大学英语B Test 1

look over:浏览；阅读 look after:照顾；照看 He is old enough to look after himself look on:认为，看待 (as) I used to look on him as my friend. look into:调查 We will look into this matter.

look down on (upon) 轻视 We can’t look down on ourselves. look forward to 期望，期待 We are all looking forward to our holiday.

in between:在中间 far apart:离得很远 He stood far apart from me. each other:互相 We should understand each other. between两者之间 among三者或三者以上

run into:撞上；碰上 run on:流逝 run over:溢出 run up:高涨，高速运转 run away:逃走 run out (of):用光，耗尽

fee:费用（学费，会费等），酬金 tip:小费 fare:(火车，汽车等交通)费用 cost:成本，价钱，代价 at a cost (of) 以…为代价，花…

状语从句 状语从句在句中做状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等9种。

1.时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的常用连词有when, as, while, before, after, since, till, not…until, as soon as, He didn’t have dinner until his mother came back.

2.原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的常用连词有because, since, as, in that. As it is snowing, we shall not go to the park.

3.地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句常用连词有where, wherever. We shall go where working conditions are difficult.

4. 条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句常用连词有if, unless, as long as等。 As long as I live, I shall work hard.

5.让步状语从句 让步状语从句由although, though, even if, despite, however, whatever, whoever, no matter how, no matter what, no matter who,等词引导。 Although it rained heavily, they still went out. No matter who asks her for advice, she is always ready to help.

6. 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的常用连词有so, so…that, so that, such…that. The box is so heave that nobody can move it. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.

7. 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的常用连词有so…that, so that, in order that He works hard in order that he can serve the country well.

8. 方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的常用连词有as, just as, as if , as though You may do as you like.

9. 比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的常用连词有as…as, than, not so…as…, 等词。 I know you better than he does.

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词when, where, why等。他们在定语从句中担任句子成分。

who（代替人）: I know the man who/that is standing under the tree over there. whom: The doctor( whom) you are looking for is in the room. whose（可代替人和物）: Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? I live in a room whose windows face south.

which（代替物）: The building which stands near the river is our school. that(可代替人和物):The letter (that ) received was from my father.

注意：在下面几种情况下必须用“that”. 1.先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything All that we have to do is to practice every day.

2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。 如：The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten. 3.先行词被all, any every, few, little, no, some等修饰。 I have read all the books (that ) you gave me.

when: I will never forget the day when I met Mr.Liu. why: I know the reason why he came late. where: this is the place where we lived for 5 years.

限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。 非限制性定语从句一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。通常关系代词不能省略，不用that。

关系代词which ，as可指代前面整句话的内容。 I have two sisters, who are both students. As we all know, he studies very hard.

must +have +过去分词 （用于肯定句）一定已经……. 情态动词的完成时(表示对过去的说法) must +have +过去分词 （用于肯定句）一定已经……. The light is still on. They must have forgotten to turn it off when they left the room. 注:mustn’t have done ×

can’t (couldn’t) +have +过去分词 （用于否定或疑问句）不可能…….. He cannot have been to that town for I saw him just now.

should/ought to +have+过去分词 本应该做(却没有做)……. As his best friend, you should/ought to have helped him. (but in fact, you didn’t.)

needn’t +have +过去分词 本不必做…… You needn’t have waited for me. I told you yesterday I would overwork.

虚拟语气的用法 概念：表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测、或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示

If…had +done, …would (should, could, might) +have +done 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 (1) 与过去事实相反 If…had +done, …would (should, could, might) +have +done If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the exam.

If + did (be→were)，…would (should, could, might) + do 与现在事实相反 If + did (be→were)，…would (should, could, might) + do If he had time, he would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should study English.

与将来事实相反 If + did (be—were) / were to / should+ do,…would (should, could, might) + do If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

We suggested that we (should) have a meeting. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句 在表示建议、要求、命令类的动词后面的宾语从句中用(should) + do。 如: advise, suggest, propose, request, require, insist, demand, order, command, desire We suggested that we (should) have a meeting. We insisted that the meeting (should) be cancelled. (将来)

Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. (过去) 注意：suggest 作“暗示，表明”解时，insist 作“坚决认为”解时不用虚拟语气，而用一般的时态。 Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. (过去) Her sun-tanned face suggested that she was in excellent health.

虚拟语气用于主语从句 It is necessary (important, natural, strange, essential, etc.) that sb (should) +动词原形 This is a very difficult operation. It is essential that you be prepared for emergency.

It is be suggested (desired, ordered, proposed, advised, etc It is be suggested (desired, ordered, proposed, advised, etc.) that sb (should) + do

虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句 作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request，wish等名词的表语从句、同位语从句。其谓语动词用 (should ) +动词原形 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.

it is (high) time sb + did It is (high) time we left.

虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中(要是…就好了) If only I had taken his advice.

倒装句 英语的正常语序是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了强调或为了语法结构的需要，可以将谓语的全部或部分提到主语之前。这种语法现象叫做倒装。

全倒装：把全部谓语放在主语之前。 以 out, in, up, down, away, here, there,等副词开头的句子里。 如：Here comes the bus.