American Religion: major ideas in the book American history and religious liberty the US Constitution and religion Protestants and different Protestant groups in the US Catholics in the US Jews and their religious faith religious diversity in the US characteristics of American religious beliefs

What are the three main faiths in USA? Lead-In What are the most popular religions in the world? What are the three main faiths in USA?

世界性三大宗教为基督教(Christianity) 伊斯兰教(Islam)和佛教(Buddhism)，中国人习惯上称中国有五大宗教，即天主教、基督教(指基督新教)、伊斯兰教、佛教和道教Taoism，而实际上只是在世界三大宗教基础上加上了中国传统宗教——道教。西方人还将中国人传统信仰“儒教”也算作一大宗教。这些宗教都是由民族宗教或古代宗教发展演变而来的.

Three main faiths in USA 三大宗教信仰 — Protestants 新教 ----Baptist ----Methodist …….. — Catholics 天主教 — Jews 犹太教

WASP?? White Anglo-Saxon Protestant盎格鲁撒克逊裔的白人新教徒 American mainstream culture was developed from “_______" culture and people who settled in the 13 North American colonies that would become the United States were mostly _____________________ believers. WASP?? White Anglo-Saxon Protestant盎格鲁撒克逊裔的白人新教徒

Religious Liberty—Para1,2 How many kinds of Protestants are mentioned by the middle of the 18th century? What’s the relationship between different kinds of Protestants? Great Awakening

Early American religions By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants lived in America. Lutherans from Germany Dutch Reformed Church荷兰归正宗flourished in New York and New Jersey Presbyterians长老会 from Scotland Huguenots 胡格诺会from France Congregationalists公理会 Puritans dominated in Massachusetts, New England area Although the Church of England was an established church in several colonies, Protestants lived side by side in relative harmony.

The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival ” movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations.　 18世纪40年代的宗教大复兴运动力图把新的感觉和新的力量注入北美各殖民地人民的宗教信仰中去。这次“复兴”运动打破了新教各派的界限。

随着欧洲各国移民的源源不断到来,北美定居者不断向西部荒野地区挺进,许多人宗教观念开始淡薄起来. 这种情况引起宗教界的恐慌 随着欧洲各国移民的源源不断到来,北美定居者不断向西部荒野地区挺进,许多人宗教观念开始淡薄起来. 这种情况引起宗教界的恐慌. 一些宗教狂热分子从南向北兴起向群众布道运动,以增强大家的宗教信仰. 这次复兴运动虽然没有达到预想的全部目的,但却唤醒了北美人民的民族意识,促进了美国革命的爆发.

Religious Liberty—Para3 John Locke John Locke reasoned that the right to govern comes from an agreement or “______________” voluntarily entered into by free people. _____________________made this idea seem natural to many Americans.

John Locke reasoned that the right to govern comes from an agreement or “social contract” voluntarily entered into by free people. 自理的权力来自于一种协议，或社会契约，这是由自由民众自愿缔结的。

Religious Liberty—Para4 Which is more important for most Americans, politics or religion? 2. Who are deists?

A few American were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the enlightenment in Europe欧州的启蒙运动 that they became deists自然神论者, believing that reason teaches that God exist but leaves man free to settle his own affairs相信理智教导人们上帝是存在的，但上帝允许人类自由地处理自己的事物

　　自然神论者推崇理性原则，把上帝解释为非人格的始因的宗教哲学理论。   自然神论,又称理神论。在《英语词典》中，把自然神论定义为“那些只承认一位上帝，不接受任何启示宗教的人们的观念”。自然神论反对蒙昧主义和神秘主义，否定迷信和各种违反自然规律的 “奇迹”；认为上帝不过是“世界理性”或“有智慧的意志”；上帝作为世界的“始因”或“造物主”，它在创世之后就不再干预世界事务，而让世界按照它本身的规律存在和发展下去；主张用“理性宗教”或“自然宗教”代替“天启宗教

What about the government’s attitude toward religion? Religious Liberty—Para5,6,8,9,10 What about the government’s attitude toward religion? Declaration of Independence Among the rights that the new nation guaranteed, as a political necessity in a religiously diverse society, was freedom of religion. No special favor; No state-supported religion but,,, Do not pay taxes but… in conclusion…

Protestant---para1 Over ______ of Americans are said to be ______believers. 1.The ______ are the largest Protestant group in America. 2. They believe in ______ ______ 3.They are concentrated particularly in the ______ ______ ______ 4. White Baptists and ____________ Baptists go separately to their own churches.

