初中英语听说课教学.

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Presentation transcript:

初中英语听说课教学

听说课中听的意义、目标 听说课教学的基本模式 听说课教学要领 听说课活动设计的原则

听 理解 听力:接受声音、理解声音的过程,是听者对说话者所传来的编码讯息进行解码的过程。 听 理解 听力:接受声音、理解声音的过程,是听者对说话者所传来的编码讯息进行解码的过程。 听力理解:一个复杂的过程,主要是:辨析语音、理解意义、完成任务。

听是交际活动的基础,听懂对方的话,才能进行有效的交际。 听力在初中英语学习中的意义 听是交际活动的基础,听懂对方的话,才能进行有效的交际。 听是初中学生直接接触真实英语的机会,初中学生在听中感知语音、辨听语词、了解语法,形成语感。 听为说打下基础,为学习语音、词汇、语法打下基础。

听力在初中英语学习中的特殊性 英语课堂学习的一个关键前提:听懂老师的英语课堂话语、听懂学习过程中同学们的英语。 教师的英语、同学的英语,是听力学习的重要内容,比课文出现的频率还高。 听力是初中英语学习的基础,否则无法听懂教师的授课、无法参与与同学的互动。

课标解读:三级听的目标 1.能识别不同句式的语调,如陈述句、疑问句和指令等。 2.能根据语调变化,体会句子意义的变化。 3.能感知歌谣中的韵律。 4.能识别语段中句子间的联系。 5.能听懂学习活动中连续的指令和问题,并做出适当反应。 6.能听懂有关熟悉话题的语段。 7.能借助提示听懂教师讲述的故事。

课标解读:四级听的目标 1.能听懂接近自然语速、熟悉话题的简单语段,识别主题,获取主要信息。 2.能听懂简单故事的情节发展,理解其中主要人物和事件。 3.能听懂连续的指令并据此完成任务。 4.能听懂广播、电视等媒体中的初级英语教学节目。

课标解读:五级听的目标 1.能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图。 2.能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话,并能从中提取信息和观点。 3.能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意。 4.能听懂接近正常语速的故事和叙述,理解故事的因果关系。 5.能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应。 6.能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。

听的技能要求 听关键信息 听懂并执行指示语 听懂大意和主题 确定事物的发展顺序或逻辑关系 预测 理解说话人的意图和态度 评价所听内容

听力材料选择 接近真实语境中的话语。 内容难度要适宜。 注意使用口语词汇,避免书面语。 不一定所有听力材料都配练习题。 听力原文和选项中的句子不宜太长。 录音的语音要纯正,语速要适度,以接近英国人说话的正常语速为宜。

教材分析 “Go for it” 每个单元Section A 和Section B 的1a---2c通常都是听说课型。

初中英语听说课基本模式

初中英语听说课基本模式 《英语新目标Go for it》听说课基本上按照“先说—后听—再说”的流程(或,PWP模式)组织教学。 “先说”是听前活动,“再说”是听后活动,听与说互为语言的输入与输出。 在教学中,教师可根据这一基本模式衍生出多种更具实效性和操作性的听说课教学,归纳起来有四种派生模式(见后)。

PWP Model Pre-listening: during which teachers help Ss prepare to listen; While-listening: during which the focus of Ss’ attention is led to the listening text and teachers can guide Ss and help them understand it; Post-listening: during which Ss are offered with opportunities to integrate what they learned from the text into their existing knowledge and communicate with others using information in the listening text.

Pre-listening Pre-listening stage: Before listening, teachers need to consider: 1. How can we motivate students by making the topic relevant and interesting to them? 2. What knowledge is already known to the Ss and how can that knowledge be activated? 3. What language support, e.g. key vocabulary and key structures, do Ss need?

Pre-listening activities should aim to: motivate students activate their prior knowledge prepare Ss for necessary language

Pre-listening activities Predicting: using pictures, visual aids, objects… e.g. T: What do you see in the picture? Where are these two people? What is the girl doing? What is the boy going to do? Are these two people friends, brothers and sisters or classmate?

Pre-listening activities Predicting: Let Ss read the listening comprehension questions or get to know the listening task before they listen. Predicting ----can lower Ss’ anxiety and tenseness Setting the scene: Let listening in the classroom can be close to listening in real life. ? Suppose your Ss are going to listen to a passage about Yao Ming. How would you set the scene?

Pre-listening activities Listening for the gist: Ask Ss one or two questions that focus on main idea. It is very important to give your Ss practice in this area, because in real life, they will not be able to listen to sth. several times. So it will be impossible to catch all the details. Ss need to learn to cope with some ambiguity in listening and realize that they can still learn even when they do not understand every single word.

