Grammar (Unit 4) Attributive clause/Defining ralative clauses (定语从句) ------By xiehongfeng

找出关系词及先行词 1. He’s the person who discovered America. 2. Tell me the person who you want to write about . 3. I believe that he’s the best football player that has ever played. 4. Have you found the information that you need for your article? 5. I’ve found a website that gives a detailed introduction to Columbus. who/the person who/the person that/player that/the information that/website

１．概念及相关术语 １）概念：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句．定义从句一般紧跟在他所修饰的先行词之后． １）概念：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句．定义从句一般紧跟在他所修饰的先行词之后．　 ２）先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词． ３）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词如that,which,who,whom,when,where,why等

２．关系代词的基本用法 人／物 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 Who/that Who/ whom/ that/省略 whose 指物 作主语　　　　 作宾语 作定语 指人　 Who/that Who/ whom/ that/省略 whose 指物 Which/ that Which/ that/省略

(1)who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，通常可以省略． e.g. The man who spoke at the meeting is from China. 　如： 会上发言的人来自中国．　 　The lady （who/whom) he is talking to is his girlfriend. 如：和他正在交谈的女士是他的女友． (2)which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或作宾语，作宾语时常略． e.g.The building which is being built will be used as a hospital. 　如：正在建设中的这栋建筑被用作医院． 　　I don’t like the story which he told me a few days ago.　 　如：我不喜欢几天前他给我讲的那个故事． (3)that可以指人，也可以指物．指人时，相当于who或whom;指物时，相当于which. that 作宾语时常省略. e.g.The woman athlete that(who/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. 如：我在报纸上看到的那位女运动员刚刚获得了一枚金牌． 　Tomato is a useful vegetable that(which) is good for health. 如：西红柿是一种对健康很有益的蔬菜．

温馨提示： (4)whose通常指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语． 如：我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家． e.g I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world . 如：我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家． 　 Mr. Green lives in a house whose roof is red . 如：格林先生住在一座红屋顶的房子里． 温馨提示： 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致．如： He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball.

３．关系副词的基本用法．(when/where/why) e.g. He remembers the day when he joined the League . 如：他记得他入团的那天． (2)where(where=in等介词＋which)在定语从句中作状语，表示地点． e.g. I know the place where(in which) I met the strange man． 如：我知道我碰见那个怪人的地点． (3)why在定语从句中作状语，表示原因． e.g. This is the reason why he is late today. 如：这就是他今天迟到的原因． e.g. That is the reason why we must obey the traffic rules. 如：那就是我们为什么要遵守交通规则的原因．

Exercises Translating 1.天津产的自行车销售得很好. The bike which/that is made in Tianjin sells well. 2.我们买的鱼不新鲜. The fish which/that we bought were not fresh. 3.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹. The girl who/that has long hair is my sister. 4.打碎窗户的男孩叫汤姆. The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom. 5.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子里. He lives in a house whose windows open to the south. 6.这是你要找的那支的钢笔. This is the pen which/that are looking for .

Choice B C C D A 1.—Who is the man ____ was talking to our English ? ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teather. A.he B. that C. whom D. which 2.The foreigner ____ visited our school is from Canada. A.which B.when C.who D.whom 3. Nobody knows the reason ____ she didn’t come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when 4. This is the place ____ I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which 5.He has never forgtten the day ____ he arrived. A.when B. where C. that D.which C C D A 提示：选择关系词时首先要考虑先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，缺什么成分则选择相应可以作什么成分的关系词．作主语或宾语的有which,that指物，who,that指人．作状语的有when，表时间，where表地点，why表原因．做定语的有whose.

C C D B A 6.He is remmembers the days _____ he spent with your family. A.when B.where C. that D. on which 7. Mr. White _____ car had been stolen , came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. where 8. He got to the village _____ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where 9. This is the house _____ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where 10. He talked to his mother in a way _____ I don’t know. A. that B. in which C. what D. whom C D B A

Answer key (B2) 1.The country which/that Einstein was born is Germany. 2.The person who/that developed the theory of relativity is Einstein. 3.The subjects which/that Einstein studied were maths and physics. 4.The scientists who/that worked with Einstein admired him very much. 5.The award which/that Einstein received was the Nobel Prize. 6.The equation which/that Einstein worked out is E=mc2 7.Princeton University was the university that/which Einstein worked in after he moved to the USA. 8.Einstein was one of the greatest scientists who/that lived in the twentieth century. 9.The contribution which/that Einstein made to modern physics is unique.

Line 3 which-----who/that Line 7 actor后加who/that B3 Line 1 who-----that Line 3 which-----who/that Line 7 actor后加who/that Line 8 which-----who/that Line11 who-------which/that Line13 which-----who/that Line16 light bulb后加which/that Line18 which-----who/that Line20 which-----who/that Line22 scientist后加who/that 学生所反映的效果很好