Unit 6 Going West

Skim the text and choose the best answer to the following statement. Skimming Skim the text and choose the best answer to the following statement. In this passage, the writer mainly talked about ____. A. How they did preparations for the journey B. Why they went west. C. What difficulties they met with during the journey D. How the animals survived during the journey. C

SCANNING Scan the text and judge whether the following statements are true or false. ① It took much time for the writer to decide what they should bring for the journey. ② Indian Greek in Kansas was the meeting place for people moving to the east. ③ On November 4, 1846, the travelers entered the Salt Lake Desert and soon lost their way. T F T

④ The travelers burn their animals because they were ill. ⑤ The travelers were shocked to see the horses and oxen, suffering from heat, thirst, and starvation. ⑥ During the journey, the travelers were helpful to each other. F F F

⑦ When a young man in their group suggested that the writer stay behind with the children and wait for help, the writer disagreed. ⑧ When the travelers saw the valley with fat cattle and horses, they realized their days of hardship had come to end. T T

A CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER People moving to the west would meet in ____. A Kansas B California C Salt Lake Valley D Salt lake Desert A

B On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? A April 12 B November 4 C October 15 D December 25 B

After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another ___ miles to go. A 2500 B 500 C 90 D 45 B

Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? A Because that meant he /she would die. B Because he/ she knew that children were tiresome. C Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him D Because he/ she felt he/she could get a prize by his /her father. A

The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? A Because they were tired and weak B Because they had no burden C Because they must have smelt the water D Because they went back to their home. C

How long did the author spend finishing the journey? A More than 40 months B About 2 months C About a year D About a year and a month D

D From the text, we can infer _____. A the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long B there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California C many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end D it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California

B The best title of the text is ____. A A Journey to California B Long Drive C The Salt Lake Desert D Enjoy Your Life

.what can we learn from the ending of the story “Going West”? A. People shouldn’t set foot on a wild land because of hardship. B. Travelers should travel light C. Travelers should arrange for their journey before setting off for their destination. D. Perseverance can go hand in hand with survival or success in time of danger or difficulty.   D

Read the text again to answer the following questions: CAREFUL READING Read the text again to answer the following questions: PARA1:1What made the writer and his family go west ? The writer’s father read a book about California, and the account of the wonderful land beyond the Rocky Mountains gave him the idea to move there.

PARA3: 3 Do you think the wagons were the most suitable means of transport ? Why or why not ? There are two reasons showing that the wagons are not the most suitable means. Firstly, the wagons had to be lifted and pulled up, where there were no roads. Secondly, as the animals could no longer pull the wagons, people burnt them and packed the oxen with their supplies.

4 Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “long drive ” ? Because during the long walk through the Salt Lake Desert, there was no water, no grass for the animals to eat. The landscape was dry and barren. People couldn’t ride the wagons and walked beside them. It was a hard time for the travelers and animals.

5 Could you please list some difficulties the writer met with in the journey ? They met with such difficulties as : (water, grass, cattle, supply) a. Water that was shown on the map proved to be salty ponds and not drinkable.

b. The patches of grass were never found, and the long walk through the sand was hard on the oxen. c. The cattle became tired and weak. The animals dragged their legs, too weak to pull their burden, their tongues hung out in desperate need of water. d. The travelers’ supply was so low that they dared not share it with the beasts.

6 What can you learn from the text? What impresses you most? Sometimes people have to make a long and difficult journey, but the most important thing is to go on and not give up. What impressed me most is when the woman said she was so tired and thirsty that she went on all fours but still refused to give up, knowing that would mean her death.

language focus

打上1-10分 give a score on a scale of 1 to 10 维护，支持 stand for 适应 adapt (oneself) to 未能做某事 fail to do sth 灰心 lose heart

漂流到荒岛上 be cast away on an deserted island 自责… blame oneself for... 造成差别 make difference 历史上有很多…的情况 History counts many cases in which

在…的春天 in the spring of… 把某物装到车上 pack sth onto a wagon 留下 leave behind 启程去 set off for 更多资源xiti123.taobao.com

一年的旅程 a journey of a year 走过4个州 travel through four states 选…为… choose … as… 在白天 by day 形成一个圆圈 form a circle

最累人的一部分 the most trying part 穿过沙漠 pass through the desert 走湖边的路 take the road around the lake 进入沙漠 enter the desert 没有水或草给动物吃 without water or grass for animals to eat

