Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气

三 英语动词有 种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气 英语动词有 种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气 三 用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。

区别: 陈述语气 虚拟语气 If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved. If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气

1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法; 虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法; 5、虚拟语气时态的判定。

if引导的虚拟条件句

If I ____________time last night, I _____________ to see the film with you . had had would have gone

If he more carefully, had driven he the car accident yesterday. would not have had

I trapped in this island. If I how to swim, had learnt I trapped in this island. would not have been

If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.

What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would…

If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.

If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.

If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.

If it were fine now, I would go shopping.

If he got up early, he would be on time

虚拟语气 虚拟语气在 在条件从句中 [例句] If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反) 2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)

现在 过去 将来 主从句的谓语形式 时间 did / were had done 1. did / were 2. should do If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 时间 现在 would/could/should/might +V.(原) did / were would/could/should/might+have+p.p. 过去 had done 1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do would/could/should/might + V.(原) 将来

与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形 1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。 If I were you, I would try it again. 2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。 If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.

与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（have done） 1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。 If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination. 2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。 If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.

与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语) If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/ could/might +动词原形 如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事. If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it. If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him. If he should come here tomorrow, I would tell him.

If虚拟句的倒装

万一下雨，我们将不得不推迟比 赛。 In case of rain, In case it rains, we will have to put off the sports meet. In case of rain, In case it rains, If it should rain, Should it rain,

如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他 If I were you, I would try it again. Were I you, … If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Had he been there yesterday, … If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out. Should it snow tomorrow, …

1. ____the exam, he would have attend a college. A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass 2.___five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive

名词性从句中的虚拟语气及几种虚拟语气特殊句型

1.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose (advice, suggestion, proposal ) 4. demand , require, request, desire 这些词引导的名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。 即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形， 或者将should省略。

(should) come 表语从句 (should) be 同位语从句 (should ) go 宾语从句 (should ) go My demand is that she _______________ (come) to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical works (be)closed down. He suggested that we ____________ (go) to Beijing for sightseeing. The proposal that we (go)out for a picnic was warmly welcomed. 表语从句 (should) be 同位语从句 (should ) go 宾语从句 (should ) go 同位语从句

We suggest that you (should) be there on time. = Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time = It is our suggestion that you (should) be there on time. = It is suggested that you (should) be there on time.

obey was be sent have was 注意： 如suggest, insist用于其本意“暗示、 表明“、”坚持认为“时，宾语从句 用陈述语气。 1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody __________(obey)the rules. 2.He insisted that she______(be)seriously ill and that _________(send) to hospitals at once. 3.He suggested that we________(have) a meeting at once. 4.His pale face suggested that he______(be) ill. obey was be sent have was

虚拟语气 虚拟语气在 在主语从句中 4.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 [例句] 1) It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 2) It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 3) It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

It is a pity, a shame, no wonder 主语从句中的虚拟语气　 基本句型： It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative… It is a pity, a shame, no wonder

1. Is it necessary that he _____ the examination? 考题点击： 1. Is it necessary that he _____ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _____ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told D B

He behaves as if he owned the house. ( But he doesn’t own it or probably doesn’t own it or we don’t know whether he owns it or not.)

He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.

虚拟语气 虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中 6.在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done). 一、as if (as though) 连接表语从句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days. 二、as if 连接让步状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。 He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。

as if /though + Clause did /were(现在) 现在： 过去： 将来 : had done(过去) would+动词原形(将来)

{ 区别： He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA. 陈述语气 He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA. 虚拟语气

虚拟语气 虚拟语气中的几个特例 It’s (high/right) time that… that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do It’s time that you left here. It is high time that the children should go to bed

过去时 should +V. 你该走了。 我们该睡觉了。 It’s (about/high) time +that -- It’s high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go. 我们该睡觉了。 It’s (about) time that we went to bed. It’s time that we should go to bed.

在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中 虚拟语气 虚拟语气中的几个特例 在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中

现在： 过去： 未来： 过去时 1. would rather that 过去完成时 过去时 I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.

虚拟语气 虚拟语气中的几个特例 4. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.

有时为了表达需要,并不总是出现 if 引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句. 1.I was ill that day. 0therwise, I ___________________ (take ) part in the sports meet. 2.I _______________ (give) you more help, but I was too busy. 3.A man who stopped drinking ____________ (be) dead in seven days. 4.But for water, it ________ (be) impossible to live in the desert. would have taken might have given would be would be

wish引导的虚拟句

I wish I _______(be)as tall as you. were I wish I _______(be)as tall as you.

