Chapter 14. Logistics Best Practices Chinese-English Bilingual Teaching For Logistics & Supply Chain Management Chapter 14. Logistics Best Practices 姜 阵 剑 jzj@sdjzu.edu.cn Business School, SDJU

Ch.14 Logistics Best Practices 物流的最佳应用/实践/实务 The main points What are Best Practices and how does your company achieve them? Integrating Logistics Activities into one Department and Coordinating Logistics Activities Across the Supply Chain Centralized SCM at the Corporate Level Business School, SDJU

1. Best Practices Best Practices can be defined in different ways： Arthur Andersen Consulting (“Big Five” accounting firms安达信会计师事务所,2002年”安然破产事件” “BIG FOUR”了：毕马威（KPMG）、普华永道（PWC）、安永（Ernst＆Young）和德勤（DTT ）) The optimum ways to perform a business process. Business School, SDJU

1. Best Practices Fletcher Challenge Ltd.'s definition: Management practices and work processes that lead to world-class, superior performance. Best Practices create Continuous Improvement Best Practices mean no barriers to Collaboraion Best Practices and Collaboration encourage and build team cohesion (团队凝聚力) or interdependency (互依性:是指团队成员在完成作业的过程中相互依赖的程度) Business School, SDJU

1. Best Practices Benchmarking--定标比超也称为标杆比对。 定标比超是不断发现企业内外、行业内外的最佳理念或实践，将本企业的产品、服务或其它业务活动过程与本企业的最佳部门、竞争对手或者行业内外的一流企业进行对照分析的过程。 应用于自身企业的一种做法,是一个不间断的精益求精的过程。 Business School, SDJU

1. Best Practices Auton & Gustin的定义：Benchmarking为一个不断的寻找、比较、应用并检视世界上最佳实践以取得竞争优势的有组织的分析过程。 参考一些成功案例实践，可以归纳一个framework，里面有processes。 Business School, SDJU

Benchmarking Benchmarking is the search for best practices. The American Productivity & Quality Center defines benchmarking as: "'the process of identifying, understanding, and adapting outstanding practices and processes from organizations anywhere in the world to help your organization improve its performance." Business School, SDJU

1. Best Practice They must: Drive a measurable change in performance Be Proven in practice Apply to a broad spectrum of organizations Exploit proven technologies Ensure effective control and risk management Business School, SDJU

Is the best practice the end goal? 1. Best Practices The first challenge for leaders and managers is Identifying which best practices are most appropriate to use in their organization. ？？？ Is the best practice the end goal? Business School, SDJU

2. Best Logistics Practices Depending upon generic strategies and other factors. An inventory policy with a 99 percent fill rate SKU Business School, SDJU

2. Best Logistics Practices A research of more than two dozen companies' logistics/supply-chain management strategies found: high-performing firms, almost uniformly, follow certain procedures and organizational principles which have helped many organizations improve their performance. Business School, SDJU

2. The Best Logistics Practices Include: Strategically important set of activities, and developing a mission statement that defines their roles, goals, and vision. Integrating logistics activities into one department . Centralizing supply-chain management at the corporate level. CLO Finance supply-chain management Performance metrics Business School, SDJU

3. Integrating Logistics Activities into one Department and Coordinating the Activities In most companies, the logistics activities are divided among a number of departments, including purchasing, operations, and marketing. best practices firms typically integrate the operations of these functions. Business School, SDJU

3. Integrating Logistics Activities into one Department and Coordinating the Activities Implementation of supply-chain partnerships with vendors (formally, suppliers). － supplier management practices: In some partnerships, suppliers and organizational customers link their information systems so vendors are aware of the inventory levels of their products at customer locations on a real-time basis. VMI Business School, SDJU

3. Integrating Logistics Activities into one Department and Coordinating the Activities VMI是美国零售业有很有名的供应商管理库存系统, 是由供应商管理自己在零售店的库存，如果低于一定水平就自动补齐。VMI是一种以用户和供应商双方都获得最低成本为目的，在一个共同的协议下由供应商管理库存，并不断监督协议执行情况和修正协议内容，使库存管理得到持续地改进的合作性策略。 customer   一般指消费者；client客户，顾客,   委托人，（律师的）当事人 ，（私人医生的）病人；建设单位，又称“业主”。当表示购买人时，client＝customer   Business School, SDJU

关系专用性资产（relationship/relation-specific assets） 专用资产（dedicated/specific assets） 资产专用性（asset specificity） 关系专用性资产（relationship/relation-specific assets） 资产专用性是影响企业选择外包合作的最重要因素。 Business School, SDJU

3. Integrating Logistics Activities into one Department and Coordinating the Activities Toyota GM The key question facing logistics managers: which model of supplier management is superior? Business School, SDJU

4. Centralized SCM at the Corporate Level It is not possible to achieve maximal cost savings across an organization if individual plants or strategic business units (SBU) are allowed to select carriers without regard for the choices of other units in an organization. Of course, not all activities need to be centralized in all companies. Business School, SDJU