一块草地 a patch of grass 对…很苦，对…苛刻 be hard on… 乘车 ride the wagon 疲惫地往前走 drag one's legs 急需… in desperate need of… 和某人分享某物 share sth with sb

靠腿走路 be on one's feet 剩下的500英里 500 miles to go 习惯做某事 be accustomed to doing sth 遭受…之苦 suffer from 路旁有成排的… be lined with…

急切地想做某事 in anxiety of doing sth 安全的地方 a place of safety 在多数的情况下 in most cases 死亡谷 Death Valley 跪下 get onto one's knees

爬行 move on all fours 呆在后面 stay behind 在某人心中 in one's mind 在圣诞节的早晨 in the morning of Christmas Day

闻到水味 smell the water 流动的小溪 a running stream 行尸 a walking skeleton 上帝恩许之地 the promised land 结束 come to an end

perseverance persistence辨析 都含“坚持”的意思。 perseverance指“尽管有困难、挫折, 但坚持不懈”, 如: By perseverance the lame boy learned to swim. 靠毅力这跛童学会了游泳。

persistence 用于褒义, 指“意志坚决, 不顾反对、阻力等的坚持”, By persistence many countries won freedom. 通过坚持不懈的努力, 许多国家赢得了自由。 persistence 用于贬义, 则指“顽固”, : persistence of a disease 顽疾。

quit vt., vi. quitted 或 quit, quitting 停止；辞职 我已辞职。 I've quit my job. Failure happens when you quit. quit vt., vi. quitted 或 quit, quitting 停止；辞职 ( to give up; to stop) +n./doing 我已辞职。 I've quit my job. He has not quit smoking, but is holding down to three cigarettes a day. 他并没有戒烟,但是已减到每天只抽三支烟了。

The landlord gave them all notice to quit. 房东通知他们搬走 搬离（住处） The landlord gave them all notice to quit. 房东通知他们搬走 be quit of sb./sth: 摆脱某人/某物 I was glad to be quit of the troublesome job.

Apply the following statements to yourself.(1)请求；申请vi I want to apply for the job. (2)apply… to… 涂,敷,抹; 适用;把…应于…Apply some medicine to his wound. What I have said does not apply to you. You can’t apply this rule to every case.

apply one’s mind to专心从事于 ; (3)apply oneself to 专心致力于--- apply one’s mind to专心从事于 ; to devote (oneself or one's efforts) to something: Students should apply themselves to their study. He applied his mind to the job.

the whole circumstance circumstance n. 情形；情况 全部情况 the whole circumstance

The circumstances forced me to accept. 。 (pl) 环境 环境迫使我不得不同意。 The circumstances forced me to accept. 。 Maybe under these circumstances we may say that man can conquer nature. 也许在这样的情况下我们可以说人定胜天。

习惯用语 in no circumstances 决不 Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money in/under the circumstance在……情况下，既然如此 Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.

add v. 增加；添加；相加；进一步说继续说 I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result. 我还要补充说一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。 add up加起来 Add up all these figures. Please add the figures up / together.

add up to 总计达；总起来意味着 These figures add up to fifty. All he said added up to his disagreement.

add to 增添，增加 The music added to our enjoyment. add sth to sth 往。。。里加。。。 add fuel to the fire 火上加油；使事情更糟

lose heart 泄气，灰心= discourage= dishearten=lose hope 他用各种方法尝试多次。虽然失败了，但他没有灰心。 He tried many times in different ways. Although he failed, he didn’t lose heart. 别泄气，你会成功。 Don’t lose heart and you will make it.

比较 He lost his heart to the famous actress. lose one’s heart to sb./sth 爱上/倾心于=give one’s heart to sb.=love sb./sth heart 作“决心，毅力”解，为抽象名词，没有复数形式, 一般前面不加修饰语。

discourage sb from doing sth. 使某人泄气； 劝某人不要做某事 .Parents should discourage their children from smoking.

have one’s heart in one’s mouth忐忑不安 heart and soul全心全意地；热心地 by heart默记地 break one’s heart伤心 have one’s heart in one’s mouth忐忑不安 heart and soul全心全意地；热心地 with all one’s heart全心全意

A Keep on trying . Never _________. I'm sure you'll succeed sooner or later. A. Lose heart B. lose one’s heart C. lose hearts lose heart 失去勇气 lose one’s heart to 爱上。。。 lose contact with 与。。。失去联系 lose control of 对。。。失去控制

lose face 丢面子 lose hold of 松手，放开 lose interest in 对。。。失去兴趣 lose no time in doing sth 不失时机（抓紧时间）作。。。 lose sight of 忘记，忽视

