15年6月四级高分课程 主讲老师：Henry

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The minute you think of giving up, think of the reason why you held on so long. 在你想要放弃的那一刻，想想为什么当初坚持走到了这里。

上节回顾： 句子主要基本成分 1. 主语：名词，动名词，to do 不定式，从句 2. 谓语：谓语动词 3 上节回顾： 句子主要基本成分 1.主语：名词，动名词，to do 不定式，从句 2.谓语：谓语动词 3.宾语：名词，动名词，To do 不定式，从句 4.定语：形容词，名词，介词短语，To do 不定式 分词 5.状语：副词，to do不定式 ，介词短语，从句做状 语，分词 6.补语：名词，形容词，副词，分词，to do不定式

I allowed my classmate to kiss hair of the girl at last class

英语语法之句子篇-2

1. 从句定义： 简单句，复合句（包含从句） 简单句：主 谓 宾 定 状 补eg: I am a boy 1.从句定义： 简单句，复合句（包含从句） 简单句：主 谓 宾 定 状 补eg: I am a boy. 从句是复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓 语部分，即句子应有的成分。 从句在复合句中可以当主语，宾语，定语，状语，补 语。 Eg: I am a boy who is 25 years old.

2. 从句分类： 定语从句（形容词从句）：从句起形容词的作用 Eg： I know the man who killed the woman 2.从句分类： 定语从句（形容词从句）：从句起形容词的作用 Eg： I know the man who killed the woman. 状语从句（副词从句）：从句起副词的作用,根据其作 用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、 方式和比较等从句。 Eg：I stay here because I love you. 名词性从句：从句起名词的作用（用作主语、宾语、 表语或者同谓语） Tips：从句一般由连词引导

3. 定语从句 用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般皆放在被 它所修饰的名（代）词之后，这种名（代）词就叫作先行 词。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词(或称引导词、关系 词等）。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语 等；关系副词在定语从句中用作状语。

A）限制性定语从句 定语从句放在所修饰名词的前面或后面。由于它限制 了名词的意义而与名词结合，表示一个单一的概念所以称 作限制性定语。 引导定语从句的关联词有who，whom， whose， that, when, where, why 和which.

Eg: 1. The dog that was lost has been found. 2 Eg: 1.The dog that was lost has been found. 2. Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting. 3. There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless. 4.The days when I went to school by bike have passed. 5. I arrived at a city where there was no shops. 6. The reason why he died suddenly is unknown.

Tips 关系代词只能用that： 1) 当先行词（前面修饰的名词）为all, little, few , everything, none等 a)There are few books that you can read in this book b) Is there anything that I can do for you.

2). 先行词既有人有物时 I talked about some places and people that I had visited 3）.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that You are the most beautiful girl that I have even seen. 4）. 当先行词有序数词修饰时，只能用that Rita was the first girl that finished the homework.

Such as， the same…as引导的定语从句 1） Such as， the same…as引导的定语从句 1）. Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 2）. You are no long the same as you were before.

B 非限制性定语从句 它们通常放在主语的前面或者后面，用一个逗号把它 们与主语分开,非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也 不会影响全句的理解 Eg: 1)：which 指代主句中的人 These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, was dead a month ago. 2). which 指代主句中的形容词 She was very patient to the children, which her husband seldom was.

3). Which 指代整个主句 Henry was shy talking with the girl, which was reasonable considering that he had no girlfriend. 4). As 引导 As we all know, the earth is round. I was late for class, as is often the case.

4. 状语从句 When I was a child, I studied very hard 4.状语从句 When I was a child, I studied very hard. We must go where we are from. Because I am young, I can run fast. If you work hard, you will succeed. I work hard so that I can earn a lot if money. Even though I tried my best, I failed to pass the CET4.

5.名词性从句 1）主语从句 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。常用连词： that， whether, who, what, whatever Eg: A) That he died last night made me sad. B) Whether she will help me is still unknown. C) Who will be my girlfriend depends on you. D) What you have done for me was outrageous.

2）表语从句：在复合句中充当表语成分的句子。 The question is when he can arrive at the hotel 2）表语从句：在复合句中充当表语成分的句子。 The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 3) 宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子。常见的宾 语从句有：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句. a）I agree that we should leave here.（动词的宾 语） b) Everything depends on whether you agree with us.

4）同位语从句 a）同位语：是一个名词，表示与前面名词相同的人 或物。 1 4）同位语从句 a）同位语：是一个名词，表示与前面名词相同的人 或物。 1.I like Henry and Rita， teachers of Duia. 2.His dinner, eggs and rice, is simple. 3.You may ask anyone-him, her or me. 4.They invited our family- father, mother and me- to their party.

b) 同位语从句 1. The idea that the earth is round is true. 2 b) 同位语从句 1.The idea that the earth is round is true. 2.There is a possibility that he is crazy. 3. Nobody can explain the mystery why he was murdered.

真题练一练：（2014.12） [A] On a train last Thursday, I sat opposite a man who was so fat that he filled more than one seat. He was pale and disfigured and looked sick to death, which he probably was: obesity(肥胖的)leads to many nasty ways of dying.

Looking around the carriage, I saw quite a few people like him, including a couple of fatty children with swollen checks pressing against their eyes. These people are part of what is without exaggeration an epidemic(流行病)of obesity.

[B] But it is quite unnecessary: there is a simple idea- far from new- that could spare millions of such people a lifetime of chronic(长期的)ill health, and at the same time save the National Health Service(NHS)at least ￡14 billion a year in England and Wales. There would, you might think, be considerable public interest in it.

This simple idea is that sugar is as good- or as bad- as poison and should be avoided. It is pure, white and deadly, as Professor John Yudkin described it 40 years ago in a revolutionary book of that name. The subtitle was How Sugar Is Killing Us.

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