嬰幼兒團體照顧 文化與早期自我身分的形成 During the first three years of life, infants and toddlers are developing their first sense of self as well as learning cultural rules about how to be in the community in which they were born. Note to IT Specialist: It is important that this session come before Self Awareness and Cultural Perceptions. This session lays the ground work for the Self Awareness session and asks participants to revisit Handout #20 started in this session on slide #8

學習目標 參與者將能夠: 懂得文化的定義和它對於嬰兒發展 自我認識的影響。 懂得文化的定義和它對於幼兒自我 身分形成的影響。 懂得文化的定義和它對於嬰兒發展 自我認識的影響。 懂得文化的定義和它對於幼兒自我 身分形成的影響。 辨認出在幼兒照顧環境中支持幼兒 家庭文化的策略。 Review the learning objectives for this session. We are going to explore what culture is, how it influences who we become and how to provide culturally responsive care.

甚麼是文化? 文化是由我們環境中受到大眾接受的各種標準所形成的。文化包括態度，價值觀，法律，受到重視的信念和處事方式。 Ask the participants for examples of beliefs and ways of doing things related to infants and toddler in the home and in group child care. Every think we do with an infant (feed, bath, clothe, discipline) is culturally based. .” What are some simple examples? The culture of the early care and education community is described in the ”developmentally appropriate practice 嬰幼兒照顧: 對文化帶有敏感度照顧指南，一九九五年。

必需的聯繫: 提供對文化帶有敏感度照顧的十個要訣，一九九三年。 必需的聯繫: 引言和關鍵概念 Play Essential Connections DVD Introduction and Key Concepts -000:00-3:50 Ask participants to pay particular attention to the definition of culture and specific influences on identity formation. After showing the video, ask a few participants to share their reactions to the DVD clip. Note that you will go deeper into the Ten Keys in the providing culturally responsive care session. 必需的聯繫: 提供對文化帶有敏感度照顧的十個要訣，一九九三年。

學習文化 當幼兒是由家庭成員照顧 時，學習文化的過程便會 自然發生。 如果早期幼兒照顧能夠尊 重歷史悠久的文化規則， 便能夠幫助幼兒發展一個 有安全的自我感覺。 Using caregiving strategies in the child care setting that are different than the practices that are used at home, makes it more difficult for the infant to learn differing adults expectations on how to behave and also impacts the child’s identity formation. What message does the child receive if he is spoon fed by his family members but expected to feed himself in the child care setting? Or another example where is expected to use the potty at home but staff don’t believe that toilet training is appropriate until the child care handle all steps in the process.

小組活動 回答以下問題並向大組報告: 當幼兒是被家庭以外的人 照顧時，家庭文化對這幼 兒的影響有什麼改變？ 幼兒與父母和祖父母之間 的文化聯繫有什麼影響？ 與家庭文化的聯繫是否仍 然是幼兒生命中重要的一 部分，或是幼兒已經開始 失去他們核心身分的一部 分？ Break the participants into three groups assigning one of the questions to each group; allow 10 minutes for the discussion and 5 minutes for each group’s report back for a total of 25 minutes.

嬰兒通過與照顧他們的成人之間的關係中學習 Ask participants-What is this infant learning?

活動: 講義 #20: 為文化背景定義 參考講義上列出的習慣與態 度。選擇四項你認為對你自 己發展自我身分有着最大的 影響。 反思你的童年並和一個夥伴 分享為什麼你認為這些特別 的習慣和態度影響你自我身 分的形成。 Allow 5 minutes for the participants to review and reflect on the practices/attitude and then allow each partner in the dyad 10 minutes to share their early experiences. Ask for a few participants to share 1 of their examples (5 minutes).Total 20/30 minutes Note to IT Specialist: Participants will be asked to pull out the completed work on this handout in the session on Self Awareness and Cultural Perceptions.

學習文化 幼兒從出生後得到最珍 貴的禮物是始於他們家 庭文化帶來的自信心， 能力和聯繫。 幼兒之能夠收到這些禮 物，為他們提供對文化 帶有敏感度的照顧是非 常重要的。 PITC recommends “cultural continuity” of caregiving practices. The child care program needs to match how the family cares for the child. Without cultural continuity an infant will be receiving different messages. While she may “adjust” how she behaves in each context, she will not have the level of confidence, competence or connection, that she would with having continuity of how adults care for her in both contexts.

講義 #32: 文化賦權 文化是學習得來的。 文化是團體的特徴。 文化是一組行為的規範。 文化中每一位成員都有不同程度投入於他們的文化 中。 不同文化會借用和分享規則。 文化團體中的成員可能精通他們的文化行為，但未 必可以解釋這些規則。 This slide describes various aspects of culture. Most of us have trouble seeing our own culture. However, when we see the caregiving practices of another culture, it may not feel like the “right” thing to do.

活動: 拼圖講義#33: 文化對學習的影響 例行活動與學習文化 學習方式 學習語言 「說話」 與 「觀察」 學習 Using the handout #33 in the course reader, assign one “cultural influence” to a dyad or small group depending on the number of participants. Have them read the assigned influence, summarize it, and be prepared to share their summary with the other participants. Allow 5 minutes for reading and 10 minutes for summarizing and then 5 minutes for sharing and discussion of each of the four influences.

重溫學習目標 參與者將能夠: 懂得文化的定義和它對於嬰兒發展 自我認識的影響。 懂得文化的定義和它對於幼兒自我 身分形成的影響。 懂得文化的定義和它對於嬰兒發展 自我認識的影響。 懂得文化的定義和它對於幼兒自我 身分形成的影響。 辨認出在幼兒照顧環境中支持幼兒 家庭文化的策略。 Review the learning objectives for this session. Ask the participants if they have any questions or points of clarification.

文化的角色 「通過文化，幼兒增進對於自我的感覺，有歸屬感的感覺，甚麼是重要的，甚麼是錯或對，怎樣照顧自己和其他人，慶祝，食和穿些什麼。」 (嬰幼兒照顧: 對文化帶有敏感度照顧指南，一九九五年。) Closing.. Looking forward to seeing you next time. We will be talking about providing culturally responsive care.