You will do better if you take it easy. (p47) Take it / things easy 别紧张，放松点　 Take it easy, there is nothing serious. [比较]Take your time , there is still 15 minutes to go. take one’s time 　慢慢来，别急

take it from me 相信我的话，我敢担保 take .. for granted 认为。。。是当然的 take over 接任；接管；接收 take up 开始做。。。；专注于；占用；接下去 take back 撤销 take for 当作；误认为

take in 收容；囊括；包含；缩减尺寸；领悟；蒙骗 take off 脱掉衣服；飞机起飞 take on 雇佣；聘用； 开始显现； 承担；（工作，责任） take sb./it /things seriously 尊敬某人；重视; 认真对待, 当真

keep up维持，保持，使某事物处于高水平 The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up. 原材料的成本高使得价格居高不下。 They still keep up the old traditions.

common sense 常识，情理=general knowledge A sense of humour/beauty/shame 幽默感/美感/羞耻心 a man of sense 通情达理的人,有理智的人 in common 共同，共有

language focus for reading

This account of the wonderful land beyond the Rocky Mountains gave him the idea to move there. account n.报导； （书面或口头）报告 对这次比赛激动人心的报导 an exciting account of the match

The airport is 40 miles beyond the town. (表示时间) 过了，比……晚。 他比平时回家晚。 beyond prep. (表示位置) 在……的那边；在…… 之外 机场在离城40英里以外的地方 The airport is 40 miles beyond the town. (表示时间) 过了，比……晚。 他比平时回家晚。 He came home beyond the usual time. (表示范围、限度) 超出；为……所不及。 The TV is beyond repair.

(常用于含疑问或否定意义的结构中) 除……之外。 I cannot say anything beyond that. I’m sorry it’s ____ my power to make a final decision on the project. (上海 2004春) A. over B. above C. off D. beyond

Beyond all praise 赞美不尽 Beyond belief 难以置信 Beyond compare 无与伦比，不可及的 Beyond description 无法形容 Beyond hope 没希望的，绝望的 Beyond sb’s grasp ； beyond my power/reach. beyond my control 为。。。所不及的 Beyond words 无法用语言表达

leave behind 忘带，留下，没带走，是指动作执行者有意识的动作。 Check your luggage. Don’t leave anything behind. 恐怕我们得把小林留下。 I'm afraid we must leave Xiao Lin behind.

leave alone 让。。。独自呆着 leave…at the mercy of 任由。。。摆布 leave off 停止 leave out 遗漏，漏掉

In the spring we continued our journey westward. 春天，我们继续向西旅行。 westward ad.向西 a.西方的 go in a westward direction 向西走 march westward 向西行军 n.西方，西部 lie to the westward 位于西部

The journey through the mountains and desert in the central part of the continent was the most trying part. 通过大陆中央的山脉和沙漠的旅程是最艰难的。 trying a.难受的；难堪的；费劲的；恼人的 a trying situation 尴尬的局面；难处的境况

lose one's way迷路 关于“迷路”还可以说，be/get lost We often get a map when we get to a new place in case we lose our way. 当我们到达一个新地方，我们常带上地图，以防迷路

make one’s way find its way / find one’s way fight one’s way feel one’s way push one’s way elbow one’s way

patch n. 补钉；金属补片；补块 斑点；斑纹 Wet patches on the wall. 墙上的湿斑。

vt.（常与up连用）补缀；修补 It's not proper to patch the roof with nail sick boards. 用多次钉过钉而不结实的木板修补屋顶是不适当的。 （与up连用）弥补；补偿 The doctors patched up the victims in the fire accident and sent them home. 医生给火灾中的伤号敷好了伤口,就让他们回家了

be hard on意为“够…受，使…难以忍受”。另外，它还可意为“磨得厉害；对…过于严厉，苛刻；紧跟等”。 ... and the long walk through the sand was hard on the oxen. be hard on意为“够…受，使…难以忍受”。另外，它还可意为“磨得厉害；对…过于严厉，苛刻；紧跟等”。 These rough roads are hard on your shoes. 这些崎岖的道路把鞋磨得厉害。 Don’t be too hard on your little son. 不要对你的儿子过于苛刻。 When I arrived there, I found that he was hard on me. 　 我到那儿时，发现他紧跟在我的后面。

The animals dragged their legs, too weak to pull their burden, and their tongues hung out in desperate need of water. 这些动物拖着他们的腿，太虚弱了而不能拉动负担，他们的舌头由于极度缺少水而在外搭了着。

burden The boy was a burden to / on his family. Senior middle school students were heavily burdened with all kinds of homework

hang out挂出； desperate adj. 1>令人绝望的，危急的 在绝境中 in a desperate state 2>（因绝望而）孤注一掷，拼死的 拼命的努力 make a desperate effort The desperate thief shot at the policeman.