(Over 60% of Americans are said to be Protestant believers. ) The Baptists(浸礼教徒) are the largest Protestant group in America. They believe in adult baptism by immersion, symbolizing a mature and responsible conversion experience浸礼教徒主张成人全身浸水以表示成熟负责任的皈依经历。他们相信这种用”圣水”浸礼的人就获得了新生. They are concentrated particularly in the Southern Bible Belt (南部信仰原教旨主义的地区,如田纳西州各州,这里有”南部圣经地带”之称). White Baptists and black Baptists go separately to their own churches.

Protestants in the Unites States mature and responsible Today, the majority of Americans belong to the Protestant church The Baptists are the largest Protestant group in the US. They believe in by immersion, symbolizing a conversion experience. adult baptism mature and responsible

Protestants in the Unites States Baptist Churches The Great Awakening energized the Baptist movement, and the Baptist community experienced spectacular growth. Baptists became the largest Christian community in many southern states, including among the black population. After the American Civil War, most black Baptists in the South separated from white churches and set up their own congregations. So most black Baptists go to different churches from the white. The Baptists concentrated particularly in the Southern Bible Belt

Protestants in the Unites States Baptist Churches 浸礼会（Baptist Churches），基督教新教主要宗派之一。十七世纪上半叶产生于英国以及在荷兰的英国流亡者中。当时属清教徒中的独立派。反对给儿童行洗礼，主张教徒成年后方可受洗，且受洗者须全身浸入水中（象征重生），称为“浸礼”，故名。浸礼会抵制抽烟、酗酒、跳舞等行为，并主张独立自主，反对国教和政府对地方教会的干涉。该教派在美国主要分布于北美地区，著名的洛克菲勒家族即信奉该教派。

para2 The ______ are the second largest Protestant group in the U.S. The Methodist Church has a form of service based on that of ______ ______

The Methodists are the second largest Protestant group in the U. S The Methodists are the second largest Protestant group in the U.S. The Methodist Church has a form of service based on that of the Church of England.卫理公会派,该派属新教,起源于18世纪英国的牛津大学. 创始人John Wesley.

The Methodists (卫理公会派) are the second largest Protestant group in the U.S. The Methodist Church has a form of service based on that of the Church of England.

Diversity of protestants—para4 There are more than ______ other protestant sects

Diversity of protestants—para4 There are more than 100 other protestant sects

Protestants in the Unites States Baptist Churches

Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, claiming more than a billion members. Led by the Pope. Catholic doctrine teaches that the Catholic Church was founded by Jesus Christ in the 1st century AD. Since the East-West Schism ['sizəm]分裂of 1054, the churches that remained in communion with the See of Rome罗马教廷 have been known as "Catholic", while the Eastern churches that rejected the pope's authority have generally been known as "Eastern Orthodoxy’ 天主教是耶稣亲手创立的教会。公元1054年，基督教东西教会大分裂，东部称东正教；西部称天主教。

2. the Catholics  The Catholic Church is the ___________ religious group in the U.S. More than ______ of all Americans are now of the Roman Catholic faith. The majority of the Catholics are descendants of immigrants from ______ , ______ , ______ . They stay near the ______ . In American history, the Catholics were ______ . By 1960, ______ ______ put to rest the Catholic religion as an issue in national politics By 1950s, the Catholics are active in ______ ______ ______ , and have risen to ______ ______ ______

2. the Catholics  The Catholic Church is the largest single religious group in the U.S. More than 25% of all Americans are now of the Roman Catholic faith. The majority of the Catholic are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. They have the main strength in the east coast. In American history, the Catholics were discriminated against. By 1960, J.F. Kennedy’s presidential election victory put to rest the Catholic religion as an issue in national politics　(结束了在国家政治中关于天主教的争端). Today, the Catholics are active in running their own institutions, and have risen to positions of leadership in business, politics and labor.

