英汉翻译中的正反表达法

定义 在英汉互译过程中，由于两种语言表达习惯不同，往往需要把英语中的正说译成汉语中的反说，把英语中的反说译成汉语中的正说，这样才能确切表达原意并符合语言的规范。这种把正说处理为反说，把反说处理为正说的译法，叫正反表达法。这种正说和反说的相互转换是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法。它属于引申和修辞范围。那么，什么是正说和反说呢？英语词句中含有“never”，“no”，“not”，“non-”，“un-”，“im-”，“in-”，“ir-”，“-less”等成分以及汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“毋”、“勿”等成分的为反说，不含有这些成分的为正说。

一、英译汉正说反译法---动词 1）“I have read your articles．I expect to meet an old man．” 　译文：“我读过你的文章，没想到你这样年轻。” 2）The above facts insist on the following conclusions . 　译文：上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论。 3）As a result, many people avoided the very 　　attempts that are the source of true happiness. 　译文：结果，很多人没有尝试，而这些尝试正是幸福的源泉。

4）I have a completely open mind．I have read your articles，I expected to meet an old man． 　译文：我完全没有成见。我读过你的文章了，想不到你这么年轻。 5）Appearances are deceptive. 　译文：外表是靠不住的。 6）The window refuses to open. 　译文：窗户打不开。 7）Children were excluded from getting in the building. 　译文：孩子不许进入这幢楼房。

8）Such a chance denied me. 　译文：我没有得到这个机会。（动词） 9）He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. 　译文：他75岁了，可是并不显老。 10）Please remain seated while the plane is taking off．We may safely say so． 　译文：飞机起飞时请不要离开座位。我们这样说万无一失。 11）The plan as it is leaves much to be desired． 　译文：目前这样的方案大有不足之处。

形容词 12）The light in the classroom is poor. 译文：教室里的光线不足。 13）The explanation is pretty thin. 译文：这个解释站不住脚。 14）He was absent from his own country last year． 译文：他去年不在自己的国家。 15）At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. 译文：目前，这个观点已被普遍接受，虽然它是不言而喻的，并不是根据科学严密推理而证明的。

副词 16）He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the children． 译文：他衣服没脱就跳入水中，把孩子救了上来。 17）I stayed awake almost the whole night．I'll be here for good this time． 译文：我昨夜几乎一夜没睡。我这次再也走不动了。 18）Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep. 译文：他衣服也不脱往床铺上横着一躺，很快就睡着了。

名词 19）He was extremely sorry for the shortness of time． 译文：他对时间不足感到十分抱歉。 20）Behave yourself during my absence. 译文：我不在时要规矩点。 21) This failure was the making of him. 译文：这次不成功是他成功的基础。

介词 22）I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task． 译文：我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。 23）His answer is beside the mark.。 译文：他的回答文不对题。 24）I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 译文：我有一些信件没有及时答复。 25）The lecture was interesting，but as far as I am concerned the speaker was speaking over my head． 译文：这讲座很有趣，但对我来说，讲座太深了，听不懂。

连词 26）Before I could say “thank you”，the postman had disappeared around the corner． 译文：我还没来得及说声“谢谢”，邮递员已经在拐角处不见了。 27） The soldiers would fight to death before they surrendered. 译文：战士们宁愿战死也决不投降。

习惯用法 28） He is anything but a writer. 译文：他决不是一个作家。 29）The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war. 译文：岛民发现自己远远没有做好作战准备。 30）The decision has to come. 译文：决定尚未作出。 31）It is a wise father that knows his own child. 译文：无论怎样聪明的父亲也不见得了解自己的孩子。

固定搭配 32）I'm only too pleased to work with you．I'm but too glad to do so．和你一起工作太高兴了。 译文：我非常愿意这样做。 33）We will die before we give in． 译文：我们宁死不屈。

