Extending Arguments in Member Speeches 阁员的扩展论辩 China Debate Education Network: Extending Arguments in Member Speeches 阁员的扩展论辩 翻译：曾庆熹

Role of Member Speakers 阁员陈词职责 Task 1. Refutation 任务一：反驳 ---- Length should be brief.长度要短 ---- Content should be essential.内容要简 Task 2. Extension任务二：扩展 ---- Length should be considerable.长度要足 ---- Content should be elaborate.内容要详

Kinds of Extensions扩展的种类 New Line of Argument全新论点 In-depth Analysis深入分析 Focused Case Study个人聚焦

What is new Line of argument 什么是全新论点 A new reason to explain why particular claim is correct. This new reason is independent from other reasons .用以论证某具体论断正确性的全新逻辑体系。这个全新的逻辑体系是区别于本场辩论已有的其他逻辑体系的。

What is in-depth analysis? 什么是深入分析？ More comprehensive understanding of the argument discussed.对已有论点更加深入而全面的阐释。 Like onion-peeling, figure out the reason behind each arguments made. 就像剥洋葱，层层揭示论点背后的问题。

What is focused case study? 什么是个案聚焦？ Focus on one typical example and offer detailed analysis of it 聚焦于一个典型性案例，提供有关于这个案例的细节，并深入分析之。

Criteria of good Member speech优秀阁员陈词的特征 1. Quality of extension扩展的质量 2. Loyalty忠诚度 3. Distinction区别性

Basic Purposes of Member Speech 阁员陈词的基本目标 Advancement 更优性 Unique contribution独特贡献

1st Government Arguments 1st Opposition Arguments Example1:TH should ban smoking in China. 1st Gov & 1st Opp Constructive Arguments 1st Government Arguments 1st Opposition Arguments Ensure healthy Living Environment Protect second-smoking smoking victims Reduce medical burden on public healthcare system Reduce the risk of fire 1. Free choice of lifestyle 2. Economic Impacts Loss of revenue (tobacco industry) Personal economic loss (shopkeepers, tobacco factory workers, tobacco farmers) More serious unemployment

例1:本院将在中国禁烟 正上和反上的论点 正上 反上 确保健康的生活环境 保护二手烟受害者 减少公共医疗卫生开支 降低火灾风险 例1:本院将在中国禁烟 正上和反上的论点 正上 反上 确保健康的生活环境 保护二手烟受害者 减少公共医疗卫生开支 降低火灾风险 1. 生活方式自由选择权 2. 经济影响 收入减少 (烟草行业) 个人经济损失(烟草销售者，烟草工人，烟草农民) 更严重的失业问题

？ . Member Government 正方阁员 Member Opposition 反方阁员 Given the above examples, what are possible extensions for the Member of Government and Member of Opposition? 基于上述例子，两个下院的扩展可以怎么做？ . Member Government 正方阁员 Member Opposition 反方阁员 ？

Potential Extension Arguments for Member of Government Member Government Member Opposition Extension (Constructive) Arguments Individual Rights of health are more important than smoking rights; health rights are basic human rights A clear message to public, to advocate correct values and healthy lifestyle Impact on Next Generation

正方阁员扩展举例 Member Opposition Extension (Constructive) Arguments Member Government Member Opposition Extension (Constructive) Arguments 个人健康权比吸烟权更重要; 健康权是基本人权 向社会传递明确信息, 倡导正确的价值观和生活方式 对下一代的影响

Potential Extension Arguments for Member of Opposition Member Government Member Opposition Extension (Constructive) Arguments Individual Rights of health are more important than smoking rights; health rights are basic human rights A clear message to public, to advocate correct values and healthy lifestyle Impact on Next Generation Public Backlash Smoker’s protest and social unrest 2. Illegal market a. more crime and violence, b. more money to criminals

反方阁员扩展举例 Member Opposition Extension (Constructive) Arguments Member Government Member Opposition Extension (Constructive) Arguments 个人健康权比吸烟权更重要; 健康权是基本人权 向社会传递明确信息, 倡导正确的价值观和生活方式 对下一代的影响 1、公众的反对 吸烟者的抗议和社会动荡 2、黑市 a. 更多暴力和犯罪 b. 更多资金流向犯罪

Contrast of Two Government Teams Smoking should be banned in China First (Upper) Government Constructive Arguments Ensure healthy Living Environment Protect second-hand smoking victims 2. Reduce medical burden on public healthcare system 3. Reduce the risk of fire Second (Lower) Government Extension Arguments Individual rights of health are more important than smoking rights; health rights are basic human rights A clear message to public, to advocate correct values and healthy lifestyle Impact on Next Generation

两个正方队的总结 中国应该禁烟 立论 1、确保健康的生活环境 保护二手烟受害者 2、减少公共医疗卫生开支 3、降低火灾风险 扩展论点 正上 立论 1、确保健康的生活环境 保护二手烟受害者 2、减少公共医疗卫生开支 3、降低火灾风险 正下 扩展论点 个人健康权比吸烟权更重要; 健康权是基本人权 向社会传递明确信息, 倡导正确的价值观和生活方式 对下一代的影响

Contrast of Two Opposition Teams Smoking should be banned in China First (Upper) Opposition Constructive Arguments Free choice of lifestyle Economic impacts Loss of revenue (tobacco industry) Personal economic loss (shopkeepers, tobacco factory, workers, tobacco farmers) More serious unemployment Second (Lower) Government Extension Arguments Public backlash (smokers’ protest & social unrest) Illegal market More crime and violence More money to criminals

两个反方队的总结 中国应该禁烟 立论 1. 生活方式自由选择权 2. 经济影响 收入减少 (烟草行业) 反上 立论 1. 生活方式自由选择权 2. 经济影响 收入减少 (烟草行业) 个人经济损失(烟草销售者，烟草工人，烟草农民) 更严重的失业问题 反下 扩展论点 1、公众的反对 吸烟者的抗议和社会动荡 2、黑市 a. 更多暴力和犯罪 b. 更多资金流向犯罪

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