3>极度渴望的 be desperate for/ to do sth = in great need of sth / to do sth ――极度想要 He was desperate for fame. in desperate need of很渴望的 He is desperate to pass the entrance exam.

许多个星期，我们习惯于看到马、牛受热、渴和饥饿之苦。 For many weeks we had been accustomed to seeing horses and oxen, suffering from heat, thirst, and starvation. 许多个星期，我们习惯于看到马、牛受热、渴和饥饿之苦。

be accustomed to (+n.或V-ing形式)习惯于（比be used to 正式）。 be / get / become accustomed to =be/get/become used to 你将会很快习惯这个工作的 You will soon get accustomed to the job. I am accustomed to cold weather/ walking long distances.

suffer from(v.+prep.=vt.)受――之苦；患―― 她常头痛 She often suffers from headaches. 遭受洪水 suffer from floods

with great anxiety 非常担忧, 十分焦急地 anxiety n. -ties 忧虑；焦虑；不安 He was waiting for his brother's return with anxiety. 他焦虑地等着兄弟归来。 with great anxiety 非常担忧, 十分焦急地

渴望 anxiety for knowledge求知的渴望 anxiety about/ for I felt anxiety about / for his safety when I heard the news of the train accident.

on all fours 四肢着地 The baby was crawling about on all fours.

1Our first destination was Indian Creek in Kansas, which was then the frontier. 本句是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。

查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

2 Sometimes the wagons had to be lifted and pulled up, where there were no roads. 本句是由where引导的地点状语从句。地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。 如：不管我在哪里我都会想到你。 Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.

The famous scientist grew up where(at the place where) he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai． 那位著名的科学家在出生地长大，于1930年来到上海

4 The animals dragged their legs, too weak to pull their burden, their tongue hung out in desperate need of water. 本句中their tongue hung out是分词独立结构。所谓“分词独立结构”（Absolute Construction）就是：主语+分词结构/，通常在句中起状语的作用。 -ing分词“独立结构”表示正在进行的动作，且主语与-ing分词之间为主动关系。

We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，每一个人就像干两个人的活。 -ed分词“独立结构”表示已发生的动作，主语与-ed分词之间为被动关系。 His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play. =After his homework was done, Jim decided to go and see the play. 家庭作业完成之后，杰姆决定去看戏。

5 Lying around them were chains, guns, tools, bedding, clothing, and many other articles. 本句是全部倒装句（Full Inversion）。为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语或使上下文紧密衔接，作表语的形容词、介词短语、分词提到句首时,常使用全部倒装结构.

Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. Gone are the days when they looked down upon the Chinese people. Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles, and toys.

When we saw the valley with fat cattle and horses, we thought we had reached the promised land.当我们看到牛肥马壮的山谷时，我们知道我们到了一个有指望的土地。 promise有希望，有――可能. This year promises a good harvest. 今年有丰收的希望。 promised过去分词作定语，有希望的

The meeting came to an end at midnight. bring …to an end 结束, 完成, 终止 come to an end 结束, 告终 The meeting came to an end at midnight. bring …to an end 结束, 完成, 终止

intergrating skills

Heroes of the north

Skimming read the text for several minutes, and answer the following questions: ① What did the dialogue mainly tell us? The dialogue mainly told us about the history of the Anchorage-to-Nome dog sled races.

