阅读理解 题型及技巧

近3年高考热点例析 （三）阅读理解的命题思路 要求：读懂公告、说明、广告以及书报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能： （1）理解主旨和要义； （2）理解文中具体信息； （3）根据上下文推断生词的词义； （4）作出简单判断和推理； （5）理解文章的基本结构； （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 2

[应试策略] A. 把阅读作为总复习的主要内容，每天保证一定的阅读量，精读与泛读相结合。要逐步熟悉语言运用中的难点，如长句的结构分析、后置定语、非谓语动词的含义、关联词语的使用，以及经常出现的省略、替代和跳跃等。 B. 通读全文,把握大意；细读题干，分清类型；带入原文，查找依据；仔细推敲，选出最佳。

C. 通过解答分析同类题而感知、领悟解题方法，从而养成分析文章、透过题干运用恰当的解题方法解决问题的良好做题习惯 D

[考、评点拨] 文体多样化，考察跨文化的交际意识；开阔的国际视野；合理的人生态度等。语言地道，讲究原汁原味；文章寓意深刻，具有时代气息。 干扰项的设置科学合理，不能出现不读文章只读题就能选出答案的情况； 提炼强化解题方法—限时完成、少讲多练、画龙点睛—点评总结。

需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。 一、细节理解题： 1、直接事实题： 2、间接事实题： 先阅读题干，确定读材料的时候要查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读的手法找出出处。 需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。

1 Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent their childrenhood in little wooden rooms. They got little education. Washington and Lincoln, for example, never went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker, shop-keeper and post officer in his early years. A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Grant was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same school──West Point Military Academy(西点军校)……

Q: President Eisenhower became well- known . A. while studying in West Point Military Academy B.  during the American Civil War C. after he was elected President of the U.S. D. during World War II. Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.

2 Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian， host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”， Miss Luo Lin， Miss Asia of 1991， appeared as the guest hostess on the Shan ghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition， she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.

However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage， dancing， singing，making-up and other proper manners， designed by the Asia TV Station. “It’s really a hard job for me. I won’t enter for such competition any more. Anyhow， I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time， in Shanghai， I'd love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，" said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.

Q： Which of the following is NOT true.  A Q： Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. Miss Asia of 1991, Born in Shanghai , designed by the Asia TV Station

二、主旨判断题： 范围一般包括： 短文标题、主题（Title）； 大意或段落大意（Main idea） 技巧：剔除细节或论据，找到各段的主题句 （topic sentence） 题干形式： 1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 5)The best title for this newspaper article is ___.

3 Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. They things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.

Q:What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Child’s Actions. Topic Sentence: Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.

4 Boston---- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美国联邦调查局) and the museum officials said. The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan ……William Bobinson, of Hardvard Univercity’s Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”

Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper article ? A. A Theft Took Place in Boston B. Artworks stolen by Thieves C. Major Works D. Investigation into the theft Topic Sentence: Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings

5 You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy.

Q: What does the passage mainly tells? A. How people stay healthy B.How sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreams Topic Sentence: Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health

6 Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity’ (自动).

Q: The first paragraph tells us _______. A. what automaticity is B. how accuracy is acquired (获得) C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained. Topic Sentence:Educators call it “ automaticity’

7 In America we have Halloween. In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “ All Saints”. This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died. They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat. But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around. They also have many candy skulls to eat.

Q: What does the story mainly tells ? A. What holidays are like B. What Halloween is like in Mexico C. What happens during Todos Santos D. What we do on Halloween

三、推理判断题： 技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。 注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点 解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。 题干形式： (1) It can be inferred from the text that ______. (2) From the text we know that ______. (3) The story implies that ______. (4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ______. (5) The writers attitude toward…is ______.

8 One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”

Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment， it was ______. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects 

9 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr Neff knows almost everything. He doesn’t ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I don’t know.”

Q： Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude（态度） towards Mr Neff?  A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff D. He does not like Mr. Neff