老人与海 Taught in a History Classroom Using the Internet Dale Griepenstroh 用互联网在历史课堂上教学 戴尔.顾瑞本斯卓

Pre-Reading Before starting the “Old Man and the Sea” it is important to assess students knowledge of Vocabulary Setting History Content Author How to Assess? Graphic Organizers can be found on the Internet and tailored for your use or designed to meet your needs Fill in parts of the Graphic Organizer together, but leave room for student exploration through reading and research

阅读前奏 如何评估？ 在阅读《老人与海》之前需要确定学生以下方面的知识： 在网上找图表组织图，可以适当修正为你所用 词汇量 可以填写图标组织图中的一部分，其余的留给学生探索钻研 在阅读《老人与海》之前需要确定学生以下方面的知识： 词汇量 背景 历史 内容 作者

Sea Turtle The Sea Turtle is an important symbol in the novel, I found it on the internet at http://www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/score/oldman/numberturtle.gif It can be used in many ways that I will demonstrate Vocabulary Identified as Necessary: Skiff, “Salao”, Gaff, Furled, Blotches

海龟在本书中是一个很重要的象征，因此我在下面的网站找了这个图http://www. sdcoe. k12. ca 海龟在本书中是一个很重要的象征，因此我在下面的网站找了这个图http://www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/score/oldman/numberturtle.gif 改图可以有如下若干种用法 需要用到的的单词： Skiff, 小舟 “Salao”, “倒了八辈子霉” Gaff, 鱼叉 Furled 卷着的 Blotches 有斑点的 海龟图

Vocabulary It is important to chose vocabulary wisely when teaching new concept. The most important new words are those that will be used over and over again and lead to the standards you want to achieve. Assess your list by discussing the words. Keep only words they need. Encourage students to use internet sources to enrich the Graphic Organizer with sentences and pictures http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ http://www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/

词汇 小船 在教授概念的时候要注重选词 重要的词和需要反复用到的词是我们教学的目标 通过讨论决定要选哪些词。鼓励学生使用网络用橘子和图片填满这个图形组织图 http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ http://www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/ 小船 一种贫穷的 渔夫用的船

History I can change the meaning of the graphic organizer to reflect historical significance Concepts: Cuban Baseball/Sports Ernest Hemingway Cuban Politics in the 1950’s I start the discussion and have students find 3 additional examples of the concept before or during reading

历史 我也可以用图形组织图来表示历史事件的重要性 概念： 巴西棒球/体育运动 欧内斯特.海明威 二十世纪五十年代古巴的政治 讨论的开始部分由我来做，学生需要在阅读前或阅读后找三个其他的例子

Hemingway Hemingway started writing after WWI 海明威的写作开始于一战之后 Hemingway’s style was one of using few words to get across themes 他的写作理论是冰山理论，用少量的词表达主题 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway And http://www.google.com.hk/

Before Reading-Why are we reading? Culminating Projects need to be developed by the teacher and described at the beginning of the novel or nit Projects must meet state standards Projects should leave room for student interest and choice Assessment should be varied Students should know how they are graded Students should be encouraged to use technology and library resources to further future independence and success

阅读前的问题---为什么要阅读？ 任务的主要是来源于需要老师讲解的部分，或是小说开始描述 任务需要达到国家标准 任务应该考虑学生的兴趣，让他们可以选择 考查方式应该多样 学生知道评分规则 应该鼓励学生使用电脑和图书馆资源加强自主性，促进日后的成功

Possible End Products Old Man and the Sea Test (literature conventions) Essay (personalized to deter cheating) Visual Expression of 1 Theme (Animals, Religion, Pride) Test-Multiple Choice, Fill in the blank, Short Answer Essay – Write a narrative as if you were a sea animal observing one event Create a symbol chart, Parallel a struggle you have with Santiago.

可能的做法 测试-----多项选择题 填空题 简答题 写作 – 写篇记叙文，假设你是一只海里的动物，讲述一个场景 《老人与海》的测试 （文学） 写作文 （个性化，避免抄袭） 图形阐释主题 （动物，宗教，骄傲） 测试-----多项选择题 填空题 简答题 写作 – 写篇记叙文，假设你是一只海里的动物，讲述一个场景 做一个象征图，表明圣地亚哥的斗争

Exceeds Mastery Mastery Needs Work Student has shown more than 5 examples of symbols with descriptions and quotes from the book Student displays 5 clear examples of symbols with descriptions from the book Student has either not completed the required number or depth of understanding of symbols Each example shows detailed relevance to the story and to Hemingway’s life and writing Each example shows relevance to the story Student has failed to connect symbols to the plot. Student sites several sources from internet and Library Student sites required 3 sources for information Student fails to site or use required sources Create a Rubric When you give students a project they should know how it is going to be graded. Here is an example of a simple rubric developed for a visual project on symbols

评分细则 给学生任务之前需要确定评价标准 以下是个评分细则 例子 这项任务是象征形象的图表任务 优秀 良好 需要修改 使用了5个以上的的象征形象，有解释描述， 从书中引用材料 展示了5个象征形象的例子，有书中的描述 没有完成规定数目的象征形象，或是没有理解象征形象的深刻含义 每个象征形象都与海明威的这部作品，生活，写作有紧密联系 每个象征形象都和与这部作品相关 没有将象征形象于故事情节联系起来 材料来源于网络和图书馆 材料来自指定的3个地方 没有使用指定的资源 评分细则 给学生任务之前需要确定评价标准 以下是个评分细则 例子 这项任务是象征形象的图表任务

Reading Aloud/Pair Share/Group Read Most teachers of literature are going to assess the reading level of students before selecting the text, but there is much assessment going on during class time as to understanding. Again Guided approach is important at first. Read Aloud – the teacher gives the student the voice of the author by demonstrating Pair Share – the students read a chapter or passage and then pair with one other to discuss a theme or topic chosen by the teacher Students take turns reading aloud while teacher listens and asks pointed questions for understanding

小组分享– 学生成对来讨论老师选择的主题或者话题读一章或是一篇 大声朗读/ 小组分享/ 小组阅读 很多老师在选材之前要确定学生的阅读能力，但是在课堂中也还有很多办法来考察他们的理解，有指导的阅读教学是必要的 大声朗读–通过示范来展示作者的语气 小组分享– 学生成对来讨论老师选择的主题或者话题读一章或是一篇 学生轮次大声读，老师听并且提出有助于理解的问题

Challenges of Sisterhood Huai An Number 1 School and Chula Vista High School PURE EXCITEMENT! Exceptional Honor!!! Challenges 1 Language Experts Mutual learning would be ideal, but having the person in charge as bi lingual would be optimal 2 Open Communication of Students Various methods are available. E-mail, censored E-mail, Chat Rooms, Message Boards, Skype, Room to room technology.

Challenges of Sisterhood Huai An Number 1 School and Chula Vista High School Challenges 3 Time Difference The difference is 16 hours in the winter and 15 now. 4 Calendar The difference in holidays and curriculum rigidity, as well as important testing differences need to be worked out ahead of schedule. 5 Resources Common access to text books or stories and similar questions.

Challenges of Sisterhood Huai An Number 1 School and Chula Vista High School Suggestions: One Team Leader Common Calendar of Assignments Assignment based on accessible curriculum Decided on a Medium of Exchange and Do Not Switch. Mutual Language Education