Unit 1 Grammar Revise the Infinitive

Do you believe I can fly like a bird?

How can you believe I can fly like a bird? _______ is to believe. It’s impossible for humans ________________ now. To see to fly like a bird

Have A L k Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to make Marty says… Have A L k Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. 2. Then I started to get weaker and weaker.

3. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name Marty says… 3. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds. 4. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. 5. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.

6. Last year I invented…and a big company has decided Marty says… 6. Last year I invented…and a big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.

不定式 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、补足语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。

动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 1 主语 (subject) 2 表语 (predicative) 3 宾语 (object) 4 主|宾补 (subject|object complement) 5 定语 (attribute) 6 状语 (adverbial) 7 独立结构 (absolute construction)

1 不定式作主语 (subject) To keep smiling is healthy for you. It’s important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English. 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。

注 意 It is +adj+for sb +to do sth(如果说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话，要在不定式的前加for引起的短语，构成“for+名词/代词宾格）+不定式。） Eg,It is easy for him to work out this math problem. It is +adj +of sb+to do sth(表示人的品行形容词；clever,kind,nice,wise,foolish,polite,stupid,silly)作表语时，不定式前常用of引起的短语。 Eg,It was foolish of him to make such a mistake. =He was foolish to make such a mistake.

My job to protect the world. Your task _____________. to work hard 2 不定式作表语 (predicative) My job to protect the world. Your task _____________. is to work hard is

× × √ √ 不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。 Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. × √ √ All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly. 如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。

practise more 3 不定式作宾语 (object) Yao Ming likes to play basketball. I find it still necessary (for him) to _________ if he wants to win. practise more 句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do

常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有： agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish,etc。

My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day. 4 不定式作宾补 (object complement) My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.

warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 引导不定式作宾补的动词： warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 +sb to do sth The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.

五看 三使 一感觉: watch see let look at make observe have notice + sb do sth （不带to） listen to 二听 hear 一感觉: feel

但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原： 1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.

不定式做宾补时不带to的情况 1 不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后； 2 使役动词 ( let, have, make)后边作 宾补时, 省去to, 但是在被动语态中 要还原to；

另外不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。 1. She could do nothing but cry. 2. I have no choice but to go. 3. What do you like to do besides sleep.

5 不定式作定语 (attribute) 1. Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear. 2. Tom has a nice pen to write with.

不定式作定语 1. 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 (a) She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. (b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.

不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有 三种关系： (1) 动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 He is always the first to come. 他总是第一个来。 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。 (2)主谓关系 (3)同位关系

2. 当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时 eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave. 3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。

（不定式to send的动作执行者是you） 已被省略的me 或someone else） 注意比较： 1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？ 2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式to send的动作执行者是you） （不定式to be sent的动作执行者是 已被省略的me 或someone else）

3. 也可用在have … to do和there be 句型中。 There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear. 4. 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需 适当的介词。 Please pass me some paper to write ____. on

I got up early to _____________. You came here to________. 6 不定式作状语 (adverbial) catch the train I got up early to _____________. You came here to________. 在一些短语中也有体现 in order to, so as to, enough to, only to, too ... to

不定式作状语 1. 表示目的: to in order to so as to eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.

2. 表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。 eg: I’m glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.

3. 结果状语: so + adj. / adv. + as to do… such + adj. + n. +as to do… adj. / adv.+ enough + to do too + adv. / adj. +to do He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.

7 独立结构 (absolute construction) To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment. to be frank to be honest to tell the truth To make the matters worse

Identify its function. 1. It is good to help others. (subject) 想一想 Identify its function. 1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. (subject) (subject) (predicative)

4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (attribute) (attribute) (object) (object)

8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. (adverbial) (adverbial) (object complement)

课堂练兵 1. Last summer I took a course on ____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made

2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _____ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. There are five pairs____, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing

4. I find these problems are easy _____. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out 5. ______ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept

6. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone 7. John was made _____ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing

8. Tom kept quiet about the accident ＿＿ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 9. The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating

形 式 主 动 被 动 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 动词不定式的时态和语态 to do to be done to be doing 形 式 主 动 被 动 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 to do to be done to be doing to have been done to have done to have been doing