I wish I were a bird.

I wish every day _____(be)my birthday. were

I wish/wished I ____________( eat ) so much watermelon. hadn’t eaten

I wish it would rain tomorrow.

表示愿望( wish), wish接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do

would / might /would do 将来 wish + that How I wish If only did/were 现在 had done 过去 would / might /would do 将来 我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了） I wish I remembered the address. 要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开） How I wish he had not left. 要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨） I wish it would rain tomorrow.

虚拟语气 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 [例句] 1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。 3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。 4. He wished he hadn't done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。

虚拟语气 if only 意为：若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 只要, 只要...就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time! If only she didn’t drive so fast.

If only (1) …要是就好了 = I wish If only I knew his name now! If only we had followed your advice last time! If only I could see him again next year! If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadn’t missed the train!

虚拟语气时态的判定

注意: 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 从句表示现在，主句表示过去 如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。 If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now. 从句表示过去，主句表示现在 如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。 If it hadn’t been raining those days, we should be going on with the works. 从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行

If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。 （从句说明过去，主句说明现在。） If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）

If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. 假若你不借钱给我， 我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。 （从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）

had been would be growing had followed wouldn’t be were 1. 如果过去天气好的话，现在庄稼长得更好了． If the weather ____________finer, the crops _______________________still better. 2.如果你听了老师的建议的话，你现在就不会在医院里了． If you _______________ the teacher’s advice, you ______________ in the hospital. 3. 如果你身体状况好一些的话，我们本可能会让你去帮助他们工作的． If you in better health,we _________________ you to go there to help their work. had been would be growing had followed wouldn’t be were could have allowed

Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London. 虚拟语气 More Exercises Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 2. If I had known you were coming, I ___ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have met A D

虚拟语气 B 3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen 4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus ___ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone B A B

虚拟语气 C 6. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 7. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 8. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent A B

虚拟语气 9. – Have you ever been to Beijing? -- No, but I wish I ___. D A. have B. will C. do D. had 10. I don’t think it is the right time that you __. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿. A. breaks   B. has broken   C. were broken   D. had been broken D B C

Practice Finish a writing passage, according to the Chinese given Practice Finish a writing passage, according to the Chinese given. Jim刚刚做完左腿手术而被告诉一个月不能走动。他后悔如果前一天晚上没有玩电脑游戏，今天早晨就可以早点儿起床，也就不会因为怕迟到而撞倒致使自己住院了。妈妈也因为儿子没有按时睡觉而在责备他。同时Jim也在遗憾下周的运动会不能参加了，预想的400米冠军也不能得到了。

Practice Complete the following passage with the verbs in brackets,using the Subjunctive Mood.

Jim has just had an operation on his leg Jim has just had an operation on his leg. He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three months. Now he regrets what he did: The accident would not have happened if he had not been so foolish. He (not wake up) so late that morning if he ______________ (not stay up) late the night before playing computer games. wouldn’t have woken up hadn’t stayed up

Jim’s mother agreed:”If my son __________(get up) half an hour earlier, he __________________ (not ride) his bike so crazily.”Jim’s mother blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he _____ ________(follow) advice and gone to bed earlier ,he ______________(spend) more time on his way to school and he _______________(not hit)a tree by the street.” had got up wouldn’t have ridden had followed could have spent would’t have hit

“Yes, indeed, Mum”answered Jim in a low voice “Yes, indeed, Mum”answered Jim in a low voice. “ But you know if I _____________(not notice) the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden, I________________( knock) her down. My leg____________________ (not injure),and instead of me the girl __________________(take)to hospital. hadn’t noticed would have knocked would’have been injured would have been taken

Lying in bed, Jim kept on saying “ How I wish I__________ (be) more careful,Mum!” It was true that if this accident had not happened, Jim __________(find) himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And it ___________(be) possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he _________(join) them the next week. had been would find would be could join

so that 与in order that 二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may /might/can /could /etc.+动词原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it. She listened carefully in order that she minght discover exactly what he wanted. He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.

9.用 “may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ May you be happy!祝你快乐！ May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就 Long live the people! 人民万岁！ “God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”

含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况:

W hat would I have done without you? 1. 条件暗含在短语中。如： W hat would I have done without you? (条件暗含在分词短语without you中) It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中) But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含条件是but for your help)

This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. (暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含条件是alone)

2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如： You might stay here forever. (可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. (可能暗含if we had kept trying) Your reputation would be ruined. (可能暗含if you should accept it) I would appreciate a little of your time. (可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)

3. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如： You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。 I would like to come. 我愿意来。 I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。 He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样