经典英文作品欣赏与诵读 Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Teacher: 胡志军 E-mail: huzhijun@sdu.edu.cn Call: 15215311816(Cell) Course e-mail: jingdiansongdu@163.com (pin: jingdian)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Objectives 1. Appreciation of poems(II) 2. Introduction to William Butler Yeats 3. When You Are Old 4. Introduction to Robert Frost 5. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 英文诗歌的欣赏,大致包括以下几个方面:描述对象(Subject),主题(Theme),思想(Idea),意义(Meaning),意象(Imagery),结构(Structure),格律(Rhythm),押韵(Rhyme),体式(Style),修辞(Rhetoric),遣辞( Diction),造句(Syntax), 总体印象(General Impression)等等。
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的格律(Rhythm) 常见格律有五种: ⑴ 抑扬格(轻重格)Iambus ⑵ 扬抑格(重轻格)Trochee ⑶抑抑扬格(轻轻重格)Anapaestic foot ⑷扬抑抑格(重轻轻格)Dactylic foot ⑸抑扬抑格(轻重轻格)Amphibrach
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的押韵(Rhyme) 押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法。主要有: 1. 尾韵(Rhyme) 2. 头韵(Alliteration) 3. 谐元韵(Assonance)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的体式(Style) 有的诗分成几节(stanza),每节由若干诗行组成(每行诗均以大写字母开头);有的诗则不分节。目前我们常见的诗体有: 1. 十四行诗 (Sonnet) 2. 打油诗(Limericks) 3. 无韵体(Blank Verse ) 4. 自由诗(Free Verse)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的意象(Imagery ) (1) 意象是诗歌或其他文学作品中通过直叙或暗示或比拟使读者感觉到融入情感或理智的事物及其形状与特征。意象派领袖庞德说,意象“表现的是在一刹那时间里理智与情感的复合”。意象包括情感、理智和载体(诗人笔下的某一具体事物)。意象是诗歌的重要构成部分,是诗人内心冲动的最充分最形象的表达。 意象是诗人传达经验的媒介,它作用于读者的感官,是读者和诗人之间沟通的桥梁。在意象的引导下,读者能够很多快领会诗歌的内涵,走进诗人创造的美好情景中。
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的意象(Imagery ) (2) 诗歌中常用的感觉意象(sensory image)有: 1. 视觉意象(visual image) 2. 听觉意象(auditory image) 3. 嗅觉意象(olfactory image) 4. 触觉意象(tactile image) 5. 味觉意象(gustatory image) 6. 动觉意象(kinesthetic image) 7. 抽象意象(abstract image)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的意象(Imagery ) (3) 诗歌中常用的感觉意象(sensory image)有: 1. 视觉意象:天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。 2. 听觉意象:两岸猿声啼不住,轻舟已过万重山。 3. 嗅觉意象:遥知不是雪,为有暗香来 。 4. 触觉意象:沾衣欲湿杏花雨, 吹面不寒杨柳风。 5. 味觉意象:采得百花成蜜后,为谁辛苦为谁甜? 6. 动觉意象:春风又绿江南岸。 红杏枝头春意闹。 7. 抽象意象:感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心。
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的意象(Imagery ) (4) 诗歌中实现意象的手段有: 1. 字面意象(verbal image) 2. 修辞意象(figurative image) 比喻:不知绿叶谁裁出,二月春风似剪刀。 象征:但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。昔我往矣,杨柳依依。 拟人:相看两不厌,只有敬亭山。 夸张:白发三千丈,缘愁似个长。
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的意象(Imagery ) (5) This Is Just to Say I have eaten Forgive me the plums they were delicious that were in so sweet the icebox and so cold and which by William Carlos Williams(1883-1963) you were probably saving for breakfast
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的意象(Imagery ) (6) Dreams Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. For when dreams go life is a barren field Frozen with snow. by Langston Hughes (1902-1967)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的意象(Imagery ) (7) The Eagle He clasps the crag with crooked hands; Close to the sun in lonely lands, Ringed with the azure world, he stands. The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls; He watches from his mountain walls, And