BIOFORTIFICATION, A POWERFUL TOOL FIGHTING AGAINST POVERTY 范云六 张春义 CHINESE ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES NOVEMBER 17, 2007 BEIJING

Poor living conditions and nutrition status in some rural areas

Prevalence of nutrition deficiencies in China Iron anemia deficiency <6 months<5 y Adult (female) Adult ( male ) >60 y urban 28 ％ 21.7 ％ 27.5% 10.6 ％ 20.6% rural 50 ％ 41.2% VA deficiencyDeficiency (3~12 y)Marginal deficiency (3~12 y) urban 3％3％ 29 ％ rural11.2%49.6% Zinc deficiencyBoys (<6 y)Girls (<6 y) urban 31.3 ％ 38.3 ％ rural32.6%40.8%

Relationship of nutrients to health and disease (Clydesdale, 1998) Cognitive HeartCancer functiondisease Osteoporosis Anaemia Birth defects IronVit EVit E ZincVit C  -carotene Thiamin  -caroteneVit C Vit B12Folic acidIron Vit B6Folic acid Vit B12 Iron CalciumIronFolic acid Vit DFolic acidVit A Vit B12 Vit B6

微量营养缺乏造成了巨大的社会、经济损失 1 、人力资源损失严重 1 ）体力不足、劳动能力降低。 2 ）智力受损，受教育的能力低下，创新能力不足。 3 ）营养缺乏与急性、传染性疾病互为因果，形成恶性循环。联合国儿童基金会统 计， 1999 年发展中国家 5 岁以下的儿童死亡 1700 万名，其中 49% 与营养不良有着直接 或间接的关系。 4 ）营养缺乏是许多慢性疾病的潜在原因。联合国儿童基金会一系列的研究显示， 胎儿期和婴儿期的营养损害，在他们成年后易患诸如心血管疾病，肥胖症，高血压， 以及糖尿病等疾病。 5 ）营养缺乏会世代相传，形成恶性循环。 6 ）贫困的恶性循环。营养不良长期以来被认为是贫困的结果，越来越多的证据显 示，营养不良也是贫困的原因。 据 Ross 与 Horten 对亚洲几个国家的数据分析表明，改善营养可以增强人力资源的 素质，从而提高劳动效率与经济发展速度；使营养改善与经济发展形成交替的、螺旋 式的上升趋势。反之，如果营养状况恶化，营养缺乏，影响整个民族的智能发展，对 经济发展带来的负面影响也会是螺旋式的下降。

IDA-caused economic loss in China * equal to percentage of GDP 3.6% （ adult: 0.7% ， children:2.9% ） ; * 预计今后 10 年 : 成年人缺铁性贫血造成经济损失将达到 7020 亿元 若缺铁性贫血降低 30 ％，其所产生的经济价值将达到 1070 亿元，净产值相当于 2001 年 GDP 的 0.73% ； 儿童缺铁性贫血所造成的损失累计将达 亿元，相 当于 2001 年 GDP 的 2.9% 。 根据《中国营养状况十年跟踪 1990 － 2000 》

Strategies food fortification supplement biofortification ：  easy to produce and disseminate  simple and safe for consumers  available for vast majority  cost-effective

Biofortification To develop staple food crops containing highly available micronutrients such as iron, zinc and vitamin A for preventing global deficiencies of these nutrients. * * To screen for biofortified crops from existing germplasms * To Breed for biofortified crops using varieties from worldwide * Efficacy study * Intervention * Dissemination and extension

HarvestPlus Program To develop micronutrient dense staple crops using the best traditional breeding practices and modern biotechnology. Phase 1 Rice Wheat Maize Cassava Sweetpotato Beans Phase 2 Banana/Plantain Barley Cowpeas Groundnuts Lentils Millet Pigeon Peas Potato Sorghum Yams

HarvestPlus: Coordinating a Multidisciplinary Program Function RiceMaizeWheatCassavaSweet potato Bean 1. Breeding 2. Biotechnology 3a. Food processing 3b. Human nutrition 4a. Behavior change 4b. Reaching end- user 5. Impact/policy 6. Communication

中国生物强化是HarvestPlus的姊妹组织，目的是通 过遗传育种和营养学研究，提高作物中的微量营养元 素含量和人体摄入量，减少人群尤其是贫困人群中广 泛存在的微量营养缺乏.

