Unit 2 Section A Grammar Focus

Review Translate the phrases. in the shape of on the Mid-Autumn night traditional folk stories shoot down live forever fly up to the moon call out one’s name lay out 以 ... 形状 在中秋之夜 传统的民间故事 击落 长生不老；永生 向上飞向月亮 大声叫喊某人的名字 摆开；布置

Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts. I think that they’re fun to watch. Mary thinks that the teams were fantastic. Bill wonders whether they’ll have zongzi again next year. I wonder if it’s similar to the Water Festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.

I know that the Water Festival is really fun.

I wonder if they’ll have the races again next year.

I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.

I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand.

Grammar Focus I know that the Water Festival is really fun. I wonder if they’ll have the races again next year. I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong. I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand.

Object clauses with that, if and whether

一、宾语从句的概念 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 We know that Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right. 二、宾语从句三要素 引导词（连接词） 语 序 时 态

Object clauses with that 1. I hear (that) _______________________. 2. He said (that) ______________________. 3. The teacher told us (that) _______________ ________________. he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun

连词that不能省略的几种情况 在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。 1. 从句的主语是that。如： He says that that is a real king’s hat. 他说那是一个真的王冠。

2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如： I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it. 3. 主、从句之间有插入语时。如： It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays. 卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。

4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如： She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。

√ √ √ Which of the following sentences has an object clause? These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars. Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars. People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier. We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system. The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light. Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable. √ √ √

Object clauses with if and whether 由if / whether引导的宾语从句 Ⅰ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如： Millie asked if / whether he liked this sweater. 米莉问他是否喜欢这件毛衣。 The fisherman wants to know if / whether it will rain. 渔民想知道天是否会下雨。

Ⅱ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如： Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me? →Could you tell me if / whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?

What does the baby cat ask? He asks if his father has got any fish. Have you got any fish? What does the baby cat ask? He asks if his father has got any fish.

He asks if / whether he is cool. Am I cool? What does the baby ask? He asks if / whether he is cool.

What did the girl ask the young man? Do you love me? What did the girl ask the young man? She asked the young man if / whether he loved her.

What does the baby wonder ? Can I fly? What does the baby wonder ? He wonders if / whether he can fly.

What does the girl ask the Spiderman? Will you take me to the sky? What does the girl ask the Spiderman? She asks the Spiderman if / whether he will take her to the sky.

Ⅲ. if和whether的区别 二者在下列几种情况下不能换用： 1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如： Whether this is true or not, I can’t say. 这是否对，我不能说。

2. 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用whether，不能用if。如： I don’t know whether or not he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否来。 24

3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如： She can’t decide whether to go to America. 她不能决定是否去美国。 4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如： I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。

5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如： Tom wants to know if she won’t come here tomorrow. 汤姆想知道她明天是否不来这儿。 6. if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如： If Simon comes here tomorrow, I’ll call you. 假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。

宾语从句中时态的变化 1. 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如： He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home. 他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。

主句时态是 现在时 从句时态应根据 实际情况而定

She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时） She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时） She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山。（从句是现在完成时）

2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。 Did the train leave? She didn’t know. →She didn’t know if / whether the train had left.

主句时态是过去时 从句时态改成相应的过去时态 一般现在时 一般将来时 一般过去时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。 (从句是过去将来时) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。 (从句是过去进行时)

注意： 1. 从句表达的是客观真理, 用一般现在时 The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 2. 从句中有明确表示过去时间的词,则从句依然是一般过去时 He wondered if you studied in the USA in 1990.

主句时态 从句时态 一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时 根据句意的需要用任意一种时态 一般过去时 与原句相对应的过去的时态 客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等 一律用一般现在时

宾语从句歌 学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。 时态主从要呼应： 主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意； 主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去； 宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。 语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。 That 连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。 从句若表“是否”时，if / whether要慎记。 特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。 三个问题需牢记，切莫丢东忘了西。

Write sentences using the words given. 4a Write sentences using the words given. think / Lantern Festival / beautiful don’t know / whether / he / come home/ for the festival I think that the Lantern Festival is beautiful. I don’t know whether he will come home for the festival.

3. believe / Water Festival / most / fun I believe that the Water Festival is the most fun. 4. wonder / if / mooncakes / delicious I wonder if the mooncakes are delicious.

1. How much do you know about Mother’s Day and Father’s Day? 2. What do you do for your mum and dad on that day?

Read the passage and underline the objective clauses. Dear Xia Yu, Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America? One is Mother’s Day on the second Sunday of May and the other is Father’s Day on the third Sunday of June. On these two days, American children oft en give gifts to their parents or take them out for lunch or dinner.

Common gift s are flowers and cards for mothers and shirts or ties for fathers. I heard that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate Mother’s Day and Father’s Day in China. I wonder if children over there also give similar gift s to their parents. I believe that there are many ways to show our love. Actually, we don’t have to spend a lot of money. It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead. June

Designing a card If you decide to send your mom / dad a card, what would you like to write? Design a card and write down the words you want to tell her / him. Try to use objective causes.

What’s your favorite festival? What does it celebrate? When is it celebrated? Why do you like this festival?

