Noun clauses introduced by question words Grammar and usage Noun clauses introduced by question words Empty subject it

Subject Object Predicative Noun Clauses Appositive Clauses 因为这是语法名词性从句的second period，所以一开始先对上一单元语法的first period进行简单复习与回顾：名词性从句的种类及语法成分，然后对名词性从句的连词进行归类，过渡到本课内容：由疑问词引导的名词性从句。

Find the clauses and tell the function of them: 1. You know that I am a teacher of English. 2. That I am a teacher of English is known to you all . 3. It is known to you all that I am a teacher of English. 4. The fact that I am a teacher of English is known to you all. 5. I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam. 6. What I am worried about is whether you can do well in the exam. that I am a teacher of English OC That I am a teacher of English SC that I am a teacher of English SC that I am a teacher of English AC whether you can do well in the exam. OC What I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam. SC PC

that, whether, if, as if (as though) Conjunctions of Noun Clauses: 连接词 连接代词 连接副词 that, whether, if, as if (as though) what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 主语、宾语 when, where, how, why 状语

Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words What was he doing ? His father was surprised. What he was doing surprised his father. 通过把2个简单的句子合并成一个名词性从句，练习疑问词引导的名词性从句。并提出注意点：1）疑问词后的名词性从句语序要用陈述句的语序2）任何连接名词性从句的wh-连词都不能省。再通过判断和填空的练习巩固这部分内容。 subject clause 主语从句

What’s your first impression of him? I want to know. I want to know what your first impression of him is. object clause 宾语从句

How can I make a grammar lesson interesting? That is my question. My question is how I can make a grammar lesson interesting. predicative clause 表语从句

How did Peter respond to that question? I have no idea. I have no idea how Peter responded to that question. appositive clause 同位语从句

Attention We change the word order in a clause after a question word into that of a statement. 2. We cannot leave out the question words in noun clauses in any cases.

Check whether the sentences are true or false: 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ) F T 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？ Could you tell me what was the matter with me. ( ) Could you tell me what the matter was with me. ( ) T F

Fill in the blanks using “that/ whether / where/ how/when” 1. I have no idea _________ he comes from. 2. ________ he got the money is still uncertain. 3. He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4. I have no doubt ________ he will win. 5. I have some doubt ________ he will win. 6. The thing that troubles me is ______ to head for Europe. where How that that whether when

Review the function of “it” 1. It’s a book. (指代) 2. It’s over ten o’clock. (时间) 3. It’s raining outside. (天气) 4. It’s a long way to the museum. (距离) 设计说明：先简单复习“it” 的功能。在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，我们经常把主要信息放在句子后面部分，而用it作形式主语。然后讲解it的用途 ：当真正主语为从句或不定式时，最好用it作形式主语，当真正主语为v-ing时，还是把v-ing主语放句首。之后配上一定练习和造句进行巩固。

Empty subject “it”: 1. We can use it as an empty subject. when we use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence. a. (preferable) It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today. = (correct) That we would not be able to understand Old English today is certain.

b. (preferable) It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in the future. = (correct) Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer. c. (preferable) It depends on the style of writing when we use certain words. = (correct) When we use certain words depends on the style of writing.

It 作形式主语的句型: 1. It + be + adj. ( true, certain, possible, obvious, likely…) that… 2. It + be +noun phrase (no wonder, an honour, a pity,…) that… 3. It+ be + past participle (said, reported, expected, announced…) that… 4. It + seems/appears that…. 5. It doesn’t matter that…

B. when the subject is a to-infinitive. a. (preferable) It is hard to master a foreign language. = (correct) To master a foreign language is hard. b. (preferable) It is important to know how to use a computer. = (correct) To know how to use a computer is important.

C. when the subject is a v-ing form. a. ( preferable) Smoking is difficult to stop. = (correct) It is difficult to stop smoking. b. (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time. = (correct) It takes a lot of my time travelling to Beijing.

Tip We usually use the empty subject it with a clause or to-infinitive (preferable), but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning.

2. It can also be used before seem, appear, happen, chance, turn out and prove as the empty subject of a sentence. It seems that he speaks two languages. = He seems to speak two languages. b. It happens that my new neighbour comes from my home town. = My new neighbor happens to come from my home town.

3. We can emphasize the subject, object, or adverbial in a sentence by using it +be+ the word/phrase you emphasize+ a clause introduced by that or who. a. It was last night(not any other time) that I read about the history of English. If we do not emphasize anything, the sentence can be: I read about the history of English last night.

强调句 1. It is Prof. Li who teaches us English. 强调主语 2. It is English that Prof.Li teaches us. 强调宾语 3. It was in Shanghai that I saw the film. 强调状语

IV. 作形式宾语 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式/动名词/宾语从句时: 1. I think it no use arguing with you. 2. I found it interesting to play football. 3. We thought it strange that he did not come.

V. Translation 1. 乘宇宙飞船去月球是可能的。 It is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship. 2. 我发现学好英语是很重要的。 I find it very important to learn English well.

3. 他似乎已经知道问题的答案。 It seems that he has known the answer to the problem. 4. 他的父母是死在二战中。 It was in the Second World War that his parents died. 5. 我们在哪儿听报告还没定。 It hasn’t been decided where we’ll listen to the report.

Other important cases of noun clauses: 1. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。 2. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略. 通过讲解和高考题的训练，补充完善名词性从句考点，做到讲练结合。如同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别，引导词 that 与 what；that if 与 whether的区别；名词性从句的时态和语序问题等。

Attributive or Appositive 1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. AT AP 1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value. AP AT

II.疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别： ①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。  Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.  You can choose whatever you like in the shop.  ②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：  Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,  Whatever you do, you must do it well.  ③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。  No matter what you do, you must do it well.  No matter who breaks the rule, he must be  punished. 

高考链接 1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____. D A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 2. The photographs will show you ____． A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like D B

3. What the doctors really doubt is _____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. if C. whether D. why 4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that 5. ______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who C A C

6. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which 7. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future. A. that B. how C. such D. so A B

8. Scientists think that the continents _____ always where they _____ today. A. aren’t; are  B. aren’t; were    C. weren’t; are   D. weren’t; were A D

Finish the following dialogue Jerry: I’m a journalist from China, congratulations on winning the election of President. Obama: Thank you! J: I often wonder you have so many fans and supporters. O: I am really grateful. It is their support and faith in me make me successful. J: The fact your are the first black President brings hope to many people all over the world. O: I can imagine. I will try my best regardless of the result I will make it or not. why that that 这是语法教学上升到语篇层面的运用, 也是把枯燥的语法知识运用到实际生活中，通过完成对话再次复习本节课所授知识。 whether

J: We all know you have a quite happy family and your two daughters are so lovely. O: Oh, you bet (当然). I enjoy the moment I’m with my family. is relaxing and pleasant to play with my daughters. J: And your wife also plays an important part in your whole life, right? O: That’s I feel and she’ also a good mother. J: My last question is you will take the post? (上任) O: In January, 2009. J: Thank you for sparing me so much time. O: You are welcome. when It what when

Homework Finish the exercises on page 100. And preview the instructions in the Task. 通过书后练习巩固本课学习内容，通过预习为下一课时做准备。