Target Crops in HPC · Rice · Maize · Wheat · Sweet Potato Target Micronutrients · Iron (Fe) · Zinc (Zn) · Vitamin A (VA) 13 Institutions involved CAAS · CAU · Zhejiang University et al.

中国生物强化项目机构成员 HarvestPlus-China Program Officers Director Fan Yunliu, Professor/Academician Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS Associate Directors Wan Jianmin, Xingen Lei, Professor Ph. D Director General Associate Professor Crop Science Research Institute Department of Animal Science CAAS Cornell University, Ithaca Secretaries Zhang Chunyi Wang Lei Associate Professor Biotechnology Research Institute CAAS HarvestPlus-China

Beijing Chengdu Kunming Hangzhou Nanning Shanghai Target areas of HarvestPlus-China 北京 6 项，合作单位涉及北京，成都，昆明，南宁等地区的 10 个单位 杭州 2 项，合作单位涉及杭州，上海等地区的 6 个单位 CIMMIT 天等县 马瑶族 文山壮族 临沧佤族 凉山彝族 陕西 浙西南 安徽 pengxi

Breeding for micronutrient dense crops Rice ： Fe, 6.8~8.6  g/g （ >10  g/g, 400g ） Maize ： Fe,  g/g （ >50  g/g, 200g ） Maze ： β-carotene,  g/g （ >10  g/g, ） Wheat ： Fe, 43.4~48.2  g/g （ >25  g/g, 400g ） Zn, 41.1~42  g/g （ >9  g/g, 400g ） Sweat potato ： β-carotene, 128~231  g/g （ >100  g/g ） Baseline survey and intervention is progressing

5.Efficacy study with beta -carotene dense sweet potato on children suffering from vitamin A deficiency White Sweetpatato for the group of blank comparison Orange Sweetpatato for the group of experiment Bowl for children eating sweetpatato Eating sweet potato

Carotenoid fortified sweet potato can greatly improve the health status of the children suffering from vitamin A deficiency and marginal vitamin A deficiency. This is the first success in human trial completed with biofortified sweet potato in Asia, and also the second case in the world. The next is to enlarge the planting area in order to solve, in a greater scale, the problem of vitamin A deficiency encountered by the local people.

What to do next Germplasm-screening for biofortified lines Integration of conventional breeding program with biotechnology Nutrition intervention study & biofortification evaluation

Estimated Poverty Reduction from Public Investment in Coastal and Western Regions of China Estimated Poverty Reduction from Public Investment in Coastal and Western Regions of China 1 1 Reduction in the number of poor people per 10,000 yuan invested Source: Shenggen Fau, et.al, 2002 CoastalWestern Agricultural research Roads Education Telephone0.68.5

Conclusion The biofortification would help overcome the nutrient deficiency economically especially in rural areas. The application of biofortified crops would benefit farmers by increasing their income in the long run. Functional crops can play an important role in fighting against different types of nutrition deficiency and overnutrition.

为什么在我国开展生物强化 我国扶贫工程的需要。我国是一个农业大国，农村人口占全国总人 口的 90 ％，其中贫困人口达 3000 万以上. 保障我国人民健康和人力资源的需要。贫困和营养不良 / 缺乏互为因 果，使贫困者更贫困，形成恶性循环 ，解决我国 “ 三农问题 ” 的有效 手段和途径。 我国社会经济稳定、可持续发展的需要。在这些贫困人口中，营养 不良、缺铁性贫血症、维生素 A 缺乏症、缺锌等发病率较高，这些 疾病加大了人们家庭的支出与负担，严重影响当代及后代人口的健 康水平和身体与智力水平，是关系到国民素质的重要问题。 优良的富含营养的生物强化作物新品种是改善我国贫困人口的营养与健康状 况的一条即经济又切实可行的新途径，是全面实现 “ 小康 ” 、构建和谐社会的长 远发展目标的关键之一，它也将为我国社会和经济的稳定和可持续发展保驾 护航。 目前亟需政府的专门立项，给予充足的资金资助！

Thanks for your attention!