第二章 语法填空考情动态分析 主编 武溥玙

第二节： 语法填空题 考点概括及突破

考点2： 非谓语动词

【典题精选1】解题并思考，本组题的考点是什么？ (1) She wished that he was as easy _______(please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. (09广东高考) 【思路点拨】to please。从句已有谓语动词was，所以考虑填非谓语动词。位于形容词后，作系表结构的状语，用不定式。 (2) He spit it out, ______ (say) it was awful.（2010广东高考） 【思路点拨】 saying。整句中已有谓语动词spit，故此处应填非谓语动词，又表伴随状态和主动，用v-ing形式。 to please saying

【锦囊妙计】解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有_______动词且不是并列谓语时，所给动词必定用_______动词；然后分析该______动词在句中作什么句子成分；确定成分后，接着判断用哪一种或几种_______动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词所表示的动作与句子谓语的动作发生的_______先后确定用何种非谓语动词的时态，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种______。 以do为例，动词不定式和动名词的形式变化：常见的有下列时态和语态的形式变化。 谓语 非谓语 非谓语 非谓语 时间 语态

形式 类别 时态形式 时态概念 主动式 被动式 例句 不定式 一般式 发生在谓语动作之后 to do to be done 1/2 完成式 发生在谓语动作之前 to have done to have been done 3/4 进行式 与谓语动作同时发生 to be doing × 5 动名词 与谓语动作几乎同时 doing being done 6 having done having been done 7 分词 现在分词 8/10 9/11 过去分词 发生了、完成了 done 12

例句 1. We hope to see you again. 我们希望再次见到你。 2. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 还有二十棵树要种。 3. I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. 对不起让你久等了。 4. She is said to have been praised at the meeting. 据说她在会上受到表扬。 5. He pretended to be sleeping when his father came in. 父亲进来时，他假装睡着了。 6. My sister dreams of becoming an actress. 我妹妹做梦都想当个演员。 7. I regret having made the same mistake again. 我后悔又犯了同样的错误。 8. Hearing the news, they got excited. 9. Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. 10. The teacher being followed by some students came into the lab. 11. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 12. fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen落叶

另外，逻辑主语与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表： 充当句子成分 宾语 表语 状语 主补 定语 宾补 逻辑主语 句子的主语 所修饰的词 句子的宾语

成功体验

I. 单句填空：在空格处填入一个适当的词。 1. In 1983 there were only 200 computers ______________ (connect) to the Internet. （2010肇庆二模） 【思路点拨】connected。 此句中已经有谓语动词，从句子结构可知，应填非谓语动词。computers与connect之间是被动关系。 2. In 1993, a collector, Louis Caldor happened to see several of Grandma Moses’ works___________ (hang) in a shop. (2010梅州二模) 【思路点拨】hanging。是非谓语动词短语作定语，修饰名词works，因works与hang(悬挂)是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语。 connected hanging

3. When they left, the robbers set the place on fire to remove any trace of evidence, __________ (switch) on the anti-fire system and flooding the building. （2010佛山二模） 【思路点拨】switching。现在分词表主动，作伴随状语。 4. But the leaders did not announce any ________(detail) plan for Greece after meeting Thursday in Brussels.（2010广州二模） 【思路点拨】detailed。过去分词作定语用。表示“详细的”之意。 switching detailed

5．European officials hope to avoid the economic disasters which could become even worse if Greece fails ________ (pay) its debt.（2010广州二模） 【思路点拨】to pay。fail后面必须接动词不定式作宾语。 6．China’s Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu said on Thursday at a regular press conference that China welcomes international Internet companies _________ (conduct) business within the country according to the law. （2010届深圳市五校联考） 【思路点拨】to conduct。搭配welcome…to do，意为“欢迎……做某事”。 to pay to conduct

7. I stood there ___________ (astonish), barely believing that the man, whose existence was unknown to me only moments ago, could be so thoughtful. （2010广州调研） 【思路点拨】astonished。过去分词作方式状语，意为“吃惊的、惊讶的”，形容“我”的心情。 8．But this type of housing, __________ (call) co-housing, is gaining popularity in the United States, too. (09学年上广雅中学期中考试) 【思路点拨】called。过去分词作定语，被叫做co-housing的房屋。 astonished called

10．By staying __________ (relax) , and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation ( 感觉 ), we can handle the pain without falling apart. （2010届中山市期末考） 【思路点拨】relaxed。根据主语we得知用过去分词作系动词stay的表语。 11．Trevor used it to get to work, and also the bike was used _______ (get) groceries, saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live. (2010深圳二模) 【思路点拨】to get。在语境中考查非谓语的使用，用动词不定式表示目的。 relaxed to get

