2015届高一英语衔接课 句子成分 cover

句子成分 主要成分:_____和______； 主语 谓语 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分:_____和______； 次要成分:_____ ____ _____ _____ ____ 和 _____。 主语 谓语 宾语、定语、状语、 补语、表语 同位语

(一）主语（subject） 主语可由 ____ ____ ____ ______ ______ 和 ________等表示。 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词 主语从句 主语可由 ____ ____ ____ ______ ______ 和 ________等表示。 练习：找出下列句子的主语，并说明是由什么来充当的。

2.We often speak English in class. 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名词） （代词） （数词） （不定式） （动名词） （名词化的形容词）

（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. （主语从句） （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）

He practices running every morning. （二）谓语 (predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock.

2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或助动词加动词原形构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词构成。 We are students.

（三）宾语（object） 及物动词 介词 1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday. 表示动作的对象或承爱者，位于_________和______后面。 1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday. 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 介词 （名词） （代词、动名词） （名词、数词）

4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5.He pretended not to see me. 6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 7.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 8.Lend me your dictionary, please. （名词化形容词，名词） （不定式） （动名词短语） （宾语从句） （间接宾语） （直接宾语）

（四）表语(Predicative) 说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

练习：讨论以下十个句子，找出表语， 并说出充当表语的词性。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty one? （代词） （形容词） （分词） （数词）

6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby is playing football. 8.The meeting is of great importance. 9.Time is up. The class is over. 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad. （不定式） （动名词） （介词短语） （副词） （表语从句）

（五）宾语补足语（Object Complement） 位于宾语之后，对宾语补充说明，使句子的意义完整。 如：make+宾语+宾补

1.His father named him Dongming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. （名词） （形容词） （副词） （不定式短语） （现在分词） （介词短语）

（六）定语(Attribute) 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 1.Guilin is a beautiful city. 2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country. 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school. 4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. （形容词） （分词） （名词） （代词、形容词）

5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. 6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. 7.He is reading an article about how to learn English. 8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. （不定式短语） （动名词） （介词短语） （定语从句)

（副词及副词性词组） （介词短语） （不定式短语） （七）状语（Adverbial） 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 1.Light travels most quickly. 2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. （副词及副词性词组） （介词短语） （不定式短语）

4.He is in the room making a model plane. 5.Wait a minute. 6.Once you begin, you must continue. （分词短语） （名词） （状语从句）

十种状语 How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） 2.Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 3.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （时间状语） （原因状语） （条件状语） （地点状语） （方式状语）

6. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9.She works very hard though she is old. 10.I am taller than he is. （伴随状语） （目的状语） （结果状语） （让步状语） （比较状语）

对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如： This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster. （八）同位语（Appositive） 对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如： This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster. （九）插入语（Parenthesis） 对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest ,by the way, I think (suppose, believe---)等，如： To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.