4. Centralized SCM at the Corporate Level The following guidelines : Centralize the management and control of those logistics activities/functions that allow the firm to achieve operational efficiencies or other synergies through a centralized approach. Decentralize only those logistics activities that do not offer organizationwide synergies. Business School, SDJU

Distribution Planning Purchasing Carrier Qualification资质 The next figure lists logistics activities that are either centralized or left decentralized in best practices firms. Centrally Located Decentralized Strategic Planning Master Scheduling 主（生产）进度计划 Distribution Planning Purchasing Carrier Qualification资质 Freight Payments Order Processing Rate Negotiations价格/费用 Risk Management IT Management Materials Handling搬运/处理 Inventory Management Warehousing Operations Receiving and Staging 验收和备货 Private Fleet Management 私人车队营运管理 Returns返回/退货 Business School, SDJU

4. Centralized SCM at the Corporate Level Many benefits can be achieved by centralizing the management and control of logistics functions across an organization. Benefit 1: Full Realization of Economies of Scale in Purchasing both raw materials and transportation services. Benefit 2: One set of Rules and Procedures that can be enforced at the Headquarters Level Benefit 3: A system of Coordinated Information Flows Business School, SDJU

FRITO-LAY: Centralized Supply Chain Planning In Action 4. Centralized SCM at the Corporate Level FRITO-LAY: Centralized Supply Chain Planning In Action Frito-Lay (菲多利北美公司) is a division of PepsiCo, one of the world’s largest Foods and Beverages Company. From mouth-watering potato chips and corn chips, to hardy pretzels (椒盐卷饼 ), and savory (风味极佳的, 可口的, 味美的, 香辣的,) cookies, Frito-Lay has a snack for you! Business School, SDJU

4. Centralized SCM at the Corporate Level Benefit 1: Full Realization of Economies of Scale in Purchasing both raw materials and transportation services. Centralized partnerships between shippers and carriers Motor carriers like Matlack and Bee-Line have forged (打(铁等),锻造) strong partnerships with their shippers Business School, SDJU

4. Centralized SCM at the Corporate Level Benefit 2: One set of Rules and Procedures that can be enforced at the Headquarters Level Example Risk management and safety offer another example of the value of centralized rule-making. Business School, SDJU

4. Centralized SCM at the Corporate Level Benefit 3: A system of Coordinated Information Flows Minimize information system incompatibilities- Information system incompatibility or diversity results from organizational acquisitions or mergers Business School, SDJU

各方物流的概念 名 词 解 释 第一方物流 需求方为采购而进行的物流，如赴产地采购、自行运回商品。 第二方物流 名 词 解 释 第一方物流 需求方为采购而进行的物流，如赴产地采购、自行运回商品。 第二方物流 供应方为了提供商品而进行的物流，如供应商送货上门。 第三方物流 由物流的供应方和需求方之外的第三方所进行的物流。Third-party logistics providers (3PLPs，第三方物流（服务）商) 第四方物流 提供各种物流信息咨询服务的企业。提供各层次物流人才培训服务的企业。 3PL的服务功能有哪些？ 直接运输服务、货运支持、仓库管理、海关代理、集货、客户备件、货运代理、部分咨询服务、配送等内容。 Business School, SDJU

企业物流过程 内向物流 （Inbound Logistics） 内部物流 （Internal Logistics） 外向物流 outbound开往外地/外国的,向外的, 离港的, outbound platform 发送站台; inbound返航的，归航的，返(回)程的，开往本国(或原地)的；入境/站的, an inbound vessel 归航的船 企业物流过程 内向物流 （Inbound Logistics） 内部物流 （Internal Logistics） 外向物流 （Outbound Logistics） 供应者 原材料储存 生产过程 在制品储存 成品储存 顾客 供应物流 生产物流 销售物流 回收、废弃物物流 物流 信息流 Business School, SDJU

Linked value chains Inbound Logistics —from Suppliers Outbound Logistics —from Customers Inbound Logistics: Large number of suppliers Vast number of components Process: Just-in-time (JIT) manufacture Outbound Logistics: Limited number of Main Dealers Business School, SDJU

Logistics Management Focus on Business Logistics(商业物流) Elements of Business logistics(1) Inbound logistics vs. Outbound logistics Supply logistics vs. Distribution logistics Elements of Business logistics(2) Supply logistics (供应物流) Production logistics (生产物流) Distribution logistics (流通物流) Business School, SDJU

附：几个重要的国内物流网站： http://www.cflp.org.cn中国物流与采购网 http://www.56net.com物流网 http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn 中国物流联盟网 http://www.china-logisticsnet.com 中国物流网 http://www.51.com.cn 中国物流人才网 http://www.156net.com 中储物流在线 http://www.pgl-word.com 宝供物流企业集团有限公司 http://www.cosco-logistics.com.cn中国远洋物流有限公司 Business School, SDJU

Q & A !

Exercises 教材 P208 Business School, SDJU