祈使句正说反译 34）Keep off the grass. 译文：不要践踏草坪 . 35）Wet paint ! 译文：油漆未干！

二、英译汉反说正译法---动词 1）At the same time，even as she untied the package，the thought came to her—supposing they would not work？ 译文：就在她打开包的时候，她有一个念头：万一它们不灵验呢？ 2）The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations. 译文：虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。 3）The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer. 译文：调查结果清楚的说明病人死于癌症。

4）Britain could not have advanced her industrialization so rapidly， if ，just when owners of factories needed it most，an abundant supply of cheap labor had not made itself available． 译文：英国工业化进展得如此之快，如果不是各厂家老板正当急需之时，有大量廉价劳动力可供使用，那是不可能的。 5）I only wish he was here himself，as I don＇t doubt he will be here at sunset tomorrow． 译文：我希望他也在这里，我有把握，明天太阳下山的时候，他就要来了。

形容词 6）The scientist must approach the familiar just as carefully and cautiously as he does the unfamiliar． 译文：科学家在处理熟知的事物时，必须像处理陌生的事物一样小心谨慎。 7） He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 译文：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。

副词 8）Everyone felt nervous that afternoon，and they all went about their work in an unusually careful manner． 译文：那天下午，大家都感到紧张，干活时特别小心谨慎。 9）It is the only possession that I have not given up. 译文：这是我所保留的唯一财产。 10）The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him． 译文：归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心中。

名词 11）The illiteracy rate declined from 30．4 percent in 1910 to 22．9 percent in 1920． 译文：文盲率从1910年的30．4％降低到1920年的22．9％。 12）He showed a strong dislike for father’s business. 译文：他对他父亲的生意表现出强烈的厌恶。

介词 13）The problem is not beyond our reach. 译文：这个问题我们能解决。 14）The whole gun was no longer than eight inches.  译文：整枝枪的长度只有8英寸。

习惯用法 15）Violent video games appeared no more likely to cause loss of temper than other forms of play. 译文：含有暴力内容的电子游戏和其他形式的游戏一样，似乎都不大可能使人受挫发火。

固定搭配 16）You cannot praise the play too highly． 译文：这出戏你怎么称赞也不过分。 17）Young scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete，certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply． 　译文：现在的科学知识似乎都不像许多教科书所叙述的那样 完善、那样肯定、那样一成不变，对于这种情况，年轻科学家意识到得越快越好。 18）These scientists could not believe the two Curies more． 译文：这些科学家完全相信居里夫妇。

19）It will not be long before they understand the truth that study hard before it is too late． 译文：他们大概不久就会理解要趁早努力学习的道理。 20）She won’t go away until you promise to help her . 译文：她要等你答应帮助以后才肯走。

双否定译肯定 21）There can be no sunshine without shadow 译文：有阳光就有阴影。 22）When we read, we may visit the most beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue, inconvenience, expense. 译文:我们阅读时可遍访地球上最美丽的地方，轻松，便捷，便宜。 23）It’s not seldom that he plays Majiang. （= He often plays Majiang. ） 译文：他常常打麻将。 24）We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 译文：我们对生活要永远抱乐观态度。

25）The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us. 译文：这件事引起了我们的重视。 26）Such mistakes couldn’t long escape notice. 译文：这类错误迟早会被发觉的。 27） Elliott was too clever not see that many of the persons who accepted his invitation did so only to get a free meal and that of these some were stupid and some worthless. 译文：艾略特是一个聪明人。他定能看得出许多接受他邀请的人只是为了来吃一顿不花钱的饭。他知道这些人有的愚不可及，有的则微不足道。

部分否定 28）Not all minerals come from mines . 译文：并非所有矿物都来自矿山。 29）Both of the substances do not dissolve in water. 译文：不是两种物质都溶于水。 30）All that glitters is not gold. （= Not all that glitters is gold. ） 译文：闪光的不一定都是金子。

祈使句反说正译 31）No smoking! 译文：严禁吸烟 32）No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced. 译文：凭票退还押金。 33）Don’t lose time in posting this letter. 译文：赶快把这封信寄出去。

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