Catholics Pope The word Pope derives from Greek πάππας meaning "Father“, is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. The current office-holder is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected on 19 April 2005 教宗/教皇 本笃十六世1927年4月16日出生于巴伐利亚. 是现任天主教教宗， 2005年4月19日被选为教宗，2005年4月24日正式登基。 他是第八位德国籍教宗，能讲十种语言。

Catholics Although the largest church is of the Protestant faith, the largest single religious group in the United States is of Roman Catholics The majority of the Catholics in America are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland Most of the Catholics stayed near the east coast. Anti-Catholic prejudice was very strong, more often taking the form of discrimination. By 1960, John F. Kennedy’s presidential election victory put to rest the catholic religion as an issue in national politics. Kennedy was Roman Catholic. Catholics wanted their own schools, colleges and hospitals for they believed that these institutions were needed to preserve their faith. Catholics had risen to positions of leadership, not only in labor unions, but in business and politics.

The Jews most Jews in American were of _______. when Jews began coming to America in great numbers, _______appeared They formed an organization to compact prejudice. _______help Jewish defend against injustice : It played a major role in educating Americans about the injustice of prejudice and making them aware of the rights, not only of Jews, but of all minorities Many Jewish remained _______Others continued as _______, adopted _______.

The Jews most Jews in American were of German origin. when Jews began coming to America in great numbers, anti-Semitism反犹太主义appeared They formed an organization to compact prejudice.

anti-defamation League反诽谤联盟 help Jewish defend against injustice : It played a major role in educating Americans about the injustice of prejudice and making them aware of the rights, not only of Jews, but of all minorities Many Jewish remained religiously observant/ Others continued as ethnically Jewish, adopted a secular, nonreligious outlook.

Three Faiths By the 1950s, a kind of “three faiths” model of the United States had developed. Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties:

What is a church? An entire group of believers, such as the Catholic Church A denomination (Protestant), such as the Presbyterian Church, USA A congregation within a larger group The actual building or place where people meet

Does the church have one of these?

Does the church have one of these? Christian Cross Islamic Star and crescent Jewish Star of David

chapel

Religious Diversity The U.S. has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movement. Frontier American provided plenty of room to set up a new church or found a new community： Amish ; Jehovah's Witness Mormons; Evangelical Protestants; Orthodox Jew ; the Islam religion; Buddhism; Hindu

Religious Diversity experimental tradition small sects and cults social disputes pastors

Experimental tradition Many religious communities (宗教团体) and secular utopias (世俗的乌托邦组织)，experiments in new forms of social living (试验新的生活方式的团体),were founded in 18th and 19th century America. Many small sects（教派）and cults(信徒) appear in American society all the time.

① they regard the larger society as hopelessly corrupt ① they regard the larger society as hopelessly corrupt. Prohibition of alcohol, tobacco and caffeine are common. ② dramatic expectations about the future-predictions of the end of the world or the dawning of a new age-form the main tenets, or doctrines, of the group. ③ often the founder is a charismatic有魅力的 person, dynamic personality who claims some special revelation启示 or relationship with God.

Some groups never win a large following Others grow smaller or disappear when the founder dies or his prophecies fail to come true. Other prosper, win large followings and “graduate” into the high ranks

What is the American Character of Religion?

美国面积937万平方公里， 人口3.1亿， 白人占80%左右，为欧洲移民的后裔； 黑人3000多万； 其余为亚洲和太平洋岛屿移民后裔、印地安人、因纽特人等， 是一个多民族、多宗教的国家。居民主要信奉基督教和天主教，犹太教、东正教、佛教、伊斯兰教、道教等宗教亦有一定信众， 信仰宗教的公民在总人口中约占91%。