資訊組織概論 輔仁大學圖資系 96.10.01

資訊組織課程發展 1887 美國杜威(Melvil Dewey)開設第一所圖書館學校—哥倫比亞學院 傳統編目課程—圖書分類與編目 (Cataloging and Classification) 現代編目課程－資訊組織(Organization of Information) 近期編目課程－知識組織(Knowledge Organization)

編目課程範圍 敘論: 資訊組織與知識組織、 目錄種類與功能 描述編目:編目規則發展歷程、 書目著錄、 檢索款目擇定 主題分析:基本概念、分類法 、常用分類法 機讀編目:發展歷程、結構與內容標示 、中美機讀編目格式 權威控制: 意義與功能、 權威記錄格式、 權威合作計畫介紹 合作編目與書目網路:書目供用中心與書目網路、 合作編目計畫 電子資訊組織:電子資源類型、特性、組織模式 編目部門管理:編目參考資源與參考工具、工作流程、編目政策、人力資源訓練、財務管理

圖書分類編目意義 簡稱:圖書分編 意義:就圖書資料的形體及內容特性，按照一定的規範記載下來，以利讀者認識、辨別並加以利用 工作內容：記述編目與主題編目 記述編目：對資料作形體的分析，以描述資料的形體特性 主題編目：對資料作內容的分析，以決定資料分類號及主題標目

資訊組織意義 資訊組織在檢視所有資訊類型及格式之組織原則、概念、理論及方法 資訊組織方式： 書目學、分類編目、索摘及記錄管理等

知識組織的意義 知識組織係知識處理的過程，指知識的分類及構造 編目、索引 、分類 、過濾 、聯結

編目規範的重要性 編目規範即從事編目作業引以為典範的標準或準則或指引 目錄的編必須遵循一定的規範以保持一致性，以利檢索查詢 編目資源共享的先決條件為規範化及標準化

編目規範的種類 編目規則 分類法 標題表 機讀編目格式（MARC) 權威機讀格式(Authority MARC) 著者號碼表（Ａuthor Number) 圖書館相關編目手冊(如NBInet手冊)

編目規則 編目規則：記述編目所遵循的規範 中文：中國編目規則修訂三版 中華民國圖書館學會分類編目委員會修訂 參考AACR及ISBD之精神與原則規範研訂 西文：AACR 2R 1998 AACR Amendments

主題編目規範 對資料作內容的分析，俾決定料的分類號及主題標目 工具：分類表及標題表 例如：中國圖書分類法(New classification scheme for Chinese libraries:tables)/賴永祥編訂 中文圖書標題表 中文主題詞表／國家圖書館

機讀編目規範 緣由：圖書館自動化興起，為利資訊系統間資料傳輸及交換機讀資料檔，需要遵循和使用標準的紀錄格式 例如： 中國機讀編目格式９０年修訂版／國家圖書館 中國機讀權威格式

著者號碼表 著者號碼規範工具書 －中文目錄檢字表／中國圖書館學會分類編目委員編 依首尾五筆著者號碼法編製 －四角號碼檢字法／王雲五編訂 　依首尾五筆著者號碼法編製 －四角號碼檢字法／王雲五編訂 　依四角號碼檢字法編製

西文編目規則 Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules 2nd ed 1998 revision. Chicago : American Library Association Amendments 1999- 參考網站http://www.aacr2.org/index.html

國際書目著錄標準 IFLA (The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) is the leading international body representing the interests of library and information services and their users. It is the global voice of the library and information profession. Founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1927 at an international conference, we celebrated our 75th birthday at our conference in Glasgow, Scotland in 2002. We now have 1700 Members in 150 countries around the world. IFLA was registered in the Netherlands in 1971. The Royal Library, the national library of the Netherlands, in The Hague, generously provides the facilities for our headquarters.

國際書目著錄標準(續) 參考網址http://www.ifla.org ISBD Family ISBD (A): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Older Monographic Publications (Antiquarian). Recommended by the Project Group on the International Standard Bibliographic Description for Older Monographic Publications (Antiquarian). Approved by the Standing Committees of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing and the IFLA Section on Rare Books and Manuscripts. 1991. xiii, 100 pages. Hardbound. ISBN 3-598-10988-1

國際書目著錄標準(續) ISBD (CF): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Computer Files. Recommended by the Working Group on the International Standard Bibliographic Description for Computer Files set up by the IFLA Committee on Cataloguing. 1990. v, 98 pages. Softbound. ISBN 0-903043-56-4