(1) They pretended not to see us. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。) (2) He pretended to be sleeping. (在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。) (3) She pretended to have known it before. (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。) (4) We’re happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前, 不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也 继续。)

不定式的时态 不定式的一般式 to do I am glad to see you. He has decided to give her some money. 表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作 或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是 在它之后发生。

不定式的进行式to be doing I am very glad to be working with you. He pretended to be working hard when his boss passed him. 表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动 作同时发生。

不定式的完成式 to have done He happened to have seen the film before. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese. 不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作 或状态之前。

He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didn’t get there in time. 表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划 hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected, planned… He would like to have played the violin at the concert. 不定式的完成式在would like后边表示 未能实现的愿望。

不定式的语态 主动语态 to do 被动语态 to be done It is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting. Everyone likes the hero to be praised.

主动形式表被动意义的不定式 1. 主语＋be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome (使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc. The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.

2. 主语+be +adj. + enough +to do The box is light enough to carry. The river water is warm enough to swim in. 3. 主语+be +too +adj. +to do The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.

stop to do (停下来去干另一件事情) 注 意 下列动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但含义不同： forget to do (忘记了要干什么) forget doing (忘了干过的事情) regret to do (指当时或现在遗憾地做什么) regret doing (后悔做了什么事情) try to do ( 试图干) try doing (尝试干) stop doing (停止干) stop to do (停下来去干另一件事情)

mean to do (打算做某事) mean doing (意味着) go on to do (继续去干另一件事情) go on doing (继续干同一件事情) [误] He regretted to hurt his best friend. [正] He regretted hurting his best friend. [析]表示"后悔干过……"，regret后跟动名词。

实战高考 1. ____ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006 广东卷) A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making

2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _____ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007 重庆卷) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought

3. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____. (2008 全国卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed

4. David threatened _______ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (2009 上海卷) A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported

5. With the world changing fast, we have something new _______ with all by ourselves every day. (2009 重庆卷) A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing

6. The children all turned _______ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009 全国卷I) A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at

7. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad. (2010 全国I卷) A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought

8. There were many talented actors out there just waiting ____________. (2010 江西卷) A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D .being discovered

9. We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition. (2010 辽宁卷) A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found

10. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term. (2010 山东卷) A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed

11. In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant ___________. (2010 四川卷) A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with

翻译下面的句子。 1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。 _____________________ are both great happiness. 2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。 He is said _________________________ ________. 3 根据报道他们已安全到达。 They are reported ___________________. To love and to be loved to have finished/completed his work to have arrived safely

4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。 I want this bike _____________________ ______________. 5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。 Mary seemed ______________________. 6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚 金牌。 He is known _________________ a gold medal at the Olympics. to be repaired at once /immediately to have been told about it to have been given

I want to tell you something ... Make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as possible. The beginning of the passage is given below. I want to tell you something ...

For example Hi, I want to tell you something. I will go to Ruian for shopping this afternoon. Do you want to go with me? First, I’d like to go to Kaitai Store. But to be frank, most of time I am there only to do some window shopping, because everything is expensive. Then, I plan to go to HongQiao

Road to buy some clothes. I like to try the new fashion style of this season. By the way, do you know anything to entertain us? If so, I can’t wait to have a try! Why not come and join me?

Futhure exercise

B D C My teacher was made _____ his teaching because of poor health. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up 2.The sentence wants ____ once more. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining 3.The Arctic is considered ____ the northern part of the Atlantic. having been B. to have been C. to be D. being D C

B D C 4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _____ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave 5.I found the German language hard ____. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn 6.—The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot ______. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off B D C

B A 7.---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? ---The key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made 8. ---What do you think of the school? ----It is a very good _____. school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study B A

B D B 9. ---Did you get a job? --- No, I ___ , but it’s no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 10.We find it impossible for the work ___ ahead of time. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished 11.---I usually go to Shanghai by train. ----Why not ___ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go B D B

A A C 12.___ a living, she had to work from morning till night. To make B. Made C. Making D. To have made 13. I would rather starve to death than ___ for food. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg 14.The boy pretended ____ when his mother entered. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read A C

Thank you.