定语从句 广东省东莞市东华高级中学 张乃荣

A huge crack ____ was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. that 一条8公里长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍，马路和渠道。 The number of people ____ were killed or injured reached more than 400,000 who 死伤的人数达到四十多万。

救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。 The army organized teams to dig out those _____ were trapped。 who 救援队员组成小分队将受困的人们挖出来。 Workers built shelters for survivors _____ homes had been destroyed. whose 救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。

100公里以外的北京市都听到了地震声。 情况当一回事，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了. 但是,唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些 But the one million people of the city, _____ thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. who 但是,唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些 情况当一回事，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了. It was heard in Beijing, _____ is one hundred kilometres away. which 100公里以外的北京市都听到了地震声。

The Attributive Clause 定语从句

1. 什么是定语？ I、形容词 The tall girl is my sister. II、数词 Our classroom is on the fifth floor. III、名词 Please wait for me at the school gate. IV.动词不定式 I have a lot of work to do.

V、分词(短语) The man speaking English is from America. There were no trees left in and around the village. VI、介词短语 Who is the woman in a red coat? VII、副词 The man over there is Mr Zhang. VIII、定语从句 This is the factory (that) we visited last year.

2. 什么是定语从句(the Attributive Clause)？ 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词有 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词 when, where, why 等 The man who is standing by the gate is our biology teacher. 站在大门旁边的那个人是我们的生物老师。 This is the school that they built last year. 这就是他们去年建的学校。 He always comes on those days when I am busy. 他老是在我忙的日子里来。

指人 在从句中作主语 可用that代替 3. 关系代词who The director who / that directed Red Cliff is Wu Yusen. The director directed Red Cliff. The director is Wu Yusen. 注意：从句中动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致 The man who/that is standing under the tree is Mr. Wilson. The men who/that are standing near the river are my office mates. The director

The man whom you want to see has come. 指人 在从句中作宾语 The man whom you want to see has come. You want to see the man. The man has come. 你想见的那个人已经来了。 whom可被that代替，在口语中也可用who或省略 The man (whom/who/that) you want to see has come.

主语 宾语 指物 在从句中作主/宾语 可用that代替 5. 关系代词which 指物 在从句中作主/宾语 可用that代替 A dictionary is a book which/that gives the meaning to words. which可被that代替，在从句中作宾语时可省略 Here is the book (which/that) you want. 主语 宾语

Exercise 1 用适当的关系代词填空： This is the house __________ was built last year The boy _______________ we saw yesterday was Jonn’s brother. The car __________ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. 4. That is the man _______________ we were looking for. which/that (whom/that/who) (which/that) (whom/that/who)

【注意 1 】 定语从句中的动词与先行词保持人称与数的一致。 He is one of the boys who ______ (like) English. 他是那些喜欢英语的男孩中的一个。 2. He is the one of the boys who ______ (like) English. 他是那些男孩中喜欢英语的那一个。 3. He is the only one of the boys who ______ (like) English. 他是那些男孩中唯一喜欢英语的那一个。 like likes likes

Exercise 2 1.We should learn from those who ____ (be) always ready to help others. Mr. White is one of the foreign doctors who ___________ (work) in China at present. Tom is the only one of the students who ________ (be) to Shanghai. I, who ____(be) your good friend, will try my best to help you out. are are working has been am

【注意2】关系代词指物时用that不用which的情况 (1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。 I am sure she hasn’t anything (that) you can borrow. (2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. (3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book (that) he has read. This is the most interesting book (that) I’ve ever read.

(4) 先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. (5)先行词即是人又是物时。 We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in. (6)先行词在主句中作表语时。 Dongguan is not the place that it used to be. (7)主句以there be开头时。 There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time. (8)以who, which引起的疑问句中，为避免重复用 that Who is the person that helped you out? Which is the textbook that will be used .

Exercise 3 用适当的关系代词填空。 All the apples ________ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs. Is oxygen(氧气) the only gas ________ helps fire burn? This is the biggest laboratory ________ we have ever built in our university. He told me everything ________ he had seen in the traffic accident . He kept talking to people about the schools and the students ________ he visited in China. that that (that) (that) (that)

【注意 3 】 关系代词指物时不用that的情况 (1) 关系代词前使用介词 We went to Beijing by train. This is the train. This is the train by which we went to Beijing. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时 He gave up the plan, which made his boss cross. 什么是非限制性定语从句？

非限制性定语从句不可以用 that 引起 She sent me a sweater, which was knitted herself. Peter drove too fast, which was very dangerous. Mr. Johnson, who is our boss, will hold the meeting this afternoon. Mrs Green, whose children are in college, is now looking for a job. We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. I’m going to Hyde Park, where I’ll give a lecture.

改错： Exercise 4 This is all what I want to tell you. These are the people whom they say are fools. There are many people want to go there. Who is the man who shook hands with you just now? This is the very book which I’m looking for. Exercise 4

改错： This is all that I want to tell you. These are the people whom they say are fools. There are many people want to go there. Who is the man who shook hands with you just now? This is the very book which I’m looking for.

