虚拟语气 靖边中学 吴志明 2016-5-16

一、什么是虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气表示所叙述的不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、建议、猜测或使语气婉转。 二、虚拟语气的应用

1、虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用 1）与现在事实相反 从句谓语： 主句谓语： If I were you, I would go there. 过去时 would, should, could, might +动词原形 注意：在虚拟语气中，只能用were，不能用was.

A 1) If he ______ to do so, he could find the time. wants B. wanted C. would want D. has wanted 3) If I ____ a bird, I ____ very happy. were, would be B. am, shall be C. am, would be D. were, shall be B A

If I were to be twenty next year, I could take the course. 1）过去时 2）与将来事实相反 从句谓语： 主句谓语： If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see a film. If he should have time next Sunday, he would go to visit the Great Wall. If I were to be twenty next year, I could take the course. 1）过去时 2）should + 动词原形 3) were to + 动词原形 would, should, could, might +动词原形

C A If he ____ in a day or two, I would wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. had returned 2) I don’t think he will attend the party. But if he ____ the party, what would he wear? A. should attend B. would attend C. attend D. had attended C A

If he had come earlier, he would have seen her. had + 动词的过去分词 3) 与过去事实相反 从句谓语： 主句谓语： If he had come earlier, he would have seen her. had + 动词的过去分词 would, should, could, might + have + 动词的过去分词

D A If you ____ the doctor’s advice, you would have recovered already. A. followed B. would follow C. follow D. had followed 2) I didn’t know Smith was coming until now. If you had let me know yesterday, I ____ to the airport to meet him. A. would have gone B. would go C. will have gone D. will go D A

B D 3) What ____ last night if you ____ to do your washing? A. would you do, hadn’t had B. would you have done, hadn’t had C. would you do, didn’t have D. would you have done, didn’t have 4) If I had hurried, the train ____ . A. would catch B. would have caught C. had caught D. would have been caught B D

C Had I had time, I would have gone to see the film. =If I had had time, I would have gone to see the film. 4）在虚拟语气的条件从句中，可以省略if ，但要把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序。 C ____ today, he would get there on Friday. Was he leaving B. If he leaves C. Were he to leave D. If he is leaving

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.

主、从句的谓语动词的形式都和if从句相一致。 5）有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导，而用but for, without, if only, otherwise等词。 But for your help, I couldn’t have made such great progress in English. Without air, we couldn’t live. 3) If only the weather were fine. 4) I had been there by taxi, otherwise I would have missed the train. 以but for, without开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if的主句的一致。 以If only开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if从句的一致。 主、从句的谓语动词的形式都和if从句相一致。

B ____ their assistance, he would have to lead a very miserable life, he might even starve to death. A. With B. But for C. Without for D. If not 2) He did his best in everything, ____ he would not have been what he was. A. and B. but C. otherwise D. but that C

6) 有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混合虚拟语气结构。 If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be well. If I were you I would not have gone to see the film yesterday. 在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。

A B If I had studied English last year, I ____ able to speak it now. A. could be B. could have been C. should be D. would have been 2) If you ____ with George yesterday morning, you would not be so angry now. A. talked B. had talked C. could talk D. were to talk A B

A D She talked about America as if he had been born there. He sings as though he were a singer. 2、由as if或as though引导的状语从句，其谓语动词用过去式或had + 动词的过去分词。 1) He appears as though he ____ an Italian. A. were B. was C. has been D. be 2) It seems as if he ____ there yesterday. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been A D

3、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1）wish + 宾语从句 I wish I were a doctor. I wish I should go abroad next year. 3) I wish I had seen the football match. 与现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时。 与将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用should, would, could, might + 动词原形。 与过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。

C A D – Did you see Rose before she went to England? -- No. I wish I ____ her. A. see B. saw C. had seen D. should see 2) – Joe has three sisters, doesn’t he? -- No wonder he wishes he ____ a brother. A. had B. will have C. have D. can have 3) – Maybe Paula will bring us good news about our tests. -- I wish she _____. A. does B. brings it C. will D. would C A D