like a thunderbolt he falls. by Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的意象(Imagery ) (8) Fog The fog comes on little cat feet. It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then moves on. by Carl Sandburg (1878-1967)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的意象(Imagery ) (9) Evening The chimneys, rank on rank, Cut the clear sky; The moon, With a rag of gauze about her loins Poses among them, an awkward Venus — And here am I looking wantonly at her Over the kitchen sink. by Richard Aldington (1892-1962)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Appreciation of poems 诗的意象(Imagery ) (10) 诗歌中意象的组合模式有: 1. 叠加式意象(superimposed images) 2. 交替式意象(alternate images) 3. 辐辏式意象(converged images)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works William Butler Yeats (1865—1939) 威廉•巴特勒•叶芝,出生于英国都柏林。叶芝早年的创作具有浪漫主义的华丽风格,善于营造梦幻般的氛围,如他在1893年出版的散文集《凯尔特曙光》便属于这种风格。进入不惑之年后,在现代主义诗人伊兹拉•庞德等人的影响下,尤其是在其本人参与爱尔兰民族主义政治运动之后,叶芝的创作风格发生了比较激烈的变化,更加趋近现代主义。被诗人艾略特誉为"当代最伟大的诗人"。 1923年叶芝被授予诺贝尔文学奖,获奖的理由是“以其高度艺术化且洋溢着灵感的诗作,表达了整个民族的灵魂”。
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works William Butler Yeats (1865—1939) 《当你老了》是叶芝流传最广的诗歌,表达了对痴心爱恋的美丽女演员茅德•冈的一生不懈的追求,直到生命为她燃尽的最后一刻。诗歌虚拟了一个暮年老人,回忆自己的青春爱情,字字句句都是诗人爱的表白,都是诗人对未来的想象。整首诗语言朴素而含蓄,没有热烈宣泄的激动,只有平静的真挚的倾诉。调子优雅而舒缓,如一首曼妙的华尔兹,在流动和飘逸中透出一抹淡淡的哀伤。
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works William Butler Yeats (1865—1939) And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. 1 弯下身子,在炽红的壁炉边, 忧伤地低诉,爱神如何逃走, 在头顶上的群山巅漫步闲游, 把他的面孔隐没在繁星中间。 (傅浩译)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works William Butler Yeats (1865—1939) And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. 2 垂下头来,在红光闪耀的炉子旁, 凄然地轻轻诉说那爱情的消逝, 在头顶的山上它缓缓踱着步子, 在一群星星中间隐藏着脸庞。 (袁可嘉译)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works William Butler Yeats (1865—1939) And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. 3 并且俯身闪烁发光的铁栏杆边, 嚅嗫,带些许忧伤,爱如何竟已 逸去了并且在头顶的高山踱蹀 复将他的脸藏在一群星星中间。 (王博轼译)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works William Butler Yeats (1865—1939) And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. 4 当你佝偻着,在灼热的炉栅边, 你将轻轻诉说,带着一丝伤感: 逝去的爱,如今已步上高山, 在密密星群里埋藏着它的赧颜。 (飞白译) 赧: nǎn 因害羞而脸红。
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works William Butler Yeats (1865—1939) And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. 5 在炉栅边,你弯下了腰, 低语着,带着浅浅的伤感, 爱情是怎样逝去,又怎样步上群山, 怎样在繁星之间藏住了脸。 (冰心译)
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Robert Frost(1874-1963) 罗伯特•弗罗斯特是20世纪最受欢迎的美国诗人。他曾4次获得普利策文学奖和许多其他的奖励及荣誉,被称为美国文学中的桂冠诗人。他的诗歌从农村生活中汲取题材, 但较少具有现代派气息。作为一名现代诗人,弗罗斯特走出了一条与20世纪多数诗人迥然不同的道路。他并不尝试诗歌形式的改革,而是沿用传统的旧形式来表达新时代的内容。他的语言浅显易懂,语气平缓、冷静,韵律也多是人们熟悉的。弗罗斯特还借自然描写揭示社会认识;憧憬理想而又不乏现实。这种传统与现代、自然与社会、理想与现实的双重性在诗人的诗作中随处可见,成为其在诗坛独树一帜的重要原因.
Appreciation and Oral Reading Of Classic English Works Robert Frost(1874-1963) 《停马在雪夜的林边》是弗罗斯特最负盛名的一首小诗,被他称为“我最堪记忆的一首诗”,首次出现于1923年出版的诗集《新罕普什尔》。诗歌里讲述了一位行人在雪夜树林间赶路,停下来歇息时欣赏周边风景,寓意着人生路上要坚持责任心,不为舒适而停下前进的脚步。诗歌运用眼前看似平淡无奇的事物,去表达一个深刻的哲理,易为读者接受和了解,并一直都维持在美国最受欢迎的一百首英文诗歌里第一名。诗中和谐美妙的音声所形成的极强的音乐效果,是这首诗在英美乃至全世界广为传诵、家喻户晓的主要原因。
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