Ask for an give an opinion Spectrum II Unit One Ask for an give an opinion Express surprise Agree or disagree Confirm information

Preview the conversations How much do you know about Peru?

Peru’s Amazon Machu Picchu

1. Peru: A country of western South America on the Pacific Ocean 1. Peru: A country of western South America on the Pacific Ocean. Inhabited since at least the 9th millennium B.C., it was the center of an Incan empire established after the 12th century A.D. Lima is the capital and the largest city. Cuzco A city of southern Peru in the Andes east-southeast of Lima. Cuzco, was the heart of the Inca civilization from the 14th to the 15th centuries. In reflection, there are numerous impressive ruins. Many of the villagers in this valley today live life much the same as they did prior to the Spanish Conquest in 1532. Cuzco is a city where past and present collide in an uneasy mix. This mythical capital of the Inca Empire, preserves with pride its wall and battlements of stone, which evoke the greatness of the sons of the sun. Cuzco is a city plentiful of historical monuments and relics and of myths and legends. Visiting Cuzco is an unforgettable experience that permits to unravel some of the mysteries of the Incas, because Cuzco was the center, the navel of the Andean world.

2. altitude: The height of a thing above sea level （海拔）高度 At high altitudes of Tibet it is difficult to breathe. Compare: attitude: manner 姿势, 态度, 看法 3. hike: have a long walk in the country for pleasure go on a hike 4. The Andes: A mountain system of western South America安第斯山脉 5. scenery: [U] the natural surroundings Review: landscape [C] view [C] scene [C] 6. Our feet are getting the vacation they need. — Our feet are tired and are resting now.

Do you remember sentences for greeting someone after some time/ a long time? ☺I haven’t seen you in ages. ☺Long time no see. ☺How have you been?/ How are you? ☺You haven’t changed a bit! ☺ I didn’t recognize you at first. You’ve really changed.

Lesson 1-4 Words and phrases 1. a master/ bachelor/ doctor’s degree degree: a course of study at a university or college (+in) a degree in economics take/ do a degree; have/ hold a degree 2. thriller: a book or film that tells an exciting story about murder or crime thrill: a sudden strong feeling of excitement and pleasure发抖,兴奋；激动 It gave me a thrill to know I had passed the examination. thrilled/ thrilling: excited/ exciting

3. come out: be offered for sale; if a book, record etc comes out, it becomes publicly available.出版 A second edition will come out next year. 4. break up: come or bring to an end 结束; 破裂 Their marriage broke up. The police broke up the fight. Compare: The ship broke up on the rocks. (=separate something into many piece) When does your school break up? (=begin a holiday)

Functions and Class Activities Ask for and give an opinion What’s new? Did you do anything special in the summer? How was it? It’s one of the nicest places I’ve ever been. ☺# 2, page 4 ☺# 5&6, page 5

Express surprise; agree or disagree to an opinion I’m not working at the bank anymore. You aren’t? It’s really exciting, isn’t it? It really is. To tell you the truth, I didn’t think it was that exciting. ☺#1&4, page 6 ☺#2, page 7

Lesson 5 1. relief: a feeling of comfort when something frightening, worrying, or painful has ended or has not happened I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination. 2. routine: the usual or normal way in which you do things 日常工作; 常规 a routine medical examination the routine meeting a routine job 平淡的；乏味的 3. run into: to meet by chance Guess who I ran into in town today?

4. unpack: to remove things from (a container) Have you unpacked (your clothes/ your suitcase) yet? Opposite: pack: put things into cases, boxes, etc We leave tomorrow but I haven’t begun to pack yet! package: a number of things packed together a package of books 5. pots and pans: cooking containers炊事用具,锅碗瓢盆 Will you help me wash up all these pots and pans?

Lesson 7 1. isolated: far away from any others; feeling alone and unable to meet or speak to other people an isolated farmhouse Not many people visit this isolated spot. Young mothers often feel isolated and cut off from the rest of the world. 2. expedition: A journey made by a group of people with a definite objective远征，探险 a scientific expedition to the South Pole 对南极的科学考察 3. abandon: desert, give up abandon a friend in trouble abandoned the ship

4. conquest: n. The act or process of conquering David is one of Joan's conquests; he's fallen in love with her already. conquer: v. to defeat, overcome conquer shyness战胜羞怯 conquer bad habits克服不良习惯 the conquered被征服者， 败者 Man can conquer nature.人定胜天。 I finally conquered my fear of heights. 5. fortress: a large, strong building used for defending an important place The easiest way to capture a fortress is from within. 堡垒是最容易从内部攻破的。 6. perform: to do something such as a piece of work, a duty, or a ceremony perform a rite; perform a task The singer performed beautifully.