2) suggest等 + 宾语从句。这类动词有：order, insist, demand, desire, command, propose, request等。 The teacher suggested that our sports meeting (should) be put off till next week. The headmaster ordered that all of the students (should) be here on time. He insisted that we (should) attend the meeting. 在宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可省略。

注意：insist, suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气的情况。 she insisted that she was right. 2) The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy. 当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。 当suggest的意思是暗示、表明时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。

B A B We demanded that he ____ the bill by the end of the month. A. would pay B. pay C. paid D. had paid 2) -- Did your father go to New York? -- No, his doctor suggested that he ____. A. not go B. isn’t going C. didn’t go D.won’t go 3) His saying suggested he ___ with her words. A. not agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agree D. doesn’t agree B A B

C B 4) – I’ve heard that John wrote a long letter to the president. -- His uncle insisted that he ____ it. A. did B. had done C. do D. would do 5) I insisted that I ____ my homework last night. A. did B. had done C. do D. would do C B

My suggestion is that you (should) visit the farm. His idea is that the students (should) make a plan. 3）句中有suggestion, plan, idea, order, requirement, motion, recommendation, proposal等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。

4）记住下面几个句型： natural/important/necessary surprising/strange/funny It is + that requested/suggested a pity/a matter of regret 从句的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形

2. It’s time that we had a class. 在It’s about/high time that句型中，从句的谓语动词用过去时. 3.I would rather you finished the work today. I would rather you finished the work tomorrow. I’d rather you had finished the work yesterday. 在would rather句型中，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；与现在、将来事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。

A B It is a pity that he ____ such a golden opportunity. A. miss B. missed C. had missed D. should miss 2) It’s about time that you ____ your store. A. close B. closed C. have closed D. had closed A B

C B 3) It is necessary that an efficient worker ____ his work on time. A. accomplishes B. could accomplish C. accomplish D. has accomplished 4) I’d rather she ____ tomorrow than today. A. come B. came C. should come D. has come C B

历年高考题 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____. （97年全国高考题） A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 2) You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired. （96年全国高考题） A. drove, didn’t get B. drove, wouldn’t get C. were driving, wouldn’t get D. had driven, wouldn’t have got C D

C If I had had enough time, I ___ my work. A.would finish Exercise If I had had enough time, I ___ my work.　　　　 　 A.would finish B.must have finished　 C.would have finished　 D.had finished C

C 2.Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane. A.will catch B.would catch C.would have caught　 D.will have caught C

A D 3.Mr Green requires that the students ___ a composition every other week. 　 A.write　　 B.writen　　 C.would write　　 D.will write 4.Had he studied hard, he___ the exam.　　　　　　　　　 　 A.would pass　 B.could pass　 C.had passed　 D.would have passed A D

C A 5. I wish I ___ what is happening there in his room. 　 A.know　 B.known　 C.knew　 D.should know 6. It is important that you ___ sports every day.　 　 A.have　 B.would have　 C.must have　 D.will have A

B 7. If there were no water in the world, everything ___. A.will die B.would die　 C.would have died　 D.would have been dead B

A 8. ___ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone. A.Had I known　 B.If I know　 D.If had I known C.If I knew　

D B 9. He ordered that the work ___ right away. A.should finish B.finished　 C.would be finished　 D.be finished 10. ___ in your position, I would help him.　　　　 　 A.Was I　 B.Were I　 C.If I am　 D.If I had been B

A 11. —Shall we go to the movie tonight? 　 —No, I'd rather ___ at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A.you stayed　 B.you stay　 C.stayed　 D.stay A

D D 12. Mrs Black insists___ in that old hotel. 　A.not to stay　 B.not staying　 C.staying not　 D.that she not stay 13. If you had spoken clearly, you would___.　　　　　 　 A.understand it　 B.have understood　 C.be understood　 D.have been understood D

B 14. If you ___ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy. A.haven‘t watched　 B.hadn’t watched　 C.didn‘t watch　 D.wouldn't have watched 15. The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he ___ a Chinese. 　A.is　B.be　 C.should be　D.were D

C 16.—If he ___, he___ that food. —Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. 　A.was warned; would not take 　B.would be warned; had not taken 　C.had been warned; would not have taken 　D.would have been warned; had not taken

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