BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 职业卫生基本原则 Day 2 第2天
9 - GENERAL APPROACHES TOP THE CONTROL OF HEALTH RISKS 9-实现健康风险控制的常用方法
Types of Control Measures 控制措施类型 Elimination 消除 Substitution 取代 Isolation 隔离 Segragation 分离 Engineering Controls Including LEV 工程控制，包括LEV Administrative Controls 行政控制 Personal Protective Equipment 个人防护装备 I n c r e a s i g p f 优先级增加
GENERAL APPROACHES TOP THE CONTROL OF HEALTH RISKS 实现健康风险控制的常用方法 Elimination/Substitution 消除/取代 The most effective form of prevention control is simply to either eliminate the use of the hazardous agent, or the actual process in which it is used. 最有效的预防控制措施，只需弃用危险因 素，或有危险因素的实际工序。
GENERAL APPROACHES TOP THE CONTROL OF HEALTH RISKS 实现健康风险控制的常用方法 Isolation 隔离 Wherever possible processes or operations, which involve some risk (s) to health, should be completely enclosed, with the operator (s) outside the enclosure. 完全封闭有健康风险的工序或作业，操作人员 应在隔离区外。 Segregation 分离 Hazardous processes or operations etc. can be segregated from lower risk ones by placing them, for example, at the far end of a workshop, in a separate room. 在独立空间或车间另一端实施危险工序或作业，使之与风险较低的工序或作业分离。
GENERAL APPROACHES TOP THE CONTROL OF HEALTH RISKS 实现健康风险控制的常用方法 Engineering Controls – Ventilation 工程控制-通风 Processes capable of producing exposures to hazardous substances only, are commonly controlled by the provision of mechanical air handling methods: 通常采用机械式空气调节方法来控制产生有害物质的工序。 Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) 局部排气通风（LEV） General / Dilution Ventilation. 全面通风/稀释通风
GENERAL APPROACHES TOP THE CONTROL OF HEALTH RISKS 实现健康风险控制的常用方法 Administrative Controls 行政控制 Administrative controls relate to how the interaction between personnel and the process/operation are organised. 有关如何组织安排工作人员和工序/作业互动的行政控制方法。 Housekeeping 后勤管理 - Good housekeeping is particularly important. - 良好的后勤管理尤为重要。 Information, Instruction and Training 信息、指导和培训 - Education of employees on any health hazards in the workplace and the importance of correctly using all the control measures provided. - 对员工实施如下教育：工作场所健康危险，以及正确采用所供控制措施的重要性。 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 个人防护装备（PPE） PPE is normally considered to be the last resort. 通常认为个人防护装备是最后的防护方法。