him．　He didn＇t pass the exam， which made his mother angry．

as和which的区别 4．下列固定结构，一般不能用which，如： as has been said before 如前所述
　as often happens 正像经常发生的那样　as is well known 众所周知　as will be shown in Fig 3 将如图3所示　as we know 正如我们知道的那样＂　as may be imagined 这可以想象得出来　as we all can see 正如我们大家看到的那样 as follows

定语从句常见错误分析 1)误：The watch which my sister gave it to me as a present was made in Swiss. 2)误：That's the hotel where we spent three days there. 正：The watch which my sister gave to me as a present was made in Swiss. 正：That's the hotel where we spent three days . 1.定语从句中代词或状语与关系词重复。

定语从句常见错误分析 2.先行词与定语从句位于动词的主谓关系。
1)误：Those who breaks the rule should be punished. 2)误：She is the only one of the students who are able to play the guitar. 正：Those who break the rule should be punished. 正：She is the only one of the students who is able to play the guitar.

定语从句常见错误分析 3.介词误用。 1) 误：This is the very ruler for which I'm looking.
2) 误：The stories about the Long March, for which this is an example , are well written. 正：This is the very ruler which I'm looking for. 正：The stories about the Long March, of which this is an example , are well written.

定语从句常见错误分析 4.关系词省略错误 1. 误：Anyone breaks the law must be punished.
2.误：Is this the factory you worked five years ago? 正：Anyone who breaks the law must be punished. 正：Is this the factory where/at which you worked five years ago?

定语从句常见错误分析 1. 误：All which you have done is not necessary.
2. 误：Great changes have taken place in the city where we visited last year. 正：All that you have done is not necessary. 正：Great changes have taken place in the city that we visited last year.

定语从句常见错误分析 3.误： Mr White is the only person in his office which was invited to the party. 4.误：They are talking about the people and things which they saw on their way home. 正： Mr White is the only person in his office who/that was invited to the party. 正：They are talking about the people and things that they saw on their way home.

定语从句常见错误分析 5. 误：This is the very present which my mother gave me.
6. 误：Which is the bike which is made in Shanghai? 正：This is the very present that my mother gave me. 正：Which is the bike that is made in Shanghai?

定语从句常见错误分析 7.误： This is the most beautiful dress which I own .
8. 误：Mrs Brown has made the same mistakes like Mr Brown. 正：This is the most beautiful dress that I own . 正：Mrs Brown has made the same mistakes as Mr Brown.

定语从句常见错误分析 9. 误：The old man whom I think is dying is really very strong in face. 10. 误：He is not the man who he was before. 正：The old man who I think is dying is really very strong in face. 正：He is not the man that he was before.

定语从句常见错误分析 11. 误：The house which roof was damaged has now been repaired. 12. 误：Hangzhou is a city which there is a beautiful lake . 正：The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired. 正：Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake .

定语从句常见错误分析 13. 误：Those that want to buy the house may sign their names first. 14. 误：My sister, who you met in Guangzhou , has bought a new car. 正：Those who want to buy the house may sign their names first. 正：My sister, whom you met in Guangzhou , has bought a new car.

定语从句常见错误分析 15. 误：That's the way which they work.
正：That's the way (that/inwhich) they work. 5.关系词误用

定语从句与强调句型的区别: 正:It was yesterday that he came here(强调时间)
2) 误:It was yesterday when he came here. 正:It was yesterday that he came here(强调时间) 3) 误:Was it because he was ill why he didn't come to work? 正:Was it because he was ill that he didn't come to work?(强调原因)

定语从句与强调句型的区别: 4)误：It was the war which made the children orphans.
正：It was the war that made the children orphans.(强调事物) 5)It was I that (who) went to the Great Wall with him on Sunday. (强调人) 6)It was me that(who,whom) he cheated.他欺骗的是我。 (强调人)

定语从句与强调句型的区别: 定语从句的关系词较多,如关系代词:that,which,who(m),whose,as,关系副词where,when,why等。关联词在从句中所起的作用不同：that在引导强调句型时，在从句中代替被强调部分作主语、宾语或状语；而定语从句中关系代词在从句中一般作主语、宾语、表语（宾语时可省略），关系副词在从句中作状语。

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