Lesson5 .2 Distilltion principle

content words 1 Expressions and Technical Terms 2 Text 3

Words 其他 蒸馏原理 evolve [i`v ɔlv] vt/vi. 【化学】离析 residual [ri`zidjuəl] adj. 残余的，剩下的；残留的；残渣的 solute n. 【化学】溶质；溶解物 absorber [əb`s ɔ:bə] n. 吸收剂，吸收体；吸收器，吸收装置 heater [hi:tə] n. 加热器，散热器；暖房装置 sufficient [sə`fiʃnt] adj. 充分的，足够的 effective [i`fektiv] adj. .有效(力)的 comparable [`k ɔmpərəbl] adj. .可相比的；类似的 其他 gravity [`grævəti] n. 重量；【物理学】重力，引力，地心吸力 tray [trei] n. 盘子，托盘; 塔板 boil-up n.蒸出物 remainder [ri`meində] n. 剩余物，残余，剩余 withdrawn [wið`drɔ:n] vt/vi.取回，收回，退出，抽出 overflow [͵əuvə`fləu] n. 溢出物，回浆 vt. 使溢出，使泛滥，使涨满 distillate [disti`leit] n. 蒸馏液，馏出物 installation [͵instə`leiʃn] n. 装置，设备 recover [ri`kʌvə] vt. 回收

Expressions and Technical Terms carry out完成，成就，了结 flash distillation闪蒸 in equilibrium with 与…平衡 residual liquid残液 petroleum refining 石油精制 high-pressure reactor 高压反应器 large-scale production大规模生产 continuous distillation连续精馏 more than多过,大过,…以上；比…更

Text In practice, distillation may be carried out by either of two principal methods. The first method is based on the production of a vapor by boiling the liquid mixture to be separated and condensing the vapors without allowing any liquid to return to the still. There is then no reflux. 实际上精馏可用两种主要的方法来实现.第一种方法主要基于气相的产生,通过使和符分离的液体混合物加热至沸腾,然后冷凝蒸汽但是不允许冷凝液返回至塔内.这种情况无回流.

The second method is based on the return of part of the condensate to the still under such conditions that this returning liquid is brought into intimate contact with the vapors on their way to the condenser. Either of these methods may be conducted as a continuous process or as a batch process. 第二种方法主要是基于冷凝液部分返回至釜内这是在冷凝与要冷凝的上升蒸汽充分接触的情况下才能发生.这两种方法任何一种都可进行连续生产和间歇生产.

Text 1.flash distillation Flash distillation consists of vaporizing a definite fraction of the liquid in such a way that the evolved vapor is in equilibrium with the residual liquid, separating the vapor from the liquid, and condensing the vapor. Fig 16 shows the elements of a flash distillation plant 1.闪蒸 闪蒸就一种方式来气化,液体混合物中的某种热定成分,这种方式就是使气化了的蒸汽与残存的液体之间保持平衡,在平衡状态下使气相,液相分离并且使分离的气相进行冷凝.图16就是一个闪蒸的装置.

Fig 16 plant for flash distillation Text Fig 16 plant for flash distillation

Feed is pumped by pump a through heater b, and the pressure is reduced through condenser, in which sufficient time is allowed for the vapor and liquid portions to separated streams are in equilibrium. 进料泵送到全热器中,通过冷凝器压力时降低.因为气相和符分离的液相间要处于平衡状态,所以在全热器中要使进料有相当长的停留时间 Flash distillation is used extensively in petroleum refining, in which petroleum fractions are heated in pipe stills and the heated fluid is flashed into vapor and residual liquid streams, each containing many components

Text 闪蒸广泛应用于石油炼制过程中,在石油炼制过程中石油流分用管子加热,加热的流体被闪蒸成气相和残存的液相,它们每种都含有很多的组分 Liquid from an absorber is often flashed to recover some of the solute; liquid from a high-pressure reactor may be flashed to a lower pressure, causing some vapor to be evolved 从吸收装置中出来的液体经常要进行闪蒸来回收部分溶脂,高压反应器出来的液体也可以进行闪蒸从而使压力降低,使部分气相溢出.

2.continuous distillation Text 2.continuous distillation Flash distillation is used most for separating components that boil at widely different temperature. It is not effective in separating components of comparable volatility, which requires the use of distillation with reflux. For large-scale production, continuous distillation is far more common than batch distillation. 2.连续精馏 闪蒸是适宜分离那些沸点温度范围很宽的混合物.闪蒸对于分离挥发度相近的混合物时效率不高,挥发度相近的混合物分离需要在有回流情况下的精馏才能实现,对于大规模的生产连续精馏要比间接精馏经济的多.

Text 待分离的进料在塔内有一个或多个进料口.液体延塔向下流动而气体延塔向上流动,在每一块塔板上两相进行接触.到达塔符的液体在再废气中进行部分气化,提供气相蒸馏物,而气相蒸馏物会返回到塔内进行分离,制系的塔底液体抽出做为塔底产品,到达塔顶的气相在塔顶冷凝器的作用下进行冷却成液体,部分液体返回到塔内做为回流,以提供液体回流物,剩余的塔顶物质做为精馏液或塔顶产品抽出

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