改错： This is all that I want to tell you. These are the people who they say are fools. There are many people want to go there. Who is the man who shook hands with you just now? This is the very book which I’m looking for.

改错： This is all that I want to tell you. These are the people who they say are fools. There are many people who want to go there. Who is the man who shook hands with you just now? This is the very book which I’m looking for.

改错： This is all that I want to tell you. These are the people who they say are fools. There are many people who want to go there. Who is the man that shook hands with you just now? This is the very book which I’m looking for.

改错： This is all that I want to tell you. These are the people who they say are fools. There are many people who want to go there. Who is the man that shook hands with you just now? This is the very book that I’m looking for.

The dog whose owner is Li Lei is in the garden. The dog is in the garden. Its owner is Li Lei. → The dog whose owner is Li Lei is in the garden. the dog’s

6. 关系代词 whose 指人/物，在从句中做定语，代替先行词的所有格 Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital. → Mr King was quickly taken to hospital. Mr King’s legs were badly hurt. 2. The boss of the company, whose name was Mr Little, held the meeting. → The boss of the company held the meeting. The boss’s name was Mr little.

Exercise 5 Join the sentences together. 1. The woman has bought another necklace. Her necklace was lost. The woman whose necklace was lost has bought another one. 2. The book belongs to Peter. Its cover is red. The book whose cover is red belongs to Peter .

【注意 4 】 whose在指人时可用of whom代替，指物时可用of which代替。 1) The woman whose necklace was lost has bought another one. The woman the necklace of whom was lost has bought another one. 2) The book whose cover is red belongs to Peter . The book the cover of which is red belongs to Peter .

Exercise 7 请选用whose， which，of whom或of which填空： 1. Mr Li picked up an English textbook，_________ the cover had been torn． 2. Is there anyone in your class ______ family is in Hubei province？ 3. The books here _______ have pictures in them were written by Mr Zhou． 4. Li Hong is the student the pronunciation ________ is the best in our class． 5. There are eight English teachers in their office, all _________ are men teachers of which whose which of whom of whom

【注意5】若被修饰的词是： ①表示数量的词， ②代词some, many, little , both, all 等时， 不用whose, 只用of whom/which. There are 45 students in our class, 35 of whom are League members. Mr White wrote many articles, some of which were translated into Chinese. 3. He has some novels, all of which are written in Russian. of whom 35

Exercise 8 请选用whose， which，of whom或of which填空： 1. Football, ________ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 2. In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, _________ 12 were won by women. 3. He said, “I want to talk to the students the homework _________ haven't been handed in. ” 4. There were some trees the leaves ________ were yellow with disease on the hills last year. 5. Mr Little has two managers work for him, both _________ are women. which of which of whom of which of whom

Exercise 9 The woman is our manager. She is looking at us angrily. → The woman who/that is looking at us angrily is our manager.

The man is our boss. He is having lunch. → The man who/that is having lunch is our boss.

The boys let me cry. They are playing football over there. → The boys who/that are playing football over there let me cry.

These are the shoes. I bought them this morning. → These are the shoes (which/that) I bought this morning.

This is the girl. I wrote to her. → This is the girl (whom) I wrote to.

The boy saved that cat yesterday His sweater is yellow. → The boy whose sweater is yellow saved that cat yesterday.

This is the house. I lived in it last year. → This is the house (which/that) I lived in last year. in which I lived last year. where I lived last year

Exercise 10 1. 我们唯一能做的事只是等待。 1. 我们唯一能做的事只是等待。 The only thing (that) we can do is (to) wait. 2. 和你刚才握手的那个男人是谁？ Who is the man that shook hands with you just now? 3. 我认识一个父亲是教师名字叫Tom的男孩子。 I know a boy called/named Tom whose father is a teacher. 4. 炎热的天气持续了一周，这使每一个人疲惫和困倦。 The hot weather lasted for a week, which made everybody tired and sleepy.

5. 任何破坏法律的人都将受到惩罚并会被关进监狱。 Anyone who breaks the laws will be punished and may be put in prison. Those who break the laws will be…. 6. 我班有58人，其中有28人是男同学。 There are 58 students in our class, of whom 28 are boys. There are 58 students in our class, 28 of whom are boys. 7. 怀特先生写了许多文章，其中一些被翻译成了中文。 Mr White wrote many articles, some of which were translated into Chinese.

8. 那本封面是红色的书属于Peter。 The book the cover of which is red belongs to Peter. 9. 那位丢失了项链的女士又买了一条（项链）。 The woman whose necklace was lost has bought another one. 10. 我们讨论了我们感兴趣的人和事。 We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in. 11. Tom是这些同学中唯一一个去过上海的人。 Tom is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai.

The headmaster came to Tom’s house this morning. His father was away at that time. → The headmaster came to Tom’s house this morning when his father was away.