② For what purpose did the people use the dog team ? People used the dog team to deliver the vaccine from Anchorage to Nome.

judge whether the following statements are true or false. Further reading judge whether the following statements are true or false. 1The first dog race was a race against time. 2The disease which struck the Nome was called flu. 3If doctors couldn’t get enough vaccine, the children would die quite soon. T F T

6 When the team arriver on time, they were warmly welcomed. 4 The doctors could do nothing but use the dog team to deliver the vaccine because there were not enough ships and planes. 5 During the journey , the dogs and their drivers should fight against the hot weather. 6 When the team arriver on time, they were warmly welcomed. F F F

Read the text carefully and find some information to fill in chart The time The place The plot The result

The time In the winter of 1925 The place A small city called Nome

The plot A terrible disease called diphtheria struck Nome , but there were no enough vaccine. Luckily, the doctors found a good supply of it in Anchorage. However, the frozen sea and the shortage of the plane made it impossible to deliver the vaccine fast. So people decided to use a dog team. These dogs and their drivers overcame all the difficulty and worked day and night to make sure the vaccine can arrive on time.

The result The children were saved by the vaccine because of the great made by the dogs and their drivers. In order to remember these heroes, the local people set a bronze sculpture of a dog in New York’s Central Park. This is a memorial to all who risked their lives to save those of others.

LANGUAGE FOCUS FOR INTE

狗拉雪橇赛 dog sled race 与时间赛跑的比赛 a race against time 头版新闻 front-page news 挽救某人不死 save sb from death 一个有1400人的城市

a city of 1400 souls 治疗某一疾病的药 medicine for a disease 他们呼吸急促 Their breathing was shallow. 大家松了口气 There was widespread relief.

有30万单位的储备 have a good supply of 300000 units 把某物运送给… deliver sth to … 一支狗的接力赛 a relay of dog teams 能吃苦耐劳的人 tough men

走…的距离 cover a distance of… 分秒必争 Every minute counted. 多达13天 up to 13 days 把某物包裹在…里面

wrap sth in… 把…包扎起来 tie up 冒着暴风雪 through snow storm

在危险中 at stake 不断做某事 keep doing 在黎明之前 before dawn 迎候某人 greet sb 黎明时的金色阳光 golden rays of the dawn

a bronze sculpture of a dog 一座纪念…的纪念碑 a memorial to… 冒生命危险做某事 更多资源xiti123.taobao.com 一座狗的铜像 a bronze sculpture of a dog 一座纪念…的纪念碑 a memorial to… 冒生命危险做某事 risk one's life to do sth

tax n. 税款，税 These two shopkeepers are in prison for tax evasion. 这两个店主因逃税而坐牢。 （常与on, upon连用）重负；负担 a tax on one's health 健康上的负担

Tomorrow is the anniversary of the first day we dated. They celebrated their 10th wedding anniversary

I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination. relief n. 解脱的感觉 听说我已经通过了考试，感到轻松多了。 I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination. 换班的人；替班的人 a relief driver 替班司机 救助；救济 to send relief to flood victims 将救济物资运送给遭受水灾的灾民

deliver v. 递送，传递; 授课, 发表（讲话）；移交；生育 deliver sth. to sb. 递送，传递（信件，包裹，货物） deliver (a lecture, a speech, etc) 授课，讲话 deliver sb. or sth. over(up)(to) 移交，交给 be delivered of a baby 生孩子

delivery n. Your order is ready for delivery. We had a big delivery of goods today.

wrap sb / sth in… 用……把某人／某物包起来 The Christmas gifts are wrapped in paper. I have wrapped (up) the parcel and it is ready to be posted.

tough a tough winter( severe; harsh) This steak is too tough咬不动 He looked ( to be) the toughest of all the challengers. tough policies强硬的政策

a tough guy [美]无赖 a tough job 棘手的工作 a tough customer 难伺候的客人 have a tough time of it 日子不好过

Be at stake 在危险中=in danger His life was at stake.

为…去;努力获取;追求, 想获得 ; 喜欢；被吸引 She’s gone for a book. to go for a job求职 She doesn't go for men of this type. 她不喜欢他这种类型的男人

对…适用；应用于 They have a high level of unemployment—but the same goes for many other countries. 他们的失业率很高——不过，其他许多国家也是如此

memorial n. 纪念物，纪念碑，纪念馆 a memorial to sb / sth 为了纪念某人/某物 This statue is a memorial to a great general. The church service was a memorial to the disaster victims.

risk n. 危险，风险，保险对象, vt. 冒……的危险，冒险干 do sth. at the risk of one’s life ／risk one’s life to do sth. 冒生命危险去做某事 run/take a risk of doing sth risk doing sth. 冒险（做某事） 例如：If you go out without your raincoat you run the risk of getting wet.如果你出门不带雨衣，就有可能被淋湿。