Pre-listening activities Listening for specific information: listen only for some specific information and ignore the rest of the entire message. It is important to expose Ss to a variety of types of listening for a variety of purposes so that they will develop a variety of listening strategies.

听前 pre-listening 热身活动(听说读结合) 熟悉话题(听说读结合) 熟悉相关词语和句型(听说读写结合) 接受背景信息 提出需要解决的问题 明确具体任务

While-listening Listen and tick Listen and match Listen and fill Listen and draw Listen and choose Listen and complete Listen and act …

听中 while-listening 听信息,排顺序(听读结合) 听信息,列项目(听写结合) 听信息,补全文字(听写结合) 听并画图 听并制作(听写结合)

听并填空(听写结合) 听写(听写结合) 听并记笔记(听写结合) 听指令,完成系列动作 听并选择(听读结合) 听并匹配(听读结合)

While-listening Teachers should attach importance to the cultivation of Ss’ listening skill and formation of good habit. - take notes efficiently (e.g. Am, moun/mnt, comu) - check the answers: spelling, grammar… - avoid translation in the mind while listening

Post-listening Post-listening: integrate listening with the practice of other language skills, speaking, reading, writing. further and consolidate while-listening overall development of language skills

Post-listening Speaking and acting: - make up dialogue - role play - discussion - …

Post-listening E.g. Listen, what are Cheng Han’s plans for the future? Fill in the chart. What Cheng Han is going to be an actor. Where How When

Post-listening 在填好表格后,可以让学生进行对话练习。 A: What is Cheng Han going to be when he grows up? B: He is going to be an actor. A: Where is he going to move? B: He is going to move to New York. A: How is he going to do that? B: He is going to take acting lessons. A: When is he going to do that? B: He is going to finish high school and college first. 由此,学生自然地操练了重点语法be going to,较好地巩固了目标语言。

Post-listening Reading aloud and reciting: - imitating standard and nice pronunciation and intonation - forming and improving sense of language - familiarize language structure

Post-listening Writing: assign writing practice based on listening task.

听后 post-listening 口头回答问题(听说结合) 小组讨论(听说结合) 模拟对话(听说结合) 复述或转述所听内容(听说结合) 作出书面回应(听写结合) 总结要点(听说写结合) 改编所听内容(听写结合) 表达个人感受和观点(听说写结合)

Discussion What benefits do PWP model bring? Forms of teaching --- abundant and colorful Nature of language teaching --- four skills integrated Development of curriculum resources --- fully exploitation and utilization

初中英语听说课四种基本模式 先说—后听—仿说—延伸说 一种较为完整的先听后说模式,也是最常见的一种模式。 先听—仿说—延伸说 该模式主要针对内容浅易且学生较熟悉的话题,以完整的听力输入为主,可以培养学生自主听的良好习惯。 先说—后听—仿说—仿写(八下 Why don’t you talk to your parents Section B) 先听—后说—仿说—泛读(七下 unit5 Why do you like pandas? Section B)

初中英语听说课教学要领 导入要新 情景要真 分析要简 以说导听 以听助说 听说同题

导入要新 导入活动设计力求新颖,能吸引学生。 导入设计应“温故知新” 导入要热烈,但不是高潮。 常见的导入方法:旧知导入;生活话题导入;音乐导入;音频导入;图片导入;热点新闻导入;头脑风暴导入;猜谜导入;歌唱表演等。

情景要真 教师设计任务时应是一种自然、相对真实、贴近学生生活的情景。 真实情景应满足的两个条件: 1.有信息沟(information gap) 2.有明确的目的 例如:七上 Unit 1“My name’s Gina” Section B,可利用句型“What’s your telephone number?”操练 one, two ,three等。教师可以创设情景:班上编制全班通讯录,请每组派两人调查本组同学的电话号码。

分析要简 外语的习得是一个从感性到理性的过程,中学生学英语首先应该通过听说读写的实践,接触大量地道的英语,初步获得语感,然后在大量语言材料的基础上归纳有规律的东西。 --- 章振邦

《新目标》Section A的1a-2c出现的语法知识可采用归纳法或与演绎法相结合的方式进行语法教学。如七下 Unit6“I’m watching TV”Section A,其语法内容为现在进行时,我们可以按照“观察—发现—讨论—归纳—巩固—运用”等步骤进行教学。

(1) Observe some pictures. (2) Ask and answer: What are you doing? I am reading. What is she doing? She is cleaning the house. What is he doing? He is cooking. …… (3) The Ss read the sentences and think about their structure.