4c Which festival do you like best? Ask your group and report to the class. In our group, David’s favorite festival is … He thinks that …

Choose the right answers. 1. I don't know if Mr. Wang _____ on a field trip. If he _____ on a field trip tomorrow, please call me. A. goes; will go B. will go; goes C. will go; will go D. goes; goes 2. She asked me if I knew ______. A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it B B

3. They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term. A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught 4. The boy asked ______ any noise from outside. A. whether had I heard B. whether I had heard C. whether have I heard D. whether I have heard A B

5. I haven’t decide _____ I’ll go out or stay at home. A. if B. when C. why D. whether 6. I want to know ______ he loves you. A. that B. what C. if D. who D C

7. I wondered _____ our teacher was going to attend our party. A. whether B. what C. where D. that 8. I’d like to know _____ or not. A. whether will he come B. whether has he come C. whether he will come D. if he will come A C

根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子。 1. 我认为玛丽不来了。 I don’t think Mary ______ ______. 2. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。 Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai. 3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。 I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing tonight. come will was leaving if / whether

改为含宾语从句的复合句 1. Will the train arrive on time? I want to know. I want to know __________ the train _________ on time. 2. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. Li Lei wants to know ___________ Peter _________ here yesterday. if / whether will arrive if / whether came

Complete the sentences. 1. 我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。 We are wondering ____________________ ______________ on Mars. 2. 你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？ Could you tell me _____________________ __________________ to Mars? whether / if we can grow plants if / whether many people are going to move

3. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。 I don't know _________________________ any washing at home. 4. 我担心是否伤害了她的感情。 I am worried about __________________ _________. whether or not he does whether I hurt her feelings

Complete the sentences with if / whether. 1. Uncle Wang came up to see __________ there was anything wrong with the machine. 2. The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree. if / whether whether 3. I don’t know __________ to go or stay. 4. ________ that is true, what should we do? whether If 5. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell. Whether

中考链接 ( )1. — I wonder ___________. D — I'm afraid we'll be late. (2011山东青岛) A. how we can be on time B. what we are going to do C. why we get to school late D. if we will arrive at the meeting on time D

( )2. We’ll plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t know _____ Tom will come and join us. (2011天津) A. if B. which C. what D. where A ( )3. —Do you know ______ tomorrow? — Sorry, I don't know. You may surf the Internet. (2011湖南湘潭) A. whether will it rain B. if it will rain C. whether does it rain B

( )4.—Mum, can we go to the art museum tomorrow? —Sure. But first we should find out ________. (2011广西南宁市) A. what can we do B. where we can go C. how can we go there D. if it will be open D ( )5. We don’t know _______ the meeting will be held soon. (2011内蒙古包头) A. when B. what C. whether D. since C

( )5. —Mary, could you tell me if your mother ______ our school sports meeting tomorrow?　　 —I think she will come to school if she _____ free. (2011山东滨州)　 A. will take part in; will be B. takes part in; is C. will take part in; is D. takes part in; will be C

( )6. Do you know ______ Guangzhou tomorrow? (2011肇庆) A. whether they leave for B. whether will they leave for C. whether they are leaving for C ( )7. I've decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering ______ you could go with me. (2011江西省) A. if B. when C. that D. where A

( )8.—Do you think _____ Xiao Ming can pass the high school entrance exam or not? — Sorry, I’ve no idea. (2011广西百色) A. that B. which C. if D. whether D ( )9. He said that light ______ much faster than sound. (2011山东枣庄) A. has travelled B. went C. travels D. travelled C

( ) 10. Over these years I have had a new understanding of _____ people traditionally call a perfect person. (2012江苏淮安) A. how B. what C. who D. whom A ( ) 11. Can you tell me _____ in the future? (2012江苏宿迁) A. how life will be like B. how will life be like C. what life will be like D. what will life be like C

( ) 12. — Do you know _____? — At the end of July. (2012江苏连云港) A. how soon is your sister running back home B. how often Nancy from her pen friend C. when the London Olympic Games will be held D. when will the new computer game come out C

( ) 13. ---Peter, is there anything else you want to know about China? ---Yes, I am still wondering _____. (2012江苏南京) A. how is Chinese paper cut made B. how was the Great Wall built in ancient times C. why the Chinese people like to play the dragon dance D. why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival C

( ) 14. We haven’t discussed yet ______. (2012江苏苏州) A. where we are going to put our new table B. where are we going to put our new table C. what we are going to put our new table D. what are we going to put our new table A

( ) 15. I wonder ______. (2012江苏镇江) A. if Dr Ma still works on the ORBIS plane B. how much does the tallest man in the world weigh C. when Audrey Hepburn had entered the film industry D. that Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon A

( ) 16. They wonder ________ robots will make humans lose their jobs or not. (2013漳州) A. that B. if C. whether ( ) 17. Our physics teacher told us light _______ faster than sound. (2013 黔东南) A. travels B. traveled C. traveling D. to travel C A

19. I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder ______ where you buy the tickets B. why you like to go there C. if you’d like to come along D. when you watch the match C

B ( ) 18. (上海市徐汇区2014年中考二模) Many people are wondering ______. A. whether is the meat from the lab bad for their health B. whether the meat from the lab is bad for their health C. whether is bad for their health the meat from the lab D. whether from the lab the meat is bad for their health

19. (2011山东威海) 你妈妈想知道你是否已经安全到校。 20. (2014年江苏扬州市中考) 我怀疑那个活动是否值得参加。 Your mother wants to know if / whether you have arrived at / reached the school safely. I doubt whether the activity is worth taking part in.