II. 语篇模拟：阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 12. What used to be an enjoyable meal with some employees has become a large, drunken event_________ (last) late into the night. （2010届广东六校第三次联考） 【思路点拨】lasting。持续多长时间看成是主动情况，用动词的现在分词短语作后置定语。 II. 语篇模拟：阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 lasting

【语篇导读】 本文主要介绍了卓别林的生平和其主演的电影。 waiting ( 1 ) It’s still exciting to see Chaplin’s films today. Some people will stand in line for hours 1 (wait) to buy a ticket to see one of his films. Although Chaplin’s films 2 (show) are mostly silent films, they are still popular. People just love the films 3 (star) by the great comic actor. 【语篇导读】 本文主要介绍了卓别林的生平和其主演的电影。 1. waiting。用动词ing形式表示主动、同时的情况。 2. being shown。用动词ing形式的被动式作定语，表示在目前被上演的卓别林电影。 3. starred。分词动作先于谓语动词，故用现在分词的完成式。 waiting being shown starred

4 (star) in many famous films 4 (star) in many famous films. Chaplin was one of the greatest actors in the world. Many of his films are well known to people throughout the world. In a famous film. Chaplin acted as a poor worker wearing old shoes, a round hat, and 5 (hold) a walking stick. This character 6 (create) by Chaplin might come from his childhood experiences. 4. Having starred。of the greatest后应加名词，指其中之一，名词用复数。 5. holding。and是并列连词，此空应与前面的wearing一致，表伴随情况。 6. created。后面有介词by，指被卓别林创造的人物，用过去分词做定语，表被动。 Having starred holding created

Born in London in 1889, Chaplin 7 (abandon) by his father Born in London in 1889, Chaplin 7 (abandon) by his father. Then his mother died and left him as an orphan. He became 8 (interest) in acting at the age of five. 9 (leave) school at ten, he began to travel with a British acting company. 7. was abandoned。此空应填谓语动词，前面有过去时间，后面有介词by，所以用过去时的被动语态。 8. interested。人对什么感兴趣，用动词的过去分词。 9. Having left。过去分词此处用法相当于形容词，做表语。 was abandoned interested Having left

In 1910, he made his first trip to America In 1910, he made his first trip to America. He was talented and hardworking. At that time, he produced, directed, and wrote the movies he starred in. Even though “talkies” came out in 1927, he didn’t make a movie with sound until 1940. In 1927, Chaplin 10 (give) a special Oscar for his lifetime outstanding work. 10. was given。在1927年被授予特别奥斯卡奖，用过去时的被动语态。 was given

( 2 ) Matel Dawson, a driver in Michigan, is an ordinary person who has done extraordinary things. Dawson’s family was so poor that he had no choice but 1 (drop) out of school to work. Dawson started working for $1.15 an hour at Ford Moor Company in 1940. By working hard, saving carefully, and 2 (invest) money wisely, he has become rich. But he doesn’t care about owning expensive cars or houses. 【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了道森先生通过给予来帮助别人的事迹。 1. to drop。have no choice but to do sth. 为固定句型，表示别无选择只能做某事。 2. investing。and表示并列连接，用与前面一致的动词ing形式。 to drop investing

Instead of spending his money on himself, he has pleasure 3 (give) it away. Since 1995, he has donated one million dollars to colleges 4 (help) poor students. Why does he insist 5 giving his money away to students? One reason is that he didn’t have the opportunity of finishing school. 3. giving。have pleasure (in) doing sth. 意思是在做某事方面获得乐趣。介词in可以省略。 4. to help。donate…to… 意思是“捐赠……给…… ”， 空格也用to加help表示目的。 5. on。insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事的意思，为固定搭配。 giving to help on

He always regretted not 6 (have) an education He always regretted not 6 (have) an education. “I advise kids 7 (get) a good education,” he says. Also, he learned about “giving” from his parents. He watched them work, save, and help others. He thanks his parents for teaching him the 8 (important) of helping others. 6. having。regret not doing sth. 表示后悔没有做某事。 7. to get。advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事之意。 8. importance。定冠词the 后面应用名词形式。 having to get importance

Dawson have no plan for changing his lifestyle Dawson have no plan for changing his lifestyle. He is not at all 9 (bore) with driving his car. He is used to living in a one-bedroom apartment. He say it’s no use 10 (live) in a large house. And he doesn’t plan to stop working as long as he is able to. 9. bored。be bored with sth. 指对什么感到厌烦。主语是人，表语用过去分词。 10. living / to live。it’s no use doing / to do sth. 意思是“做……也是徒然的”。 bored living / to live

Goodbye! The End In those cases there was often a way to get the 29 baby back. You could 30 the Changeling on the fire--then it would rise up the chimney, and you would hear the sound of fairies’ laughter and soon after you would find your own child safe and sound nearby. 29. A.little B. pale C. sad D. real 30. A. seize B. burn C. place D. hold The End Goodbye!