7. Consist of: to be made up of The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Compare: comprise, compose, constitute and include: The United Kingdom consists of/ is composed of/ comprises England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland constitute/ comprise (=together form) the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom includes Northern Ireland and Wales.

8. sacred: connected with a god or religion; greatly respected, or believed to be holy Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all sacred buildings.寺庙、清真寺、基督教堂及犹太教堂都是奉献给神的建筑物。 The cow is a sacred animal to Hindus.对印度人来说, 牛是一种神圣的动物。 9. approximately: about, almost exact近似地, 大约 10. terrace: a flat area cut out of a slope that is often used to grow crops turning a hillside into a series of ascending terraces for farming把一块山坡变成了耕作用的一层层梯田

11. erosion: the process of being gradually destroyed by rain, wind, the sea etc腐蚀, 侵蚀 soil erosion/ the erosion of the coastline erode: v. The coast is slowly eroding away. 海岸正在慢慢地被冲蚀。 12. aqueduct:沟渠, 导水管 13. dehydrate: to remove water from 脱水 to dehydrate milk to make milk powder dehydrated vegetables People can very quickly dehydrate in the desert.

14. extraordinary: beyond what is ordinary or usual; a man of extraordinary strength What an extraordinary idea! Similar: remarkable, exceptional, unusual, special Opposite: ordinary, common, normal, general 15. barrier: something that prevents activity or movement 障碍物, 栅栏, 屏障 The police put a barrier across the road.路障 Lack of confidence is the biggest barrier to learning a foreign language.

16. gem: a precious stone; a pearl or mineral; jewel precious gems cat's eye gem 猫眼宝石 17. uncover: a) to remove the cover from揭开…的盖子： uncovered the saucepan打开平底锅盖子 b) find out about something that has been kept secret暴露，揭露 The police have uncovered a plot.警察当局侦破了一起阴谋。 Compare: discover: to find something that was hidden or that people did not know about before 发现, 发觉 Columbus discovered America in 1492. Scientists are now trying to discover if this is possible.

Supplementary Reading

Seven Wonders of the World, works of art and architecture regarded by ancient Greek and Roman observers as the most extraordinary structures of antiquity. In the ancient world there were seven great man-made structures for travelers to see on a world tour. Lists of the so-called seven wonders of the world sometimes varied. The following list, dating from about the 6th century AD, was a commonly used and standard one: (1) the pyramids of Egypt; (2) the Hanging Gardens of Babylon; (3) the statue of Zeus at Olympia; (4) the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; (5) the temple of Artemis (Diana) at Ephesus; (6) the Colossus of Rhodes[6]; (7) the Pharos (lighthouse) of Alexandria.

注释： 1．works：work 不是应该是不可数名词么，为什么这里变成复数的形式呢？因为work 在这儿不表达“工作，劳动”，而是“作品，著作”，可数并且常用复数，比如：the works of Shakespeare 莎士比亚的著作；the works of art 艺术品。 2．Zeus：宙斯，希腊神话中的奥林匹亚神山上众神的主宰，在罗马神话中，他也叫朱庇特。 3．Halicarnassus ：哈利卡纳苏斯，小亚西亚西南部卡里西亚地区的一座希腊古城。希腊历史学家希罗多德的诞生地。 4．Artemis：阿耳忒弥斯，希腊神话中的狩猎和动物之神，同时也主管婴儿的出生。她是太阳神阿波罗的妹妹。在罗马神话中，她也叫狄安娜。 5．Ephesus：以弗所，古希腊殖民城市。在小亚细亚西岸。公元前6世纪为吕底亚王国的工商业中心。 6．Rhodes：罗得斯岛，是希腊的第三大岛，也是欧洲阳光最充足的地方。

世界七大奇观 　　世界七大奇观是被古希腊和古罗马的观察家们认可为古代遗迹中最非凡的艺术品和建筑作品。 　对于环游世界的旅行者来说，古代世界有七个值得参观的伟大的人工建筑。所谓的世界七大奇观的名单有时会有所不同。以下的名单始于大约从公元6世纪，它不但被广泛使用而且还是标准的名单： （1） 埃及金字塔； （2） 巴比伦空中花园； （3） 奥林匹亚的宙斯大金像； （4） 摩索拉斯亡灵； （5） 以弗所的阿耳忒弥斯（狄安娜）神庙； （6） 罗得斯岛的太阳神巨像； （7） 亚力山大港的索斯特拉塔斯灯塔。