國際書目著錄標準(續) ISBD (CF): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Computer Files. Recommended by the Working Group on the International Standard Bibliographic Description for Computer Files set up by the IFLA Committee on Cataloguing. 1990. v, 98 pages. Softbound. ISBN 0-903043-56-4

國際書目著錄標準(續) ISBD (CM): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Cartographic Materials. Recommended by the ISBD Review Committee. Approved by the Standing Committees of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing and the IFLA Section of Geography and Map Libraries. 1987. vii, 55 pages. Softbound. ISBN 0-903043-47-5

國際書目著錄標準(續) ISBD(CR): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Serials and Other Continuing Resources. Revised from the ISBD(S): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Serials. Recommended by the ISBD(S) Working Group. Approved by the Standing Committees of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing and the IFLA Section on Serial Publications. 2002. xi, 112 p. Hardbound. ISBN 3-598-11599-7

國際書目著錄標準(續) ISBD (ER): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Electronic Resources. Revised from the ISBD(CF): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Computer Files. Recommended by the ISBD(CF) Review Group. 1997. x, 109 pages. Hardbound. ISBN 3-598-11369-2

國際書目著錄標準(續) ISBD (G): General International Standard Bibliographic Description. ISBN 3-598-11084-7 2004 Version 建議自網站下載 Recommended by the ISBD Review Group. Approved by the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing. (Published only in PDF format.)

國際書目著錄標準(續) ISBD (M): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Monographic Publications. 2002 Revision Recommended by the ISBD Review Group. Approved by the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing. (Published only in PDF format.)

國際書目著錄標準(續) ISBD (NBM): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Non-Book Materials. Rev. Edition. Recommended by the ISBD Review Committee. Approved by the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing. 1987. vii, 74 pages. Softbound. ISBN 0-903043-46-7

國際書目著錄標準(續) ISBD (PM): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Printed Music. 2nd Rev. Edition. Recommended by the Project Group on ISBD(PM) of the International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres (IAML). Approved by the Standing Committees of the IFLA Sections on Cataloguing and Information Technology. 1991. 73 pages. Hardbound. ISBN 3-598-10985-7

國際書目著錄標準(續) ISBD (S): International Standard Bibliographic Description for Serials. Rev. Edition. Recommended by the ISBD Review Committee. Approved by the Standing Committees of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing and the IFLA Section on Serial Publications. 1988. viii, 76 pages. Softbound. ISBN 3-903043-49-1

西文圖書分類法 Dewey, Melvil Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index. 21st ed Albany, N.Y.: Forest Press, 1996 杜威十進分類法（Dewey Decimal Classification，DDC）是廣為全球各地圖書館使用的分類法。這個分類系統最早在1873年時Melvil Dewey有此分類構想，而於1876年正式出版，定名為《A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloging and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library》

杜威十進分類法(續) 1885年出版的第二版更名為《Decimal Classification and Related Index》，最新一版則為2003年7月所出版的第二十二版，簡稱DDC 22。目前，DDC的維護由「The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) Editorial Policy Committee (EPC)」負責，而網站資料的更新維護與出版工作則是OCLC。

杜威十進分類法(續) DDC已被全球超過135個國家的圖書館使用，並且被翻譯逾30種語言，包括阿拉伯文、中文、法文、希臘文、希伯來文、義大利文、波斯文、俄文、西班牙文及土耳其文等。在美國，有95﹪的公共圖書館及學校圖書館、25﹪的學院及大學圖書館及20﹪的專門圖書館使用DDC。此外，DDC更能用來組織網際網路上的各種資源。

國會分類法 Library of Congress Classification Schedules The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries — most public libraries and small academic libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC).

國會分類法 Library of Congress Classification Outline http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/

西文標題表 Libraray of Congress Subject Headings. 24th ed. Washington, DC: Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress. Sears List of Subject Headings. 16th ed Joseph Miller. New York: H.W. Wilson

西文機讀編目格式 MARC STANDARDS 參考網站http://www.loc.gov/marc/ MARC 21 Authority Bibliographic Community Information Classification Holdings

Metadata後設資料 Data about data Information about information Dublin Core Workshop Series http://dublincore.org/ 15 Elements

Metadata後設資料 For example: RDF (Resource Description Framework) allows multiple metadata schemes to be read by humans as well as parsed by machines. <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://media.example.com/audio/guide.ra"> <dc:creator>Rose Bush</dc:creator> <dc:title>A Guide to Growing Roses</dc:title> <dc:description>Describes process for planting and nurturing different kinds of rose bushes.</dc:description> <dc:date>2001-01-20</dc:date> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> This simple example uses Dublin Core by itself to describe an audio recording of a guide to growing rose bushes. With XML or RDF/XML