Unit 5 Key points summary

Point 1 (Activity 1, Tasks 1,2): Primary factors of connotative meaning (1) The connotative meaning, or the associative meaning, of an English word derives from the emotion that it may arouse in the people. It has to do with such primary factors as the age, gender, social status or educational background of the speaker, the social setting where the word is used, or the linguistic context where the word occurs.

Point 1 (Activity 1, Tasks 1,2): Primary factors of connotative meaning (2) Children’s speech eggie-google Drinkie Me want sweetie Men’s speech an overhead valve V8 a fantastic left-footed cross Phwoah…look at those… Adults’ speech an egg a drink I’d like a sweet. Women’s speech the engine thingie He kicked the ball. He has lovely eyes.

Point 1 (Activity 1, Tasks 1,2): Primary factors of connotative meaning (3) Middle class’s speech a glass of wine What a beautiful car! Would you like to go for a drink? Standard speech a pound my wife So I said… Working class’s speech A glass of plonk He’s got a lovely motor. You going down the pub? Sub-standard speech a quid my old lady So I’m like…

Point 1 (Activity 1, Tasks 1,2): Primary factors of connotative meaning (4) 1.I’d like to take another bite, but I’ve got a full belly. 2. How long have you got this awful ache in the stomach? 3. The fever is likely to be caused by an inflammation of the abdomen. 1.I asked John how much he’d spent on that stuff. 2. We experienced great difficulty questioning the suspect what happened on the night of murder. 3. The defendant lawyer shall have the right to interrogate the witness about the accident.

Point 1 (Activity 1, Tasks 1,2): Primary factors of connotative meaning (5) Wolf an angry wolf the big bad wolf a lone wolf Lion a great lion bold like a lion a literary lion

Point 2 (Activity 2, Tasks 1,2): Tenses of English verbs Vs Point 2 (Activity 2, Tasks 1,2): Tenses of English verbs Vs. tenses of Chinese verbs (1) The tenses of verbs in English are demonstrated through such grammatical devices as auxiliary verbs like “is ”, “will” or “have”or as changing the forms of words like “do”, “did”, “doing” or “done”, while Chinese indicates tenses mainly through lexical (例如：“着”、“了”、“过”、“已经”、 “现在”、“正在”、 “就要”、“将”、“会”、“今天”、“明天”、“昨天”) and syntactic means.

Point 2 (Activity 2, Tasks 1,2): Tenses of English verbs Vs Point 2 (Activity 2, Tasks 1,2): Tenses of English verbs Vs. tenses of Chinese verbs (2) He suddenly fell ill. 他突然病倒了。 John is having some trouble with his boss these days. 约翰这些天正和老板闹别扭。 She will come to see you. 她要来看你。 It rains a lot in Guangzhou in summer. 广州夏季多雨。 The boy is timid, nervures before crowds. 这个男孩胆子小，在大庭广众之前感到紧张。 Even though Linda says she is on a diet, I think she is still putting on weight. 琳达说她节食，可是我看她还是越来越胖。

Point 3 (Activity 3, Tasks 1,2,3): Key word repetition (1) Key word repetition (“重复译法”) is a special form of “adding words when necessary”. It is concerned with the repetition of the key word in an English sentence mainly for the purpose of clarification, stress or rhetoric.

Point 3 (Activity 3, Tasks 1,2,3): Key word repetition (2)—“多枝共干”结构 It is in this way that they reexamine the world, their region and themselves. 他们正是这样重新估价世界，重新估价他们的地区和他们自己的。 The purpose of radar is to obtain, process and display information. 雷达的用途在于获取信息、处理信息和显示信息。 Scientists are still not very clear about the chemical and physical characteristics of this substance. 科学家仍然很不清楚这种物质的化学特性和物理特性。 Everyone appreciates polite words and manners. 每个人都会赞赏礼貌的言辞和礼貌的举止。

Point 3 (Activity 3, Tasks 1,2,3): Key word repetition (3)—重复名词 The creditor draws the bill; he is the person in the above definition and is called the drawer. He addressed it to another, who is the debtor and is called the drawee. 债权人开出汇票。债权人即上述定义中之出票人。出票人将汇票开给另一人，即债务人。债务人即所谓受票人。

Point 3 (Activity 3, Tasks 1,2,3): Key word repetition (4)—重复关系代词或副词 Who ever breaks the law deserves punishment. 谁犯了法，谁就应当受到惩罚。 Wherever there is plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. 哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。 I’ll discuss it with you whenever you are free. 您 什么时候有空，我就什么时候和您商量这件事。

Point 3 (Activity 3, Tasks 1,2,3): Key word repetition (5)—重复动词 In any case work does not include time, but power does. 任何情况下，功不包括时间，但功率包括时间。 You may go with them if you want to. 你愿意去的话，也可以和他们一起去。 The robot has accomplished the assigned task and excellently indeed. 机器人完成了指定的任务，而且确实完成得很出色。

Point 3 (Activity 3, Tasks 1,2,3): Key word repetition (6)—修辞 The so-called famous singer was greeted by only a very slight and very scattering ripples of hand-clapping from the audience. 欢迎这位所谓“著名”歌手的只有几下轻轻的、稀稀拉拉的掌声。 It’s a bit fishy that the old man should have given away a villa like that. 那么好端端的一座别墅，那个老头竟然白白送了人，各种颇有蹊跷。 The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women, who were were selling and buying all kinds of things. 路上挤满了男男女女，他们熙熙攘攘，正在买卖各种各样的东西。

Point 4 (Activity 4, Tasks 1,2,3): Breaking a long sentences into several short sentences (1) Breaking a long sentence into several short sentences (“断句译法”) is one of the practical skills of dealing with long English sentences when they are being translated into Chinese.

Point 4 (Activity 4, Tasks 1,2,3): Breaking a long sentences into several short sentences (2)—在并列连词处切分 The shark swung over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself n two loops of the rope. 鲨鱼在海里翻滚过来。老头看见他的眼珠已经没有生气了，但是它又翻滚了一下，滚得自己给绳子缠了两道。 While the present century was in its teens, and on one shiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach. 当时我们这世纪刚开始了十几年。在六月的一天早上，天气晴朗，契息克林荫道上平克顿女子学校的大铁门前来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。

Point 4 (Activity 4, Tasks 1,2,3): Breaking a long sentences into several short sentences (3)--在关系代词处切分 Just then the fish gave a sudden lurch that pulled the old man down onto the bow. 正在这当，那条大鱼突然把船扯得晃荡了一下，老头给拖得倒向船头那边去。 It was in vain that the old lady asked her if she was aware she was speaking to Miss Pinkerton. 老太太问她明不明白对她说话的不是别人，是平克顿小姐。这话毫无效力。

Point 4 (Activity 4, Tasks 1,2,3): Breaking a long sentences into several short sentences (4)—其它情况 Suddenly the door bursts open and The Time Traveler appears, dirty, disheveled, and bedraggled, with a nasty cut on his chin. 突然，门猛然开了，时间旅行家出现。他十分肮脏，衣冠不整，满身是泥，下巴被严重划伤。 The day of the big snow, when you had to shovel the walk and could’t find your cap and asked me how to wind a towel so that it would stay on your head—you, in the white towel turban, like a crazy king of the snow. 那天下着大雪，你得去铲除道上的积雪。一时又找不到帽子，就问我怎样才能把毛巾裹在头上又不让它掉下来。那时的你，头上裹着毛巾，简直象一个雪中古怪的国王。

Why not do the supplementary exercises for further practice Why not do the supplementary exercises for further practice? The keys and comments are also provided for your reference.