(4) The teacher gets the Ss to find out the form & the use of the present continuous tense. (5) The teacher gets the Ss to find out the rules of the present participle in the same way. (6)Practice (7)Production

以说导听 在“先说—后听—再说”模式中,“先说”可 以被看作是听前活动,围绕听说的共同话题,通过说的活动,导出听的内容。它可以是热身和铺垫,“后听”是阶段性成果。

“先说”的活动 (1)引入新课话题。 (2)在语境中学习词汇和句型; (3)通过活动熟悉和练习新句型 (4)提供“听”的背景知识; (5)预测“听”的内容等。

八上 Unit10 I’m going to be a basketball Player Section A (1)Present the job words by showing pictures. (2)Practise the job words by guessing game. (3)Complete the passage with the new words learnt in this unit.

(4) Underline the sentences with “be going to” (5) Summarize the grammar. (6) Practice the grammar . (7) Talk about the pictures and predict what we’ll hear.

以听助说 在“先说—后听—再说”中,“再说”可以被看作是听后活动,围绕听说共同的话题,通过听的活动,再导出“再说”的活动。如:八上 Unit 10 Section A部分,可设计以下活动,导出“再说”的活动。

(1) Listen to the tape and do the listening in 2a & 2b after predicting what Cheng Han is going to do. (2) Listen again and fill in the chart. What Where How When

(3) Retell Cheng Han’s future plans. (4) Talk about your future plans for Christmas Day in pairs. 在“以听助说”这个环节中,听的活动通常为“三听”;初听大意,再听细节,三听解惑。然后复述Cheng Han未来计划,以听助说,听后仿说,谈论自己的圣诞计划等。

听说同题 在“先说—后听—再说”中,活动都借助本单元的语法知识,围绕本单元的话题,开展相应的活动。听主要是语言的输入,说为输出,听说同题强调的是语言输入与输出的一致性。

总之,“先说--后听--再说”的模式中, “先说”看作是听前活动;“再说”看成听后活动。将“说”融合到听的各个环节中,从而形成“Go For It” 教材“听说课”的教学模式。

设计听说活动的原则

设计听说活动的原则 活动必须符合学生的心理和年龄特征,引起学生学英语的兴趣。 案例1:利用传声筒操练直接引语变间接引语。 2.关联性 1.趣味性 活动必须符合学生的心理和年龄特征,引起学生学英语的兴趣。 案例1:利用传声筒操练直接引语变间接引语。 2.关联性 教学时开展的活动与活动之间要互为关联,且排序合理,以保证活动开展充分有效。活动围绕同一教学目标,循序渐进展开。 案例2:简单描述自己和别人的头发。 、

设计听说活动的原则 3.实效性 教学活动的设计与组织,重在“有效”二字。教学活动必须以提高学生的认知水平和交际能力为目的,切忌为“设计”而设计,为“活动”而活动。 案例3:描述自己和同桌喜欢的月份。 活动过程: (1) Talk about the months according to the chart.

Color Feeling Things you can see white cold The white snow Month January white cold The white snow

(2) Controlled speaking: e.g. My favorite Month is…It is the month of the year. It’s…I feel…in this month. I can see the … I like to …in this month. (3) Get the Ss to write about the months they like best. (4) Exchange the views in pairs.

4.可行性 教师在设计活动时应充分考虑学生的认知水平和生活经验,确保活动实施的可行性。 案例4:用“When is your birthday? ”My Birthday is …”编对话。 (1) Make your ID card, and introduce yourself: My name is… My birthday… (2) Pair work. (3) Group work.

5.目的性 活动的开展必须围绕教学目标的达成。如,在课堂上要求学生做一些动手的练习,不要上成实验课或劳技课,而要让学生用英语来描述操作过程,这样才切合英语教学的目标。 案例5:教学用英语描述 “How to make an apple milk shake”,活动过程可以这样设计:

Review the process of how to make a banana milk shake. Discuss the ingredients of an apple milk shake. Review the process of how to make an apple milk shake. Get two or three groups to demonstrate.

除了上述五种基本原则,教学活动的设计与实施还应关注活动的多样性、灵活性和益智性等。

结语 听说课是初中英语教学中最重要的课型之一。只要认真研究教材,把握听说课的基本模式,领会听说课的教学要领,遵循设计的原则,在设计与实施有效课堂教学方面下功夫,一定能打造高效的听说课。