Linguistics and language teaching 组员：马彬艳 王皓 郑万娟 孙涟漪 高勇

outline Approaches to language teaching 1,An overview of language teaching a, History b, Different approaches 2,The relation of linguistics to language teaching . a, Relation b, The definition of applied linguistics C, language teaching method and linguistic theories.

Approaches to language teaching An overview of language teaching A: History 1, 20th century 发生改变 2，at the turn of 19th century 英语仍被限定为帝国主义的语言和英国政府及其殖民地的语言，一种从英国殖民统治独立的政府使用的语言。 3，due to the political, economic , and technical changes since then 英语成为了一个新的角色，并且作为一种官方语言在新独的立国家广泛运用,并且作为一个说英语国家的第二语言和不说英语国家的外语

B，Different approaches 1，The natural method (direct method):自然法/直接法 Introduction: The Natural Approach was developed by Tracy Terrell and Stephen Krashen, starting in 1977. It came to have a wide influence in language teaching in the United States and around the world.

简介：自然法是由特雷西特勒尔和斯蒂芬克拉申提出，于1977年开始运用。它曾经在美国和世界各地的语言教学领域起到广泛的影响。 The direct method was adopted into English Language teaching and laid a solid intellectual and practical foundation for the development of ELT as an autonomous profession 自然法被应用于英语教学，并且提供了可靠的智力保障，实践基础对于英语教学就好比一个独立的职业。

2，the structural approach：（结构法） Introduction: It is formulated with behaviorist psychology as its psychological basis and structural linguistics as its linguistic basis. 这是行为主义心理学制定作为其心理基础和结构主义语言学的语言基础。

The theory is then extended to analyzing language behavior The theory is then extended to analyzing language behavior. According to Skinner, imitation plays an important role in language learning. A child learns a language by imitating the language of his or her environment. 该理论进而扩展到分析语言的行为。根据斯金纳的观点，模仿在语言学习中扮演着重要角色，孩子在学习语言时是通过模仿他所接触到的人。

Two factors are crucial for the child’s mastery of the language: 1, the frequency with which a certain utterance is used in the child’s environment孩子们使用某种话语的频率。 2, Approval on the parts of parents and teachers.父母以及老师的赞许以及纠正。

3, The mentalistic approach 智力法 Introduction: Mentalistic approach to language acquisition stresses the role played by the learner’s mental mechanism.智力法对语言的习得是强调学习者的智力因素。 Chomsky’s view: 1, Everyone is born with a Language Acquisition Device, which enable child to make hypotheses about the structure of language of language in general，and the structure of the language being

learned in particular. These primarily subconscious hypotheses are tested in the use of language and continuously matched with the new linguistic input which the child obtains from the immediate environment. 每个人天生就具有学习语言的能力，一般是通过对语句的假设学习语言并且与新接收到的语言相结合完善自我的语言认知。

2, As one of the pedagogical implications of this theory, the use of the learner’s native language in the study of a second or foreign language is justified. It is not only necessary but also inevitable.作为对这一理论的教学启示之一，学习者的母语在第二语言或外语学习的使用是合理的。它不仅是必要的，也是不可避免的。

4, The situational approach and the notional/functional approach:情境法 Introduction: In the teaching process, teachers create a emotional colorful scene to help students understand the material.情境法就是教师在教学过程中引入富有情绪色彩的场景，帮助学生更好理解教材的方法。 Function:情境教学的陶冶功能就像一个过滤器，使人的情感得到净化和升华。它剔除情感中的消极因素，保留积极成分。这种净化后的情感体验具有更有效的调节性、动力性、感染性、强化性、定向性、适应性、信号性等方面的辅助认知功能。

5, The Communicative Language交流法 Communicative Language Teaching is a popular approach to language teaching which emphasizes real-life use of language and placing students in real-life language situations.交流法是一种很流行的教学方法，它强调现实生活中语言的应用，并将学生置于现实生活的环境中。

The Relation of Linguistics to Language Teaching a, Relation: Both linguistics and language teaching take language as their subject. The achievements of linguistic inquiry can be utilized for effective language teaching.语言学和语言教学都是以语言为主题。语言学的应用可以提高语言教学的效率。 Bridge：Applied linguistics.

The definition of applied linguistics In the broad sense,applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic knowledge to the solution of various problems. In the narrow sense,this term is used to refer to language teaching, particularly the teaching of a second language or a foreign language.

Applied linguistics in the narrow sense exploits knowledge in three domains: 1, Linguistic theories and linguistic descriptions语言学理论和语言描述 2, Linguistics-related disciplines语言学相关学科 3, Education-related disciplines教育相关学科

Changes in language teaching methods throughout history have reflected the development of linguistic theories语言教学方法的改变反映了语言学理论的发展。 A, Grammar-translation method: linguistics was characterized by traditional grammar. B, the direct method: based on several linguistics assumptions. C, the situational approach: linguistic analysis should be related with the “ context of situation”

D, functional-notional approach: based on linguistic functions and teaching is organized around notional items. E, the communicative approach: the linguistic competence of a learner of a language not only refers to his or her ability to produce grammatical sentences but also to his or her ability to use the language approprately

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!